PressInfo #223 – Økonomisk boykotsom ikkevold

johangaltung

Denne PressInfo på engelsk og svensk

Over hele verden tales der meget om boykot af amerikanske produkter. Specielt i Tyskland og Frankrig synes folk efter den ulovlige invasion af Irak at være meget mindre tilbøjelige til at købe amerikanske produkter. Det er interessant, at der ikke tales om at boykotte engelske eller britiske produkter, men der tales meget om Israel. Baggrunden er den vellykkede aktion mod apartheid regimet i Sydafrika, mod Deutsche Shell i Nordsøen og mod den franske atomprøvesprængning i Polynesien; alle som del af den politiske scene i 1990erne. Der er nu mulighed for en genoplivning !

Nogle af de mange faktorer og forhold, der skal overvejes

En komplet boykot ville omfatte amerikanske forbrugsvarer, fra film, Coca Cola, McDonalds til biler og brændsel, kapitalvarer af enhver slags, især militært udstyr, finansvarer som dollars, ved i stedet at bruge Euro og Yen etc. til at sætte priser, indgå kontrakter, til turismen og også at undgå amerikanske kreditkortselskaber og flytte sine penge væk fra amerikanske obligationer og aktier, forlange at regeringerne ikke køber amerikansk og forlange, at firmaerne løsgør sig fra amerikanske firmaer, først fra de mest dadelværdige selskaber.

En delvis boykot kunne samle sig en et hvilket som helst udvalg af ovenstående.

Boykotten kunne omfatte alle amerikanske selskaber indenfor alle eller nogen brancher, eller et udvalg, passende de værste. Listen burde offentliggøres og betingelserne for at blive taget af listen burde klart tilkendegives.

Boykotten kunne måske få følge af en girl-kot, dvs. selektiv handel med de amerikanske selskaber, der kommer positivt ud i forhold til de anvendte kriterier (de som f.eks. har nogen militærkontrakter), eller bare kommer mindre ringe ud. Man kan også markere standpunktet, men formentlig mindre tydeligt, ved en girl-kot for selskaber med hovedkvarter i andre lande.

Formålet kunne være at ramme det amerikanske imperium som sådan, med dets koordinerede drab over hele verden; skabelse af enorme kløfter mellem elendighed og obskøn rigdom; politisk manipulation og forsøg på tvang i stedet for ligeværdig deltagelse i verdenspolitikken og “vi alene har svarene” i stedet for dialog.

Eller formålet kunne være mere begrænset, som f.eks. en tilbagetrækning fra Irak. I hvert tilfælde skal betingelserne, for at afbryde boykotten, være klart tilkendegivet.

At omdanne boykotten til en ændret politik

Den mekanisme, der kunne forvandle boykotten til en ændring i politikken, ville være det dilemma, som virksomhedernes beslutningstagere kom i imellem loyalitet overfor Washingtons geofascisme og deres egen profit, som kunne falde kraftigt under en sådan verdensomspændende boykot.

En amerikansk virksomheds profitrate ligger på omkring 6 %, hvilket betyder, at selv en beskeden deltagelse vil have en væsentlig indflydelse. Selv et fald i salget på 3 % vil formentlig aktivere dilemmaet, hvilket betyder, at det kan have effekt med en økonomisk boykot, og at den endda vil være let at stable på benene. Og alle kan deltage.

Boykot som et udtryk for en moralsk opfattelse og som forbrugermagt

Hertil kommer en anden og måske meget vigtigere mekanisme. Det er ikke bare faldet i salget eller sågar i de makroøkonomiske indikatorer, men også boykotten som udtryk for en moralsk holdning som vil meddele: Du er på gale veje, min ven, og vi giver dig ikke længere den skjulte moralske opbakning, der består i at købe dine vare og tjenester. Når du kommer på en bedre kurs, vil det ændres igen. Lad os sætte os ned og snakke om sagen !

Sandsynlige amerikanske modtræk

Da det amerikanske system udmærket ved dette, vil det naturligvis forsvare sig og de sandsynlige modtræk mod en boykot vil omfatte:

– pres på regeringer for at forbyde boykot; problematisk på grund af at markedets frihed er en væsentlig bestanddel af den neoliberale ideologi;

– selskaberne vil anmode Washington om kompensation; problematisk når man tænker på underskuddet i den amerikanske økonomi og på unionsbudgettet;

– indskrænke udgifterne ved at fyre flere arbejdere; problematisk fordi man allerede har udnyttet den mulighed for at øge profitten og de kollektive protester er allerede i stærk stigning;

– amerikansk boykot af produkter fra de lande, der boykotter; problematisk når man tænker på de amerikanske forbrugeres afhængighed af fremmede produkter (fra f.eks. Kina) og det kunne føre til stigende indkøb fra lande, der boykottes af USA.

Hvad der imidlertid er klart, er, at regeringer ikke, når man tager hensyn til den overvældende amerikanske militære magt, kan bruge deres økonomiske våben, økonomiske sanktioner. De kan bombes og deres adresser er givne ret så klart i modsætning til de diffuse “forbrugere”, som skifter fra amerikansk/engelske benzinstationer til andre.

Ikkevolds-aspekterne og alternativerne til markedet

Økonomisk boykot var meget vigtig i Gandhis måde at bekæmpe den engelske imperium på; og enhver boykot skal drage lære af Gandhiansk ikkevold. Formålet er at reducere og fjerne det amerikanske militære, økonomiske, politiske og kulturelle kvælertag på verden, ikke at dræbe amerikanske børn ved at ramme den amerikanske økonomi.

Et nødhjælpsprogram må overvejes for de i USA, som måtte lide under en verdensomspændende økonomisk boykot. Skydeskiven er det amerikanske imperium ikke den amerikanske republik.

Et andet væsentligt formål er at udvikle vor egen økonomiske kapacitet og ikke underkaste os “markedets logik”, som er så blind overfor lokale initiativer, lokale netværk og kulturer, virkningen på miljøet etc.

Af den årsag, er det vigtigt at holde kommunikations- og dialogkanaler åbne, forudsat at disse kanaler bruges rigtigt. Besøg i USA skal opmuntres, ligesom konferencer, for at kommunikere hvordan det amerikanske imperium skader verden og hvordan USA selv vil være den første til at nyde godt at dets fald.

Oversat fra engelsk som en public service af Orla Jordal, www.jordals.dk

© TFF and the author 2005

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