Global Vandkunst – forslag om nyt vandprojekt

Af Mikael Witte

6 augusti 2002

Hver eneste gågade i Danmark er vist forsynet med en vandkunst. Kaskader, rislende og perlende, springende og strømmende vand i tilsyneladende uendelige mængder. Lignende kan opleves i udlandet. I Kassel, hjemby for den internationale Documenta-ud-stilling, er etableret en vandkunst ned gennem hele den skrånende gågade. I Amsterdam og Venedig gør de menne-skeskabte kanaler det ud for gader. Og Stockholm ville ikke være sig selv uden Skærgårdens vandskab.

Kunst-nere har længe dyrket vand. Vand er uendeligt. Vand er vedvarende. Vand er tidløst. Derfor kunne den japanske Hokusai (1790-1949) igen og igen fortrylle sit publikum med træsnit af blåhvide skumsprøjt og bølger. I dag kan den amerikanske fotograf Roni Horn udsende et storværk ‘Dictionary of Water’ – 96 næroptagelser af Themsens bølger og blanke vand. (89 euro, Edition 7 L)

Man behøver ikke være tørstig for at forstå at vand både er liv og kultur. Vand er det mest basale element for enhver civilisation.

Kan vandet ikke renses spredes sygdomme og epidemier overalt. Bakteriefyldt vand spredes også i høsten og husdyrhold. Elementære foranstaltninger som at koge vand er ikke længere tilstrækkeligt – for slet ikke at nævne, at når der ikke er tilstrækkeligt vand, så er der formodentlig heller ingen træ at brænde, så vandet ville kunne koges.

Denne elendighed er velkendt i store dele af verden, hvor den forklares og accepteres som del af naturens ubøn-hørlige luner.

I begyndelsen af juni havde Danmark besøg af professor Thomas J. Nagy fra George Washington University. På Carsten Niebuhr-instituttet ved Københavns Universitet talte han om vand i det grækerne kaldte Mesopotamien, det frodige land mellem floderne Eufrat og Tigris, et af Jordens ældste kulturlande, sumerernes, babylonernes og assyrernes hjemsted.

Professor Nagy holdt imidlertid ikke foredrag om vand i fortiden, men om vandkvalitet i dagens Irak. Han forsker i folkesundhed, og i 1998 undersøgte han konsekvenserne af at USA havde brugt granater med forarmet uran mod Irak under Golfkrigen i 1991.

Derved fik han adgang til enorme mængder tidligere hemmelig-stemplede dokumenter fra det amerikanske forsvars efterretningstjeneste, Defense Intelligence Agency.

Ifølge professor Nagy var det gruopvækkende dokumenter der beviser ‘at det er hævet over enhver tvivl, at den amerikanske regering i modstrid med Geneve-Konventionen med vilje brugte sanktioner mod Irak for at nedbryde landets vandforsyning efter Golfkrigen. USA vidste, hvilken pris den irakiske civilbefolkning, især børn, ville komme til at betale, men fortsatte alligevel sit forehaven-de.’

Det ældste dokument Nagy kan fremlægge er fra 22. januar 1991, altså fra den ældre præsident Bush regeringstid. Dokumentet bærer titlen ‘Svagheder ved den irakiske vandbehandling’ og forklarer detaljeret, hvordan sanktioner kan hindre Irak i at forsyne sine borgere med rent drikke-vand.

‘Irak er afhængig af at importere specialiseret udstyr og visse kemikalier til rensning af sin vandforsyning, hvoraf størstedelen er fyldt med mineraler og ofte er stillestående eller saltholdigt vand,’ fastslår dokumentet.

Det fortsætter: ‘Da Irak ikke råder over hjemlige for-synings-kilder af hverken reservedele til vandbehandling og nogle væsentlige kemikalier, vil landet forsøge at omgå FN’s sanktioner for at importere disse vitale produkter. Hvis det ikke lykkes at sikre forsyninger, kommer der til at blive mangel på rent drikkevand til en stor del af befolkningen. Dette ville igen kunne føre til en stigende udbredelse af sygdom og måske epidemier.’

Dokumentet gennemgår en række tekniske detaljer om-kring kilderne og kvaliteten af Iraks vandforsyning. Man kan læse, at kvaliteten af ubehandlet drikkevand ‘generelt er ringe’, og ved at drikke det ‘er der risiko for at få diarré’.

Det bemærkes endvidere, at irakiske floder indeholder biologisk materiale, er forurenede og fyldte med bakterier. Hvis vandet ikke behandles med klor kan der opstå epidemier af sygdomme som for eksempel kolera, hepatitis og tyfus, forklarede professor Nagy i København.

I det nu frigivne dokumentet fra efterretningsvæsenet nævnes at der er forbud mod indførsel af klor. Og ud-trykkeligt konstateres: ‘De seneste rapporter melder om kritisk lav import af klor.’

Dokumentet taler om eventuelle irakiske modforanstaltninger for at opnå drikkeligt vand på trods af sanktionerne. ‘Det er tænkeligt, at Irak kunne transportere vand på lastbiler ned fra bjergene til byområder, men muligheden for at få tilstrækkelige mængder frem er yderst begrænset’, konkluderes i dokumentet.

Selv om USA har udpeget Irak som del af ondskabens akse, så beskytter verdenssamfundet den irakiske befolkning gennem Geneve-Konventionen. Ifølge den er det ‘forbudt at angribe, ødelægge, fjerne eller ubrugeliggøre genstande, der er absolut nødvendige for over-levelsen af civilbefolkningen, så som levnedsmidler, afgrøder, dyrehold, drikkevandsinstallationer og forsyninger samt overrislings-anlæg, med det præcise formål at fratage såvel civilbe-folkningen som modstanderen deres næringsmid-ler, uanset om dette sker for ved udsultning af befolkningen at få denne til at flytte væk, eller af en hvilken som helst anden grund.’

Men det er netop hvad den amerikanske regering bevidst har gjort, konstaterede professor Nagy.

FNs tidligere humanitære koordinatorer for Irak Hans von Sponneck og Denis J. Halliday nedlagde deres hverv i hhv. 1998 og 2000 i protest mod de moralsk uforsvarlige konsekvenser af FN’s politik over for Irak.

Siden deres fratræden har de begge argumenteret kraftigt for en ‘øjeblikkelig ophævelse af økonomiske sanktioner mod Irak’. Deres seneste initiativ var en helsides annonce i International Herald Tribune den 20. marts i år, under-skrevet af flere end 250 personligheder og organisationer.

I annoncen skrev de bl.a.: ‘Sanktionerne som er påtvunget det irakiske folk i mere end et årti er en af vor tids store uretfærdig-heder. De har bragt sult og sygdom til millioner af uskyldige irakere. UNICEF har vist at de økonomiske sanktioner har medvirket til en halv million børns død. For perioden 1990-2000 konstaterede UNICEF at ud af de 188 lande, det undersøgte, havde Irak lidt under den største forandring til det værre med hensyn til dødsraten for børn under fem år. Børnedødelighedsniveauet i Irak blev mere end dobbelt så stor i løbet af dette årti.

Dette er ikke blot en forbrydelse mod Iraks børn og millioner af irakiske familier. Det er en krænkelse af internationalt anerkendte menneskerettigheder og humani-tære standarder.’

En halv million børn under fem år døde af beskidt drikke-vand i den tid amerikansk styrede sanktioner har forhindret Irak i at importere udstyr til vandrensning. Denne for-brydelse mod menneskeden kræver både et etisk og æstetisk svar. Derfor foreslår jeg at vi sammen skaber en global vandkunst!

Første trin er skabt af Thomas J. Nagy, Hans von Sponneck og Denis J. Halliday. De har researchet og fremlagt deres dokumentation.

Andet trin er den nationale opbakning. Da retten til liv er en funda-mental menneskeret må danske politikere støtte vandkunsten i Irak. Derfor opfordrer jeg MF Gitte See-berg, udenrigspolitisk ordfører for Det konservative Folkeparti, MF Troels Lund Poulsen, udenrigspolitisk ordfører for Venstre, og MF Jeppe Kofod, udenrigspolitisk ordfører for Socialdemokratiet, til at pålægge udenrigsminister Per Stig Møller internationalt at forlange øjeblikkelig ophævelse af de økonomiske sanktioner mod Irak.

Tredie trin er den internationale opbakning. Udenrigsminister Per Stig Møller skal udnytte sin internationale status til at sikre at sanktionerne ophæves.

Fjerde trin er USAs finansiering af vandkunsten i Irak. Ifølge WHO dør årligt 2,3 millioner børn under fem år som følge af vandbårne sygdomme. Ifølge professor Nagy kan man undgå det for ni milliarder dollar om året. Det beløb burde USA yde som et mindesmærke for de døde børn i Irak.

Femte trin er glæden over den globale vandkunst der er skabt med ønsket om bedre liv for flere.

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