PressInfo #223 – Ekonomisk boykottsom ickevåld

johangaltung

Denna PressInfo finns också på engelska och danska – svenska versionen är lätt förkortad.

Allt fler talar om bojkott av amerikanska produkter. Särskilt i Tyskland och Frankrike förefaller många vara mycket mindre intresserade av att köpa amerikanska produkter efter USA:s illegala invasion av Irak.

Bakgrunden är de framgångsrika bojkotterna av den sydafrikanska apartheidregimen, av Deutsche Shell i Nordsjön och mot franska kärnvapenprov i Polynesien. Det finns nu skäl för att återuppliva metoden.

Några faktorer att överväga

En total bojkott skulle gälla alla amerikanska konsumtionsvaror, från filmer, Coca-Cola och Mc Donald till bilar och bränsle, kapitalvaror av alla slag och särskilt militära produkter. Den skulle också innebära att man inte använder dollar utan hellre t ex Euro, att man undviker amerikanska kreditkortföretag och inte köper amerikanska värdepapper. Krav ställs på regimer och företag att undvika amerikanska företag, särskilt de mest kritiserade.

En partiell bojkott kan fokusera på någondera av ovanstående. En bojkott kan rikta sig mot amerikanska företag inom alla eller några branscher eller genomföras genom att några väljs ut, förslagsvis de värsta. Listan bör publiceras och villkoren för att avföras från den ska anges tydligt.

En bojkott kan mycket väl kompletteras med en “girl-kott”? (Galtung använder en oöversättlig ordlek med girlkott som en motsats till boycott, övers. anm), där vissa amerikanska företag utpekas positivt, kanske för att de inte har militära kontrakt.

Aktionen kan vara riktad mot det amerikanska imperiet som sådant, med dess samordnade dödande över hela världen och dess sätt att skapa enorma klyftor mellan yttersta misär och obscen rikedom, med dess politiska manipulering, ständiga hot och ovilja till dialog. Men syftet kan också vara begränsat, som att USA ska lämna Irak. Viktigt är att villkoren för hävandet av bojkotten formuleras tydligt.

Hur kan bojkotten påverka politiken? Den är också en moralisk signal

Företagens beslutsfattare kommer att tvingas välja mellan lojaliteten till Washingtons geofascism och sina egna vinster, som kan sjunka dramatiskt vid en bojkott. Medelvinsten för företag i USA är sex procent, vilket innebär att en med tre procent sänkt försäljning kan komma att aktivera dilemmat.

Bojkott är fullt möjlig att genomföra och relativt enkel att organisera. Och alla kan delta!

En bojkott är ett uttryck för en moralisk hållning som uttrycker: Du är på fel väg, min vän. Vi kommer inte längre att ge dig vårt passiva stöd genom att köpa dina varor och tjänster. När du slår in på en bättre väg blir det annorlunda. Låt oss sitta ner och samtala! Med andra ord har konsumenterna makt. Produktionsmedlen är i händerna på de med kapital. Arbetare har inget val eftersom de kan ersättas av ny teknik. Men det finns inget som kan ersätta villiga konsumenter!

Sannolika amerikanska motdrag

Vid en bojkott kommer det amerikanska systemet att försvara sig. Med påtryckningar kommer man att försöka olagligförklara bojkotten. Men en fri marknad är grundläggande i den neoliberala ideologin. Företag kan be Washington om kompensation, – inte enkelt med tanke på underskotten i USA:s budget. Man kan avskeda arbetare, vilket redan skett för att öka vinsterna. Men protesterna mot detta är starka. USA kan bojkotta produkter från bojkottande länder. Men inte heller detta är enkelt, eftersom USA för konsumtionsvaror är starkt beroende av andra länder (som Kina).

Uppenbart är att länders regeringar inte kan använda ekonomiska sanktioner mot USA, med tanke på USA:s överväldigande militärmakt. De skulle rentav kunna bombas. Konsumenter som byter från amerikansk eller brittisk bensin till bensin från andra länder är en mycket mera diffus grupp.

Ickevåldets perspektiv

Ekonomisk bojkott var viktig när Mahatma Gandhi bekämpade det brittiska imperiet. Varje bojkott måste inspireras av Gandhis ickevåldshållning. Syftet är att minska och avlägsna USA:s kvävande militära, politiska och kulturella grepp om världen. Målet är USA-imperiet, inte republiken USA.

Ett nödhjälpsprogram för de svaga grupper i USA som drabbas bör därför övervägas. Det är viktigt att fortsätta en dialog. Därför ska besök i USA uppmuntras, liksom konferenser där man diskuterar hur det amerikanska imperiet skadar världen och hur USA självt skulle tjäna allra mest på dess fall.

Översättning: Sören Sommelius, TFF-rådgivare
Också tryck i Helsingborgs Dagblad på Kultursidan den 23:e juli 2005

© TFF and the author 2005

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