PressInfo #155 – Intet behov for en krig mod Irak

London – Af de 3 alvorlige krige, som USA har udkæmpet siden 1945 – Korea, Vietnam og Golfkrigen, endte en med nederlag og to uafgjort – ikke rigtig nogen strålende historie.

En Irakkrig kunne på samme måde ende uafgjort. Saddam Hussein er ikke Taliban. En krig vil kræve en storstilet invasion af en engelsk – amerikansk landstyrke, som utvivlsomt ville lide væsentlige tab. Det ville også forudsætte baser og denne gang er Saudi Arabien, hovedbasen fra Golfkrigen, meget utilbøjelig til at acceptere denne opgave. Og endelig, hvad gør Amerika, hvis Saddam beslutter at anvende de frygtelige våben, han hævdes at besidde? En ting er for ham at bruge dem, hele verden ved, at han er en børste – men hvad hvis USA og England også bruger dem, de vil blive bedømt med en helt anden standard.

USA blev umådelig vanæret ved at bruge napalm i Vietnam, og napalm er intet sammenlignet med nutidens kemiske, biologiske eller kernevåben. Desuden ville Irak sikkert kun bruge sine våben mod tropper. Hvis USA og England gengældte, ville det være uundgåeligt, at civile irakere blev ramt ligeså hårdt som dets militær. Og hvad sker der, hvis USA og England simpelthen sidder fast? Hvordan klarer de det stigende ubehag ved tabslisten hjemme? Og hvordan klarer de de bitre anti-amerikanske følelser i den arabiske verden? Hvordan kæmper USA på en anden front, hvis der skulle komme en krig et andet sted, når nu Pentagon netop har opgivet sit mål om at være i stand til samtidigt at udkæmpe to regionale krige?

Har præsident Bush bedre nerver end præsident Lyndon Johnson, der engang var den ubøjelige, før hans fysiske og moralske sammenbrud i løbet af Vietnamkrigen? Har vicepræsident Dick Cheney mere stål i sjælen end den stålsatte Robert McNamara, Johnson’s forsvarsminister, som senere indrømmede, at han startede på vejen mod tilbagetrækning ved en modig protesterendes barske beslutning om at ødelægge sig selv foran Pentagon? Ikke mindst, hvordan vil Amerika stå ved slutningen af en sådan krig, specielt når en stor del af verden ved, at man ikke havde noget svar til dem, der argumenterede med at inddæmningen virkede, mere eller mindre?

Ikke mærkeligt, at der er velbegrundede rapporter om, at både Pentagons generaler og den britiske generalstab argumenterer mod dette eventyr. Netop nu virker det som krigstromlen er umulig at stoppe. Sidste uge var der rapporter om, at England trak deres tropper hjem fra Bosnien, så de kunne være klare til en indsats i Irak. Ydermere, den kendsgerning, at USA endnu ikke har lagt hånd på Osama bin Laden, dets angivne grund til at gå i krig mod Taliban, kunne give anledning at tro, at Bush er under stigende pres for at øge indsatsen og vælte Saddam Hussein, der har en fast adresse, hvor man kan finde ham (Det er på dette punkt, at de civile høge og det militære etablissement skilles – de militære beholder deres job, selvom der ikke bliver nogen ny krig; de civile taber deres, hvis Bush taber politisk troværdighed og taber næste valg).

Hvordan kan man så forhindre, hvad der kan blive en ødelæggende krig efterfulgt af et endnu mere ødelæggende dødvande eller måske en amerikansk ydmygelse? Det er ikke nok at håbe på, at Bush og Cheney bliver opslugt af en eller anden Texansk regnskabsskandale. Eller at tro, at Colin Powells tilbagetrædning alvorligt ville forstyrre Det hvide Hus, når det engang har sat sin kurs. Det var Colin Powell, der som formand for Joint Chiefs of Staff, modsatte sig anvendelsen af kernevåben under den første golfkrig.

Selvom det lyder usandsynligt første gang man hører det, så går vejen til at undgå krig med Irak gennem Pyongyang. Altså ikke bogstaveligt, men det handler om den vej, som Jimmy Carter brolagde med sin historiske fredsrejse til Nordkorea for at forhandle med Kim Il Sung. På det tidspunkt var Nordkorea og USA på kollisionskurs på grund af tegn på, at Nordkorea var ved at skaffe sig atomvåben.

Præsident William Clinton havde på sit bord et overslag, der viste, at en krig kunne føre til 50.000 døde amerikanske soldater og ødelæggelsen af meget af Seoul. Nordkorea modtager nu mere amerikansk hjælp end noget andet asiatisk land og de vestlige allierede bygger to letvandsreaktorer til det. Til gengæld har Nordkorea standset sin plutoniumfabrikation. Trods al bralren op om “ondskabens akse” har Bush administrationen ikke annulleret denne handel. Hvad kunne få Saddam Hussein til at samarbejde? Det første måtte være en offentlig tilkendegivelse fra Washington – en som 3 efterfølgende administrationer har nægtet at give – at man ikke længere vil have fjernet Saddam Hussein før man vil overveje at afslutte sanktionerne.

For det andet en klar udtalelse om, at sanktionerne bliver ophævet, hvis et nyt inspektionshold ikke finder beviser på masseødelæggelsesvåben. For det tredje et program for Iraks genintegrering i verdensøkonomien. Og for det fjerde en parallel hurtig anstrengelse fra Washington for at få etableret en uafhængig palæstinsk stat i overensstemmelse med de principper, der blev fremlagt af kronprins Abdullah af Saudi Arabien.

Intet af dette vil skaffe os af med Saddam Hussein eller bringe demokrati eller en bedre overholdelse af menneskerettigheder til det irakiske folk. Men det vil sandsynligvis undgå en forfærdelig krig, den værste af alle menneskelige ugerninger.

© TFF 2002

Oversættelse ved Orla Jordal

Foreign affairs columnist, film-maker and author

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