Fatalne greske na kojima pociva intervencija NATO-a u Jugoslaviji

USI, (United Services Institute), Nju Delhi

6 april 1999.

Satis Nambijar, general-potpukovnik indijske vojske (u penziji)
(Od 3. Marta 1993. bio je prvi komandant Vojnih snaga i sef Misije UN-a rasporedjene u bivsoj Jugoslaviji – pre toga je bio pomocnik Nacelnika Staba indijske vojske. Danas radi u Institutu za Zajednicke sluzbe Indije)

Moje jednogodisnje iskustvo steceno na mestu Komandanta Vojnih snaga i sefa Misije UN-a u bivsoj Jugoslaviji daje mi dobar uvid u fatalne greske koje prave SAD i NATO u ovom napacenom regionu. Vecini onih koji razvoj dogadjaja na Balkanu prate od pocetka ove decenije, a narocito od pocetka borbi posle nastanka Slovenije, Hrvatske, Bosne i Hercegovine i BJR Makedonije, jasno je da je Kosovo bilo bure baruta koje samo ceka da eksplodira. Izgleda da je Zapad krivo naucio sve sto je mogao da nauci u predhodnim ratovima u susedstvu a onda je takvo znanje primenio na Kosovu.

Oslikati Srbe kao zle dok su svi ostali dobri ne samo da je kontraproduktivno nego nije ni posteno. Po mom iskustvu sve strane su bile krive, no jedino Srbi su bili spremni da priznaju da oni nisu andjeli dok su svi ostali insistirali da jesu. S 28.000 vojnika pod mojom komandom a u stalnom kontaktu sa sluzbenicima UNHCR-a i Medjunarodnog Crvenog krsta, nisam zapazio nikakav genocid osim ubistava i masakra koje su cinile sve strane, takvih kakvi su i inace tipicni za uslove pod kojima se ovaj sukob tada vodio. Verujem da ni bilo ko od mojih naslednika ili njihovih vojnika nije video nista slicno onome sto su jos tada tvrdili mediji.

Meni je bilo jasno da ako je Slovencima, Hrvatima i Bosnjacima dato pravo da se otcepe od Jugoslavije, onda su isto takvo pravo na otcepljenje zasluzivali i Srbi iz Hrvatske i Bosne. Iskustva stecena politikom komadanja Irske ili Indije istina nisu ni malo prijatna, ali u slucaju Jugoslavije zemlja se i onako vec bila raspala. Za mene je malo smisla imalo odrzavati multietnicku Bosnu posto se vec sira a multietnicka Jugoslavija nije odrzala. Predhodne unutrasnje granice Jugoslavije, koje po medjunarodnom pravu i onako nisu imale ni najmanju vrednost trebalo je iznova iscrtati u trenutku u kom je Zapad odlucio da prihvati raspad – isto kao sto se uradilo u Irskoj 1921. ili u Pendzabu 1947. Propustena prilika da se to uradi dovela je u pitanje i Kosovo kao integralni deo Srbije.

Ironicno je da se Sporazum iz Dejtona sustinski skoro i ne razlikuje od Plana iz Lisabona koji su napravili portugalski Ministar Spoljnih poslova, Kutiljero i predstavnik Britanije, Lord Karington, a na koji su sve tri strane pristale i pre nego sto je bilo ko poginuo. Od njega se puno nije razlikovao ni od kasniji Vans-Ovenov plan koji je i Karadzic bio spreman da potpise. Jedan od glavnih problema je tada bio i ostao taj da americka administracija nije bila spremna da se pomiri sa cinjenicom da i Srbi mogu da imaju legitimna prava i opravdane prigovore.

Secam se kad nam je stigao Dzordz Keni, sluzbenik Stejt Departmenta, kao i mnogi americki zvanicnici pre njega, bljujuci osude protiv Srba zbog agresije i genocida. Ponudio sam mu pratnju i mogucnost da ode na teren i uveri se sam da nista od onog sto je izgovorio nije tacno. Prihvatio je moju ponudu i posle toga napravio radikalan zaokret. Ali ostali Amerikanci su i dalje videli i slusali samo jednu stranu a potpuno ignorisali drugu. Takvim ponasanjem necemo doci do mira nego samo do jos jacih sukoba.

Sve vreme sam osecao kako je Jugoslavija tragedija koju su proizveli mediji. Zapadni mediji imaju obicaj da sve medjunarodne krize sagledavaju crno-belo, da dogadjaje predstavljaju senzacionalisticki kako bi ih njihova javnost lakse svarila. Slika koju ja danas vidim pred sobom pokazuje da su svi Srbi isterani iz Hrvatske i iz Muslimansko-Hrvatske federacije, verujem ukupno oko 850.000 ljudi. A paznja medija je i dalje usmerena samo na ovih 500.000 Albanaca (prema poslednjim podacima) koji su izbaceni s Kosova. Zapadna politika je napravila etnicki cistu veliku Hrvatsku i etnicki cistu Muslimansku drzavicu u Bosni. Pa onda, zasto ne bi i Srbija bila etnicki cista? Brojne propustene prilike da se rascisti s ovako dvostrukim standardima su i dovele do ovoga.

Za vreme moje poslednje posete Americi pocetkom marta 1999. posmatrao sam kako se polako razvija ruzna tragedija na Kosovu i u tome uspeo da prepoznam vec vodjene sablone. Iz mog iskustva sa slicnim situacijama u Indiji, Kasmiru, Asamu, Nagalandu i dr. znam da je osnovna strategija etnickih grupa koje traze otcepljenje da svojim akcijama isprovociraju drzavnu vlast. Standardni postupak terorista predstavlja ubistvo policajca jer to po pravilu izazive zestoku odmazdu drzave, na nacin za koji verujem da se praktikuje i u Americi. Sumnjam da su vlasti u Beogradu jos od ranije imale nameru da isteraju Albance s Kosova. Moguce je da su se odlucili da vasingtonski Plan za Krajinu primene samo u slucaju da NATO pocne s bombardovanjem ili mozda ta proterivanja predstavljaju nista vise od spontanih osvetnickih akcija srpskih snaga na terenu u znak odmazde zbog bombardovanja. OEBS-ovi monitori su sasvim dobro radili svoj posao, a i jugoslovenska vlada je na kraju pokazala dobru volju da prihvati skoro sve odredbe Sporazuma iz Rambujea koje su se odnosile na prekid vatre, veci stepen autonomije za Albance itd.

Jedino na cemu su insistirali je da o statusu Kosova kao delu Srbije nema sta da se pregovara a nisu se saglasili ni sa stacioniranjem NATO snaga na teritoriji Jugoslavije. To je u potpunosti identicno onom sto bi i Indija uradila u istim okolnostima. Zapad je taj koji je nastavio da situaciju eskalira do danasnjeg besmislenog bombardovanja kojim izaziva samo jos veci broj povredjenih ega, vise osvete i odmazde. Nema razlike izmedju moralnosti NATO-vog bombardovanja za koje veruju kako ce terorom naterati Srbe na predaju i akcija koje sprovode srpske snage na Kosovu. Jugoslaviji je postavljen ultimatum da ce ukoliko ne potpise sve uslove sporazuma zacrtanog u Rambujeu NATO poceti da bombarduje. Ultimatumi nisu sastavni element diplomatije. Oni predstavljaju ratni cin. Albance koji trazee nezavisnost laskanjem i ulagivanjem su nagovorili da potpisu dokument motivirajuci ih nadom da ce prvo NATO bombardovati Srbe a nezavisnost ce da usledi posle toga. Dobivsi njihove potpise NATO je sam sebe moralno ovlastio i uzeo za pravo da pocne vojnu akciju protiv zemlje koja je u najgorem slucaju samo bila preostra prema svojim stanovnicima. 24. marta 1999, NATO je otpoceo napade krstarecim projektilima i bombama. Napao je Jugoslaviju, suverenu drzavu, osnivackog clana Ujedinjenih Nacija i Pokreta nesvrstanih. Ustremio se protiv naroda koji je drzao prvu borbenu liniju u bitkama sa Nacistickom Nemackom i ostalim fasistima tokom Drugog svetskog rata.

Smatram da su ove danasnje operacije uveliko ispod casti velikih sila. Korektno je medjutim da svoju paznju obratimo na humanitarnu dimenziju problema, jer su nevini uvek ti koji su izlozeni preseljavanju, bolu i patnji.

Na zalost, u svim situacijama slicnim ovoj i u svim gradjanskim ratovima, pobunama, nemirima, teroristickim akcijama, ovakav ishod je tragicna ali neminovna realnost. Istorija je prepuna primera ovakvih stradanja: u americkom gradjanskom ratu, Severnoj Irskoj, Baskijski pokret u Spaniji, Cecenija, Angola, Kambodza i u brojni drugi slucajevi, bombardovanje u tepisima na slepo brijnih gradova tokom Drugog svetskog rata, Hirosima i Nagasaki, Vijetnam, spisak je beskonacan. Ubedjen sam da je ovo tragedija koju smo mogli da izbegnemo. Nazalost, najveci prioritet je dat egu i kredibilitet NATO-a, veci i od iskrenih i opravdanih prigovora Srba koje je trebalo staviti nasuprot odgovarajucih prigovora Albanaca.

Potpuno suprotno onom sto se cuje i vidi na CNN-u, BBS-u i drugim zapadnim agencijama, na dnevnim brifinzima u NATO-u itd, krivicu za nastalu humanitarnu krizu ne mozemo iskrcati samo pred jugoslovenska vrata. Najveci deo te odgovornosti ipak pripada NATO-u. U sustini, ako mi je dozvoljeno da prosudim po vlastitom iskustvu prvog komandira Snaga UN-a i prvog sefa Misije Ujedinjenih Nacija u bivsoj Jugoslaviji od marta1992 do marta 1993 gde sam rukovodio operacijama u Hrvatskoj, Bosni i Hercegovini i Makedoniji, onda s punim pravom mogu da izjavim da su upravo izvestaji u elektronskim medijima ti koji su u najvecoj meri direktno izazvali ovu veliku tragediju.

Gde se u svemu tome nalazi medjunarodna zajednica koja se, molim da i ovo bude zabelezeno, ne sastoji samo od SAD-a, Zapada i njihovih novo-otkrivenih muslimanskih saveznika?

Izgledi za buducnost, barem za onu blisku, zbilja su mracni. Ujedinjene Nacije su potpuno odbacene, neefikasne i potpuno nemocne.

Zapadni svet pod vodjstvom SAD-a, se sprema da uspostavi nova moralna nacela, kojih ce se svi ostali morati pridrzavati. Ni najmanje im ne smeta cinjenica da bas oni sami ta nacela odbace ili zaobidju kad god im tako odgovara. Drzavni suverenitet i teritorijalni integritet vise ne predstavljaju svetinju. I na kraju, secesionisticki pokreti koji najcesce pocinju upravo kroz teroristicke aktivnosti, su ovim dobili veliko ohrabrenje. Coveku ne preostaje drugo nego da se nada da ce razum ipak preovladati, i to sto pre.

Gen.p.puk. Satis Nambiar, Direktor USI-Nju Delhi, april 1999.

First Force Commander and Head of Mission of the United Nations Forces deployed in the former Yugoslavia 03 Mar 92 to 02 Mar 93. Former Deputy Chief of Staff, Indian Army. Currently, Director of the United Services Institution of India.

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