Gandhis fotspår 10 Väst som pop, Indien som Bach

Min Indienresa går mot sitt slut. Jag har träffat buddhistiska ungdomar från Tibet och uppsökt historiska platser och ashrams förknippade med Gandhi. Jag har besökt hinduernas heligaste stad, Varanasi eller Benares, och sett hur människor söker frälsning i Ganges kolibakteriefyllda vatten och hur gamla väntar på att dö och få sina kroppar uppeldade på stora brasor innan askan förs bort med floden.

Ganges-floden, Varanasi – Photo Jan Öberg, © TFF 2001

Jag har tillika besökt platser centrala för buddhismen – Bodghaya där unga Gautama nådde upplysning under pipal-trädet och Sarnath, där han först talade till sina lärjungar.

Pipalträdet, Bodghaya – här uppnådde Gautama “enlightenment” – Photo Jan Öberg, © TFF 2001

Jag for till Rajgai där Buddha levde under 12 år och såg den egendomliga klippformation, Gridhakuta, där det sägs att han höll sina viktigaste föreläsningar.

Ingången till ett tempel i badanläggningen i Rajgai – Photo Jan Öberg, © TFF 2001

Där upplevde jag också den enorma, magnifika Fredspagoden, byggd av den japanska Nichiren-buddhistiska munken Nichidatsu Sufujii Gurujin i Rajgiri Hills. I samband med honom stöter jag åter på Gandhi. Gurujin föddes 1885, kom till Indien 1931 och träffade Gandhi. De blev vänner och Gandhi inkluderade från det året buddhistiska mantra som “nam-myo-ho-renge-kyo” i sina ekumeniska andakter. Guruji byggde över 70 fredspagoder över hela världen och dog 101 år gammal.

Om Guruji som byggde 70 fredspagoder och blev Gandhis vän, Rajgai – Photo Jan Öberg, © TFF 2001

Jag har alltid tyckt att det fanns stora likheter mellan Gandhis och Buddhas tänkande och handlande. Kanske jag har hittat en – av flera – nycklar just i Rajgai? Jag lägger denna till den redan långa lista över frågor som jag måste undersöka närmare när allt detta ska bli till en bok. Indien är omtumlande. Men jag känner inget behov av att veta alla detaljer eller göra akademiska analyser.

Jag kom till Indien för att uppleva, för att fundera över mitt liv, över Väst och resten av världen. Jag känner mig rikare nu.

Fredspagodan på toppen av berget utanför Rajgai – Photo Jan Öberg, © TFF 2001

I den första av mina tio artiklar i HD skrev jag att Indien egentligen är en omöjlighet. Nu måste jag erkänna att det särskilt gäller om man kommer hit med ett västligt programmerat intellekt. Indien är egentligen också obegripligt. Jag har spenderat två månader, simple living, ganska nära vardagslivet och människorna. Ändå har jag bara sett en bråkdel; inte varit söder om Bombay eller öster om Gandhis ashram in Sevagram. Men jag har lärt den viktigaste läxan: att man måste rensa sin själ och sitt tänkande från så många fördomar man kan för att vara öppen i mötet med detta lika fascinerande som frustrerande land.

Det finns ingen enkel sanning i någon fråga. Har man sagt om en sak i Indien att “så här är det” så måste man omedelbart också tillägga att “men såhär är det också” eller “i själva verket är det jag just sagt bara en del av sanningen därför att man kan egentligen också säga att det förhåller sig precis tvärtom”.

Denna gränslösa komplexitet, denna urindiska “enhet i mångfald” gjorde mig mer ödmjuk. Den får mig att under två månader se min egen Västvärld, Occidenten, som aningen banal, som pseudo- eller pop-kultur med snabba rytmer, glitter och ytliga sanningar som dunka-dunkas in i oss själva och alla andra. Väst som popschlager, Indien som Johan Sebastian Bach!

Gudafigur i Jain-templet i Bombai – Photo Jan Öberg, © TFF 2001

Jag grips av den svindlande tanke att mycket av det vi byggt upp i Väst kanske inte kommer att hålla så länge som detta märkligt svaga, krisdrabbade och ändå majestätiskt starka Indien? Kanske är Indiens styrka att landet inte utvecklas i vår mening utan mera är, existerar, andas långsamt och sparar sin civilisatoriska energi till framtiden?

Karl Marx gjorde på sin tid otroligt nedlåtande beskrivningar av Indien. Man kan ändå i dag fråga om religion fungerar som ett opium för befolkningen. Man är född in i en kast, det är ett synnerligen individuellt, atomiserat samhälle, bara en elit har stor mobilitet, bara lite under hälften av alla i Indien kan läsa och skriva. Lever du sedan i slummen eller/och är kvinna – ja, då har du ingen chans. Livet och hoppet måste ligga bortom nuet och tingen.

Känslan av fastlåsthet, av ett hårt samhälle där alla ser varandra som konkurrenter, har stannat hos mig. Taxichaufförer hamnar i knytnävskamp för att tjäna en krona på mig. Lojaliteten riktar sig mest vertikalt, till den överordnade, till de som har makten – inklusive diverse gudar – inte horisontellt till dem som är i samma situation som du själv. Det blir ingen kollektiv revolution här inte! Det finns mycket krypande, falsk hövlighet och äkta underdånighet. Det finns mycket psykologiskt våld kopplat till samhällsstrukturers våld.

Detta är det hårda Indien. Till det hör också den politiska cynism, korruptionen, de groteska klasskillnaderna, kärnvapnen, miljöförstörelsen och, inte minst, kvinnoförtrycket.

Slumområde i Mumbai, bara några hundra meter ifrån… – Photo Jan Öberg, © TFF 2001

Samtidigt är det kolossalt imponerande hur Indien stolt förblivit sig självt – inte västligt, inte östligt, men just indiskt. I det mjuka Indien finns det spirituella, medvetandet om att livet inte bara handlar om det materiella, här finns filosofien, litteraturen, Gandhianismen; här blandas världsreligionerna, här finns det Indien som gett resten av världen så mycket och som gav det brittiska imperiet en läxa en gång för alla men utan att hata. I det mjuka Indien är tidsrytmen långsam. Seklers invasioner från alla världshörn har inte kunnat kuva Indien.

…Mumbais magnifika moské – Photo Jan Öberg, © TFF 2001

Dessa Indiens båda sidor tycks sammanfattade i figuren Gandhi. Landsfader och -moder i en och samma kropp, stark individualist på kollektivets vägnar, självmedveten utöver alla gränser och ödmjukt experimenterande med livet självt. Han var hindu, kristen, muslim och buddhist och skruvade ändå ihop sin egen eklekticistiska livsåskådning enligt vilken Sanning är Gud och Gud är Sanning.

Och när man sagt just detta måste man retirera: Gandhi var det rakt motsatta av Indien. Han skulle, tror jag, bli djupt deprimerat om han plötsligt dök upp i dagens Indien. Och han skulle vara regeringens fiende nummer ett och permanent bakom galler.

Jag blev inte förälskad i Indien så det kan inte göra mig besviken när jag reser dit igen – och det gör jag. Utmaningen bara växer för varje gång!

Jan Øberg

Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer

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