Billedet af Rusland i de vestlige medier er i dag næsten mere dystert end under den kolde krig. Mange tror, at russerne lever i fattigdom og ufrihed i evig angst for Putins rædselsregime, præget af få censurerede medier. Rusland skulle angiveligt være ved at falde sammen og borgerne længes efter de friheder, som vesten kan tilbyde.

Putin skulle angiveligt være nervøs for, at den ukrainske ’demokratiske’ revolution skulle sprede sig til Rusland. Derfor skal vi i vesten entydigt støtte Kiev regeringen og den ikke-parlamentariske opposition i Rusland. Mange vestlige politikere mener, at vi økonomisk skal isolere Rusland.

EU og USA fokuserer i disse tider på at straffe Rusland og

ikke mindst landets præsident, som mange i vestlige medier opfatter som master mind’en bag ikke bare den ukrainske men også den syriske og andre kriser. Den vestlige politik skulle angiveligt føre til øget global frihed, velstand, stabilitet og sikkerhed.

Det er på tide at reflektere over denne fortælling, som genererer en masse følelsesmæssigt selvsving. For det første: Rusland er et mere normalt land end de vestlige medier giver indtryk af.

Putin har gavnet Rusland

Under Putins ledelse har Rusland udviklet sig positivt. Putin overtog en stat, som mere lignede et u-land end en tidligere supermagt. I slutningen af 1990´erne var Rusland på knæ og økonomisk afhængig af bl.a. IMF. I dag er Rusland gældfrit og med en af verdens største valutareserver, levestandarden er steget kraftigt, der er opstået en ny middelklasse med penge til forbrug, hvad mange vestlige eksportvirksomheder har erfaret og udnyttet.

Rusland oplever en rivende udvikling, som står i skarp kontrast til udviklingen i 1990´erne, hvor jeg bl.a. arbejdede som journalist og rejste landet tyndt. Jeg rejser også meget i dag, og det er et helt andet Rusland man møder, velstående, moderne, ’vestligt’ om man vil.

Nogle russiske provinsbyer virker mere velholdte og rene end f.eks. København. Statistikken viser et voksende befolkningstal, ligesom levealderen er vokset betydeligt fra et katastrofalt lavt niveau i 1990´erne. Selvmordsraten, kriminaliteten, alkoholismen viser nedadgående tendenser. Og med hensyn til frihedsrettighederne, så er Rusland i dag ikke Sovjetunionen.

Udbredt ytringsfrihed

Jeg har oplevet at være i Dom Knigi på Novij Arbat i Moskva, den store boghandel både i Sovjettiden i 1980´erne og mange gange de senere år. Jeg har et kvalificeret niveau i russisk – læser jævnligt russiske bøger.

Hvilken forskel fra dengang! I dag kan man købe hvad som helst; for nylig spurgte jeg om jeg ikke kunne købe en bog, der forsvarede Putin. Der var nemlig en sværm af Putin kritiske bøger, mange oversat fra engelsk, bl.a. Edward Lucas og Masha Gessen.

Aviserne er også meget pluralistiske, selv den statskontrollerede TV kanal har ofte interview med den liberale opposition. Jeg har lavet research til en bog i Rusland og jeg har frit kunnet finde hvilket som helst materiale. Når den ikke- parlamentariske liberale opposition i Rusland er så svag, så skyldes det ikke at russerne ikke har mulighed for at høre og læse dem. Russerne kender synspunkterne, men vælger alligevel Putin.

Hvorfor krediterer vi ikke Putin og Rusland for hvad der må fremstå som dyder i et liberalt konservativt værdisystem særligt efter den socialkonservative tyske tradition?

Det korte svar er, at vi lige havde vænnet os til at der kun var en stormagt i verden, at NATO og især USA kontrollerede det vigtigste i verden. Rusland lod os i 1990’erne tro, at det var færdigt og at det ville være cheer leader for den vestligt dominerede udvikling i verden.

Men Rusland er stille og roligt blevet en regional stormagt, ikke en supermagt og slet ikke en ideologisk.

Konservativt og kristent

Er Rusland noget, så er det konservativt og kristent. Russerne mener, at de har ret til at arbejde for deres nationale interesser som alle andre store magter gør det. Hvorfor skulle de ikke have det? Russerne har modstræbende accepteret, at mange østeuropæiske lande er blevet medlemmer af NATO, selvom de ikke har tillid til organisationen.

Men Rusland har sat en rød linje ved Ukraine og Georgien. Hvad skal man mene om det? Stormagtschauvinisme? Måske, men i så fald er USA også stormagt chauvinist med mange og fjerne røde linjer.

I mange år troede russerne, at de havde en forståelse med USA om at Ukraine forblev i en neutral position. Maidan oprøret væltede den skrøbelige forståelse mellem USA og Rusland. Men i Vesten har vi meget på spil. Det er ikke i vores interesse at Rusland entydigt vælger den asiatiske og BRIKS – Brasilien, Rusland, Indien, Kina og Sydafrika. vejen.

Det er på tide at gentænke vores fortælling om Rusland.

Først publiceret i dagbladet Børsen.

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