PressInfo #149 – Skyll inte på patientennär läkarens “fredsoperation” misslyckas

Detta är en uppföljning av PressInfo 148.

Vi fortsätter med att till den fredsskapande analysen lägga följande dimensioner:

Fredsprocessen

Förhandling är enda metoden.

Tonvikten läggs vid att “få dem till förhandlingsbordet”, dvs. vid förhandlingar och kompromisser. När man inte vet vad man skall göra, kallar man in en konferens!

Tänk om tonvikten hade lagts vid att först föra dialoger med var och en av parterna, dialoger grundade på att man aktivt lyssnar till vad de har att berätta, till vad som är deras fruktan och deras förhoppningar? Med andra ord, först djupgående förståelse och utvecklande av åtminstone en liten aning förtroende och ömsesidig respekt. Därefter skulle det då följa mer överläggningar/samtal och mer förtroende. Och slutligen några slags förhandlingar formade kring kärnfrågorna så som de definieras av parterna, i stället för en förhandlingsdagordning upprättad av regeringar i utlandet vilka var och en för sig söker främja sina egna intressen i regionen?

Tänk om kompromissprincipen hade skrotats och vi erkänt att ingen sida borde förväntas göra kompromisser när det gäller säkerhet, mänskliga rättigheter eller frihet? Om sändebud, utrikesministrar och presidenter hade varit professionella konfliktlösare skulle de ha vetat att kompromisser kan vara relevanta när en konflikt handlar om kvantiteter som mark eller pengar, men inte när den handlar om existentiella kvalitéer som värdighet, rättigheter, frihet och säkerhet.

Intellektuellt sett handlar kompromisser om att “mötas på mitten” eller “att gå en extra kilometer”. dvs att förlora någonting. Hela poängen är att kreativa lösningar syftar till att göra bägge sidor i en konflikt till vinnare genom att utforska framtida möjligheter som de måhända inte har sett just därför att de befinner sig i konflikt med varandra.

Deltagare

Hela tiden har fredsprocessen befolkats av ledare på toppnivå, regeringar och diplomater, på senaste tid inbegripet CIA. Tänk om civila grupper, ungdomar och kvinnor, fredsrörelser och respekterade personligheter inom kultur och idrott hade bjudits in för att delta i processen och bidra med sina (antagligen mycket mer kreativa) tankar om fredsprocessen? Om medierna är fria, skulle de väl kunna fråga bara vad CIA har för fredsmäklande egenskaper.

Medling

US-monopol

Förenta staterna har påtagit sig (och fått) monopol på att mäkla en lösning. Vi får gång efter annan höra att USA är den ende aktör som kan åstadkomma fred i Mellanöstern. Anledningen är inte att USA har imponerande fredsskapande meriter.

Raden av amerikanska fredsskapande misslyckanden växer för varje dag: Kroatien, Bosnien-Hercegovina, Kosovo, Macedonien, Somalia, Afghanistan, osv. Inte heller har någon av de av USA mäklade fredsplanerna för Mellanöstern fungerat. Anledningen är att US.A har makt, slagkraft och vapen. Och USA har “intressen” i regionen.

Tänk om det i det mångfaldiga fredsmäklandet i stället hade utvecklats något slags enighet i uppträdande mellan exempelvis Förenta staterna och Förenta nationerna, Europeiska unionen, OSSE och Arabförbundet? Och om regeringar och frivilligorganisationer hade samarbetetat ända från början?

Tänk om vi för länge sedan hade upprättat en OSSE-liknande process som inte bara täckte in denna konflikt utan även den större region där konflikten ingår? Därigenom kunde man ha tagit sig an processen att integrera frågor gällande politik, ekonomi, kultur och säkerhet till ett enda större forum och, efterhand, utvecklat ett mångsidigt fredspaket som alla parter har del i.

Tänk om – återigen – lokala israeliska, palestinska och regionala frivilligorganisationer hade bjudits in tillsammans med internationella frivilligorganisationer som har speciella insikter i denna region?

Fredsmäklande med personliga egenskaper

Förenta staterna skickar CIA (Tenet) och en marinofficer (Zinni) som saknar yrkesmässig kompetens att ställa diagnos på eller behandla konflikter. När allt misslyckas skickas utrikesminister Powel till området (april 2002). I nyhetsrapporteringen får vi höra att han är på fredsuppdrag, att han nu är enda hoppet, att freden i Mellanöstern vilar på denne mans axlar.

Tänk om fredsmäklandet och medlingen äntligen uppfattades som en komplicerad process som kräver arbetsgrupper av yrkesutbildade enskilda personer som kommer från många och olika organisationer och som har olika färdigheter och bakgrund?

Tänk om fler länder och organisationer skickades – tillsammans med diplomaterna – på fredsuppdrag som är så komplicerade som detta? Tänk om dessa arbetsgrupper innehöll experter på området, folk med olika religiös tro (judar, kristna, muslimer, givetvis, men också buddhister, gandhianhängare och kväkare), socialarbetare, psykologer och andra som vet något om hur folk tänker och beter sig i en djup, långvarig konflikt?

Tänk om västvärldens paradigm av snabba positionsbestämningar, militära påtryckningar och fredsmäklande Messiasfigurer hade igenkänts som vad det är: bedrägeri, storhetsvansinne, propaganda, självförhävelse (välj det ord som önskas) – och totalt orealistiskt? Ingen enskild individ har någonsin bringat varaktig fred till någon komplicerad konflikt, men det finns många hugade spekulanter för att ta åt sig äran för ett “fredsavtal”.

Cykeln av krig och fred

Grundformeln förblir eldupphör åtföljd av någon överenskommelse baserad på territorium.

Tänk om vi i stället såg cykeln som en helhet, från grundorsakerna i det förflutna till det nuvarande, och fokuserade särskilt på framtiden?

Tänk om vi försökte fokusera på önskningarna om framtid och förhoppningar såsom de ses av vanliga medborgare?

Tänk om medlarna hade använt alla goda uppslag till att locka fram konstruktiv, framtidsinriktad energi av medborgare från alla sidor; det är ju deras framtid som ligger i vågskålen?

Tänk om vi hade hört bara en enda ledare/medlare säga: det verkliga problemet är inte det förgångna utan framtiden. Uppgiften är att föreställa sig olika scenarier för en bra framtid, inte minst för dem som i dag är barn och ungdomar. Låt oss därför ställa frågan: Hur hjälper vi alla att utveckla tolerans, ömsesidig respekt, försoning och förlåtelse?.Hur hjälper vi folk att röra sig från fruktan till hopp, från hat till tolerans – eftersom INGEN fredsöverenskommelse om territorium eller maktdelning någonsin blir hållbar om vi inte gör det.

Förändra fokus och lär av misstagen

Samanfattningsvis är det dags för oss att ställa kritiska frågor om fredsmäklarna snarare än om krigsmäklarna. Tvärt emot de vanliga föreställningarna är fredsmäklare som Förenta staterna en del av problemet och inte lösningen. Om än ingen krigsmäklare är fredsmäklare, så tycks i vart fall en del fredsmäklare i ökande utsträckning vara bägge delarna. Och det är miljonerna av vanliga medborgare som får betala för detta, antingen som skattebetalare i västvärlden eller som offer för fredsmäklarspelet.

© TFF 2002

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