PressInfo # 224 – “Purpurhjerter – Mit hjerte brænder” En udstilling og en bog om desårede veteraner fra Irak-krigen

Denne artikel på engelsk og på svensk

“Jeg meldte mig ikke til hæren for at tjene mit land, men for at flygte fra den forfærdelige tristhed i min hjemegn, Orange County, for at komme væk fra kammeraterne og fra stofferne.”

Robert Acosta var lige blevet 18 da han meldte sig til USA’s militærtjeneste. Han var 19 da han blev flyttet fra sin tyske base i Hanau til Irak, hvor tre måneder senere en håndgranat, som nogen havde kastet på hans pansrede mandskabsvogn, eksploderede. “Der er ingen chance i verden for at være forberedt på en situation, hvor du pludselig ser din egen hånd ligge på gulvet foran dig og små blodige stumper af dig selv spredt på væggene”, siger han.

Mens han taler bliver hans venstre håndled ved med at vride og vende på den krog, som nu erstatter hans højre hånd. Det er stadig, hver eneste gang, lige svært for ham at tale om det.

Robert Acosta, Photo by Nina Berman © 2005

Fotograf Nina Berman fra New York, som blandt andre aviser også arbejder for New York Times, fotograferede ham for et år siden og sammen med ham sytten andre Irak-veteraner (en af dem en kvinde). “Eftersom ingen andre gjorde det – der var ikke et eneste billede i nyhedsmedierne – begyndte jeg at lede efter veteranerne på Google, med spørgsmål som ‘amputerede ben og arme’ eller ‘kunstige lemmer’.”

Februar 2005 opgav USA’a forsvarsministerium en liste på 11,442 sårede soldater, idet man kun regnede dem, der var såret i kamp. Luis Calderón fra Puerto Rico på 22 år, står ikke med på listen. Hans “quadriplegia”, lammelse fra nakken og ned, er resultat af at en betonmur rasede ned over ham, efter at han havde vovet sig på at ødelægge den med sin tanks, fordi der var malet er kæmpebillede af Saddam Hussein på den.

Heller ikke José Martínez, nu 20 år gammel, står på listen. Hans ansigt er fuldstændig vansiret af ar efter brandsår fra en landmine, der eksploderede under hans pansrede mandskabsvogn – men det skete ikke “i kamp”. Jordan Johnson, nu 23, mangler også på listen. Hendes højre ben blev flækket og smadret ved en lastbilsulykke, ikke “i kamp”. Ikke noget Purpurhjerte til dem – og altså ingen pension. Med mindre de kæmper for det.

Indtil nu har Walter Reed-militærhospitalet i Washington alene modtaget over 17 000 sårede, enten direkte fra Irak eller fra Landstuhl i Tyskland, mens flådens hospital har registreret yderligere 11 000. Inklusive dem fra mindre sygehuse er det totale antal sårede USA-soldater beregnet til 37 000. Dem der “kun” er mentalt sårede, forstyrrede i sjælen af traumer og psykiske smerter, som ikke kan ses på kroppen, regnes slet ikke med.

I marts 2005 blev Nina Berman tildelt World Press-fotografprisen for at lave disse billeder og for bogen “Purpurhjerter – Hjem fra Irak”. For hende er denne pris, der er fotoverdenens “Oscar,” dog ikke særlig vigtig. “Det der virkelig betyder noget for mig er at nå ud til så mange unge mennesker som muligt med disse fotografier.”

Rekruteringsmarkedet er voldsomt konkurrencepræget, og rekruteringsagenterne får betalt for succes. De kører op med deres busser foran skolerne og forærer ungerne computerspil – mod at de opgiver deres adresser og telefonnumre. Spillene er designede til at afprøve forskellige færdigheder, der er brug for i militæret, og efter en evaluering af resultaterne bliver forældrene eller de unge ringet op hjemme og tilbudt penge og fremtidsmuligheder.

“Der er så mange som ikke aner hvad de ellers skal lave”, siger Robert Acosta og trækker vredt og hjælpeløst på skuldrene. “En af de fyre her har sin far i fængsel for drab, og hans mor stak af da han var lille. Hæren har været hans eneste familie – shit man!”

Nu er Alex Presman 26 og må leve med bare ét ben. Alan Jarmaine Lewis, nu 23, er en anden af dem, der havde håbet på at “høre til” noget og nogen – hans far, søster og hans ven blev alle skudt under forskellige bandekrige i Chicago da han var kun syv år. Han har mistet begge ben i Irak og hans ansigt er slemt forbrændt.

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Siden januar 2005 har rekruteringsagenterne haft svært ved at udfylde deres kvoter, så nu tilbyder de et ungt menneske op til 18 000 dollars for at melde sig til hæren. Men for tiden føler hverken farvede, de fleste kvinder eller andre sig fristede af disse tilbud, på trods af fattigdom, følelsen af meningsløshed og almindelig mangel på fremtidshåb. Som tiden er gået formidler selv regeringens PR-friserede version af antallet af sårede og døde en direkte trussel på liv og lemmer ved at gå i krig i Irak.

Det er første vernisage af udstillingen i Tyskland, på det Tysk-Amerikanske Institut i Heidelberg. På institutets store trappe er væggene dækket af de uendelige lister af døde civile irakere – “IraqBodyCount” var i stand til at navngive 6.900 ud af de 100 000 – formet i ordene: ET HUNDREDE TUSINDe. Robert Acosta er på vej op ad trappen. Når det går op for ham hvad det er han ser på, får han pludselig tårer i øjnene. “Oh shit”, hvisker han og vender sig bort – “og alt det til ingen nytte.”

Tre dage senere i Freiburg giver han sin ene hjælpende hånd når listene skal op på væggen. “Min lillebror er 16 nu, og på det sidste har han været inde på at ‘altså, det der med hæren er måske cool’. En rekruteringsagent har allerede været hjemme hos os, men jeg siger bare, at hvis den type eller andre af samme slags så meget som vover at dukke op hos igen, så skal jeg true ham med min krog lige op i ansigtet”.

“Ja – vi skal gøre livet til et helvede for dem med vores arbejde – det er vores vigtigste bidrag i kampen mod krigen i de kommende måneder,” siger Nina Berman. Og når man ser hendes grumme smil, kan man let tro hende.

Læs mere om “PURPURHJERTER – MIT HJERTE BRÆNDER”

Open Democracy: Nina Berman – Purple Hearts – Back from Iraq
“De døde fortæller ingen historier. Det er de sårede overlevende der præsenterer os for vores medskyld”. For at markere anden årsdag af irakkrigens start, præsenterer ÅBEN DEMOKRATI ti profiler fra “Purpurhjerte – Hjem fra Irak”, den hyldede fotosamling på sårede amerikanske soldater af den prisbelønnede fotograf Nina Berman.

Mother Jones – The Damage Done

Digital Journalist – Purple Hearts thumbs – Nina Berman’s photos

Nina Berman’s book, Purple Hearts

Information Clearing House – Purple Hearts. A Documentary by Roel van Broekhoven
En fotoserie, som New York-baserede Nina Berman har lavet over sårede irakveteraner, gav ophav til denne dokumentar. Hun skrev også bogen “Purpurhjerter, hjem fra Irak”, i hvilken soldater fortæller deres historie. Dokumantarfilmeren Roel van Broekhoven rejste rundt i USA for at besøge de personer der er portrætteret i Bermans fotografier. I små byer omkring Alabama og Pittsburgh, eller i Washington og Los Angeles fortæller de detaljeret om hvad der var sket den dag de blev såret, om hvordan de kom hjem – blinde eller uden ben, om hvordan de nu må forsøge at glemme krigen. Overalt bliver de officielt betraktet som “helte” med et purpurhjerte på uniformen, der hænger i deres klædeskab. Men de fleste af dem længes efter at komme tilbage til hæren, som ikke længere har brug for dem; en historie som Præsident Bush nok helst vil være fri for at se sprede sig.

The Iraq Body Count

Operation Truth – U.S. Soldiers against the war

Alene i Tyskland er udstillingen “Purpurhjerter – mit hjerte brænder” allerede blevet vist i Heidelberg, Freiburg, Türingen, Aachen, Saarbrücken, Herford, Hannover og Düsseldorf.

KONTAKT

For at få mere information om udstillingen, og for at leje den, kontakt Annette Schiffmann: anna.schiff@t-online.de

© TFF and the author 2005

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