EU:s militarisering – för försvar eller anfall?

EU:s högste utrikeschef Javier Solana är, förklarade han vid en utfrågning i EU-parlamentet den 22/11, mycket nöjd med de senaste dagarnas beslut om snabb uppbyggnad av EU:s militära kapacitet, som tagits med helhjärtat stöd av det “neutrala” Sverige. Regeringen försvarar sig med att det inte handlar “om ett gemensamt territorialförsvar med ömsesidiga försvarsgarantier”, som det hette häromdagen på regeringens webplats i ett upprört genmäle på forskaren Gunnar Jervas varning för att Sverige håller på att avveckla alliansfriheten genom att ställa trupper till EU:s förfogande. Regeringen har rätt. EU har inte blivit en försvarspakt. EU har blivit en anfallspakt.

EU ska kunna “sätta in en styrka om upp till en armékår (60.000 man eller 15 brigader) samt nödvändiga sjö- och flygstridskrafter inom 60 dagar och kunna stanna minst ett år” (enligt PM från regeringskansliet 2000-11-13). Sveriges bidrag består av 50 stabsofficerare, en mekaniserad bataljon, ett ingenjörskompani med ammunitions- och minröjningsförmåga, ett militärpoliskompani plus sjöminröjningsförband, ubåtsförband, korvettförband, spanings- och jaktflygförband och transportflygförband. Några av dessa är onekligen väl lämpade för att ägna sig åt minröjning, vilket ju enligt utrikesminister Anna Lindh efter Kölntoppmötet i fjor är vad hela EU-styrkan enbart skall syssla med. Sannolikt kommer dock några svenska enheter, t ex ubåtarna och jaktflygplanen att ha andra uppgifter. Vilka?

von Sydows trouble spots och EU:s krigsspel

Enligt försvarsminister Björn von Sydow “finns det ett stort antal ´trouble spots´ runt omkring i världen” som kan behöva EU-ingripanden (Försvarsdepartementets pressmeddelande 15/11). Han ger dock inga exempel. Det gör däremot Svenska Dagbladets militärkorrespondent Mikael Holmström som menar att det kan handla om allt “från den mildaste civila krishantering till våldsamma krigsingripanden som FN-alliansen i Gulfkriget” (20/11). Och häromdagen (21/11) avslöjade tyska Die Welt ett “topphemligt krigsspel” som tagits fram av EU:s militärstab där man räknar med militära ingripanden av “den nya stormakten Europa” praktiskt taget var som helst i världen. I ett typfall som EU-militären planerat i detalj handlar ett om ett land 400 mil från Bryssel där Y och Z har börjat slåss. EU-trupper sätts in för att med militärt våld skapa en tjugofem kilometer bred buffertzon mellan parterna. Samtidigt skall grannländerna A och B avskräckas från ingripande. Det handlar, heter det, om en “högintensitetsoperation”. Allt än enligt Die Welt, ytterst detaljrikt skisserat. Hur många offer som kommer att krävas har dock EU-staben avstått från att försöka beräkna.

 Varför skulle då femton EU-länder sätta in en gemensam armékår långt inne i Afrika eller Asien? För försvarspakter är syften och motiv ganska enkla att formulera: Skydda vårt territorium mot utomstående angripare. Det behövs inga gemensamma värderingar eller intressen därutöver. Precis som inom en stat kan inom en försvarspakt de mest konträra samhällsklasser och kontradiktoriska intressen ganska lätt förenas i strävan att hålla stånd mot obehörigas oönskade och våldsamma intrång.

 För en anfallspakt är det inte lika enkelt, inte lika konkret och handfast. Det blir lätt en mängd luftiga formuleringar om att försvara “gemensamma värderingar” och annat fint och abstrakt. Därunder kan döljas de mest skilda syften och intressen.

Revolution i Saudiarabien

Låt oss fundera kring ett icke osannolikt fall för militär EU-insats: Revolution i Saudiarabien &endash; något som med tanke på det landets reaktionärt antidemokratiska system bara borde vara en tidsfråga. Tänk om de nya härskarna börjar förstatliga och kastar ut de utländska intressenterna och använder oljan som vapen för Palestinas befrielse. Kanske några prinsar lyckas samla motrevolutionsstyrkor, det kan bli ganska blodigt. Revolutionärerna kanske hänger upp regimens folk i lyktstolpar eller halshugger dem på torget, precis som den av Väst understödda kungaregimen brukar göra med sina motståndare. Sådant kan förstås inte det fredsälskande och humanitära Europa stillatigande åse! Inte heller de kapitalintressen som drabbas av revolutionärerna. Och inte alla de som är beroende av regelbunden oljetillförsel.

Låt oss tänka oss att socialisterna Jospin och Blair under flammande appeller om att stoppa blodbadet förmår EU att skicka iväg sina trupper &endash; hur ska de värja sig mot revolutionärernas anklagelser för att detta bara är en repris på Suez 1956, då Frankrike och Storbritannien militärt intervenerade mot Nassers egyptiska revolution för att försvara fransk-brittiska ekonomiska intressen?

Sverige drar sig ur?

Men Sverige ställer förstås inte upp på sådant! Sverige kan ju självt besluta att stå utanför varje insats, även om den beslutas av EU. Jovisst, men, (som SvD:s Mikael Holmström påpekar) “i praktiken blir det politiskt svårt att backa ur en EU-insats”. Vilken mobbning skulle inte Anna Lindh och Björn von Sydow riskera att utsättas för om Sverige drar sig ur, när det gäller. Skulle Sveriges regering verkligen våga säga: Nix, vi är inte med för vi tror inte på era ärliga avsikter, ni vill inte rädda arabiska liv, ni vill rädda europeiska ekonomiska intressen! Kan ett land som uttalar en sådan misstro mot andra EU-länder stanna kvar i unionen? Skulle Sveriges regering välja EU-utträde framför att medverka i något som reellt är ett nykolonialt ingripande av f d kolonialstater?

För övrigt: De berörda parterna skulle knappast bry sig om ifall Sverige faktiskt deltog med trupper eller ej &endash; Sverige är ju trots allt medlem i anfallsunionen. “Fanatiska” islamiska fundamentalister håller knappast reda på exakt vilka EU-länder som sänt trupper i en viss aktion. Därför måste nog Sverige under alla förhållanden planera för det värsta och delta i EU:s heltäckande robotförsvar. Nej, givetvis handlar det inte om ett gemensamt territorialförsvar, inte alls. Det handlar bara om att “EU ska stå redo för att försvara sig mot exempelvis terrorattacker från regioner där unionens militära trupper ingripit för att stävja oroligheter” (TT 20/11). Man förstår att EU-strategerna verkligen planerat för värsta möjliga scenarier. Man bekämpar ju knappast enstaka bombkastare med robotar. Det måste vara en form av oerhört mycket kraftigare “terrorattacker” man tänker sig, någon form av massivt militärt anfall som skulle kunna hejdas med robotar, faktiskt ett fullskalekrig.

Tungvrickningskonst

Men om vi ska förbereda oss på fullskaleanfall från dem som EU-insatsen skulle rädda från blodbad, räcker det verkligen med ett EU-täckande robotförsvar? Måste vi inte mobilisera för alla andra former av försvar också? Måste vi inte upprusta för att kunna stå emot de nya hot som vi enligt EU-strategerna kommer att provocera fram när vi skickar ut våra soldater i EU-regi för att skapa fred? Måste vi inte faktiskt slå ihop våra påsar med kompisarna i anfallspakten?

De som anfaller gemensamt får kanske efter ett tag behov av att försvara sig gemensamt mot dem som inte gillar att bli anfallna utan slår tillbaka. Och så utvecklas anfallspakten obönhörligt stegvis till en försvarspakt. Och då lär inte ens den mest avancerade tungvrickningskonst kunna få det till att vi är orubbligt neutrala.

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