Archive 1986 – 2017

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johangaltung
Dear participants! This is an important conference. The world’s biggest country, based on one of the world’s oldest civilizations, soon also with the world’s biggest economy, is having a serious look at peace studies. A small step for China, but a major one for us who have been working in this field for soon fifty years. We are most grateful to the hosts, Nanjing University and particularly its Department of History, and Coventry University and particularly its Centre for the Study of Forgiveness and Reconciliation, for this important international and interdisciplinary dialogue. I have been given the task of reflecting on the field of peace studies, something I will do with the warning that what you get from me is one person’s perspective. Others will have other perspectives. We can enter this field from many angles, and it is important that we do so. Peace studies, like anything else, is...
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LONDON – Deng Xiaoping, the former paramount leader, once promised that China would be a democracy by the year 2035. (See his officially published ‘Collected Works’.) Then 16 years ago came the massacre of the protesting students in Tiananmen Square and the world-wide reputation of Deng, until then regarded as the great reformer of the moribund, Chinese command economy, took a dip downward from which he has never truly recovered despite the onward march of the Chinese economy. The big question remains topical: when will democracy arrive in China? There have been, and are, a significant number of would-be reformers in the higher ranks- from the recently deceased, former party chief, Zhao Ziyang who appeared in Tiananmen Square at the height of the protests to tell the students he had come “too late”, to the current premier, Wen Jiabao, who two years’ ago, in a supposedly secret speech, but one...
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LONDON – Space shoots off in all directions, and so it seems does U.S. Secretary of Defense, Donald Rumsfeld, a long time aficionado of the subject. But not for him the dreamy, floating hotels of Richard Branson’s imagination. Rumsfeld’s intentions are on a grander, more intimidating, scale: to ensure that the U.S. militarily dominate not just the terrain of earth, not only the mighty ocean depths and the skies above but also the deep indigo of the weightless world beyond, and in so doing confirm in heavenly spades that no one will ever pull a fast one on the U.S., coming at it from the vast unknown. After 22 years of work and $100 billion spent, and with the Pentagon still admitting that from an earth-based launch pad it cannot reliably destroy the threat of an incoming ballistic missile, it is difficult not to be amazed that the U.S. should...
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Boken “WE’RE A PEACEFUL NATION”Krigsretorik efter elfte septemberAv Brigitte MralKrisberedskapsmyndighetens temaserie 2004:05 “Kriget mot terrorismen” har skapat ett nytt politiskt språkbruk. Krig benämns fred, angrepp blir “förebyggande försvar”, ockupation kallas “humanitär intervention”. Brigitte Mral, professor i retorik vid Humanistiska institutionen vid Örebro universitet, påminns när hon hör George Bush och Tony Blair mana till krig om den sortens “double talk” som George Orwell gjorde besk satir av i sin svarta framtidsskildring “1984”. I sin studie av krigsretorik efter den elfte september “We’re a Peaceful Nation” ger hon talrika exempel på hur ett nytt politiskt språkbruk har uppstått. I krislägen är vi i ett land som Sverige misstänksamma mot stora ord. Vi förväntar oss från makthavarna raka och ärliga besked, därför att “ett demokratiskt samhälle har den rationella dialogen som grundpelare”. Så har det knappast varit i USA och Storbritannien under förspelet till krigen i Afghanistan och Irak. Maktetablissemangen har satsat...
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From April 21st to 24th Kericho will host an international conference “Globalisation for the Common Good and the Quest for Justice and Peace in Africa”, under the Patronage of the Honourable Dr. A. A. Moody Awori, EBS, MP, The Vice President and Minister for Home Affairs. Many speakers representing, governments, religions, business, academia, civil society, charity, voluntary sector, media and young peoplecame together to address, debate and discuss the issues of globalisation, justice and peace leading to the creation of a more humane world. We admire and salute Africa’s achievements in ending colonialisation, dismantling apartheid, and initiating development, democratisation and social reform. We are also conscious of the enormous contribution Africa has to make to the rest of the world, but we are aware that many people live in poverty and are unable to achieve their full potential. For this situation to be changed ‘Globalisation for the Common Good’ is...
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Verden er inne i en omveltende periode. Det er ikke de tradisjonelle marxistiske revolusjonære bevegelser som har stått for opprørene. De siste fem årene har vi sett at massive folkelige bevegelser har styrtet statsledelsen i mange land verden rundt. I nesten alle av disse bevegelsene har studenter spilt en avgjørende rolle. Studenter har i mange deler av verden gått i spissen for å organisere motstand og krevd regimeskifte. Det har gått som en bølge fra land til land og et globalt samarbeid har utviklet seg. Århundrets første statsleder som ble avsatt av fredelige folkemasser var Milosevic i Serbia. Det NATO ikke klarte gjennom tre måneders massivt og illegalt bombardement i april 1999 klarte en million demonstranter i Beograd den femte oktober 2000. Studentbevegelsen Otpor (betyr “Motstand”) hadde i måneder forberedt seg og trenet for å organisere en massiv og fredelig bevegelse for å tvinge bort regimet. Godt støttet av rundt 40...
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LONDON – Dag Hammarskjöld, the most revered of past UN’s secretary-generals, once described the institution as a “Santa Maria”, battling its way through inclement weather and unsheltered oceans to a new world, only to find that the people on board blamed the storms on the ship itself. The trouble is that the UN ship belongs to everyone and yet to no one. Nevertheless, if you are a big enough power or a strong enough group, you can throw the ship wildly off course with the flip of a switch. The Soviet Union did this in the 1960’s when Nikita Khrushchev banged his shoe on his desk in the Assembly, accused the UN of being American controlled, and later demanded that the secretary-generalship be run by a troika. The Third World nations did this when they invited Yasser Arafat to address the Assembly still wearing his gun holster and shortly afterwards...
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The Burundians want justice and peace. A study done by Observatoire de l’Action Gouvernementale (OAG ) shows that 83% of the population want a TRC to be created, 82% want a special tribunal for crimes against humanity. Burundi has demobilised the majority of its fighters and former child soldiers are being cared for. Refugees have returned home. Leaders in exile return, former rebels form parties. A Truth and Reconciliation Commission has been decided. These and other step towards peace are huge – given the history and situation of the country (2). But, alas, the peace process itself costs money and requires many types of independent expertise.   Why does the international community let Burundi down? People walking the road to peace should be rewarded. But where in this world shall Burundi’s government and NGOs find the human assistance and the peace aid to meet all the Arusha goals in time?...
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Development aid aims to raise the living standards of the poorest. Parties at war are sure to obtain what could be called war aid – i.e. weapons, ammunition, and training – from governments and arms dealers. Post-war countries may receive peacekeepers, reconstruction and humanitarian aid. What is missing is peace aid. Peace aid increases the chances that the other types of aid will bring normalization. What is peace aid? Peace aid focuses on the human dimensions of violence, the hatred, the wounded souls. It empowers local civil society to monitor a peace process and train people in reconciliation and non-violent conflict-resolution – i.e. future violence prevention. It supports the development of new schoolbooks, a fair and healing account of history and, above all, a culture of peace. Peace aid does exist in today’s NGO community, but it is the weakest link of all and governments generally don’t appreciate its vital importance. It’s about learning how...
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Boken 1905De glömda revolutionernas årAv Börje IsaksonOrdfront 2005 Det finns årtal i mänsklighetens historia med  särskild laddning, från franska revolutionens 1789, via år som 1848 och 1968 till senast 1989, året för Berlinmurens fall och det kalla krigets slut. Och 1905. Året för den norsk-svenska unionsupplösningen och andra händelser var också en tidpunkt för ett skred i den gamla världsordningen, något som inte minst förebådade världskrigets katastrof 1914 men som också i Sverige innebar långtgående förändringar. Börje Isaksons “1905. De glömda revolutionernas år”, som påpassligt utkommer i dag på syttende maj, den norska nationaldagen, är en läsvärd bok med fokus på detta år. I vårt kollektiva historiska minne är avgörande händelser 1905 nedtonade, antagligen därför att det inte blev krig, vilket just är en anledning till att unionsupplösningen är så värd att minnas. Konflikter förknippade med statsupplösningar och gränsförändringar lösta utan krig hör till undantagen. Den svensk-norska separationen och dess...
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Utvecklingsbistånd syftar till att höja levnadsstandarden för de fattigaste. Parter som befinner sig i krig kan vara förvissade om att de få något som skulle kunna kallas krigsbistånd, dvs vapen, ammunition och utbildning från regeringar och vapenhandlare. Efterkrigsländer kan få fredsbevarare, återuppbyggnadsbistånd och humanitärt bistånd. Men det som saknas är fredsbistånd. Fredsbistånd ökar chanserna att de andra typerna av bistånd ska medföra en normalisering. Vad är fredsbistånd? Fredsbistånd inriktar sig på de mänskliga dimensionerna av våldet, hatet, de sårade själarna. Det ger kraft åt det lokala civila samhället att övervaka en fredsprocess och utbilda folk i försoning och konfliktlösning utan våld – dvs framtida hinder mot våld. Det ger stöd åt att utveckla nya skolböcker, en rättvis och läkande redogörelse för historien och, framförallt, en fredskultur. Fredsbistånd finns faktiskt i dagens samfund av frivilligorganisationer, men det är den svagaste länken av alla och regeringar uppskattar i allmänhet inte dess livsviktiga betydelse. Det handlar om...
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Udviklingshjælp gives for at hjælpe til at højne de fattiges levestandard. Krigsførende kan være sikre på at få, hvad man kunne kalde “krigshjælp” eller militærbistand, i form af våben, ammunition og træning fra både regeringer og våbenhandlere. Lande der har været i krig, kan regne med at modtage fredsbevarere samt genopbygnings- og humanitær hjælp. Hvad der mangler er “fredshjælp”. Fredshjælp er en indsats, der kunne øge chanserne for at de andre hjælpeinsatser vil lede til normalisering. Hvad er fredshjælp? Fredshjælp fokuserer på den menneskelige dimension af vold og had og på de sårede sjæle. Den lader de lokale civile samfund få magt til at overvåge en fredsproces og den uddanner mennesker til forsoning og ikke-volds konfliktløsning – med andre ord, fremtidig voldsforebyggelse. Den støtter udvikling af nye skolebøger, en retfærdig og helende historiefortælling og, fremfor alt, en ny fredskultur. Fredshjælp findes i dag i NGO’ers arbejdsformer, men den forbliver det allersvageste led, fordi regeringer...
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