PressInfo #207 – Tsunamien – den virkelige skandaleog hvad vi kan lære af den

Det udstiller falskheden i militærets retfærdiggørelse af sig selv som “forsvarer af liv”. Skyder man en politibetjent i USA, står man til dødsstraf. Men det, at have ansvaret for en stor del af de næsten 250.000 som døde under tsunamien ved at tilbageholde livsvigtig information fra dem betragtes ikke nu som en forbrydelse, selv om det er langt mere alvorligt.

Nogle af dem, der har mistet en slægtning eller en ven i tsunamien, burde anlægge en retssag mod dem, der vidste besked, men undlod at informere de mennesker, der var i fare, inklusive den militære øverstkommanderende på Diego Garcia og måske endda Pentagon.

Der er ikke store chancer for at de ville vinde retssagen, men den ville få en masse opmærksomhed og således hjælpe med at styrke debatten om militærets rolle i vor verden.

Den følgende artikel argumenterer for, at selv uden et officielt tsunamivarslingssystem i Det indiske Ocean, så kunne der være advaret i tide til mange af de ramte.

 

Hvad tsunamien lærer os

Udsendt via InterPress Service, 4. jan 2005.

I et interview på CNN den 2. januar blev chefen for NOAA i Colorado stillet det spørgsmål, som vi alle havde på læberne: Hvorfor blev der ikke udsendt nogen advarsel til de lande, der blev ramt af en tsunami, efter at NOAA havde opdaget det stærke jordskælv ud for Sumatras vestkyst den 26. december? Han svarede, at først og fremmest var der ikke et advarselssystem. Der var ingen i disse lande til at modtage budskabet. For det andet havde NOAA ikke en præcis model for tsunamien og havde ingen mulighed for at vide, hvor mange det blev nødvendigt at evakuere.

Nu behøver man ikke et dyrt varslingssystem for at få en mistanke om, at et jordskælv af størrelsen 9 under havet kunne risikere at efterfølges af en tsunami og at det ville sætte tusinder af menneskers liv i fare langs den tætbefolkede kyst ud mod epicenteret. Et jordskælv på 8.3 i Lituya Bay ved Alaskas kyst i 1958 havde givet en bølge på op til 516 meters højde, der vaskede træer ned fra bjergskråninger – heldigvis i et ubefolket område. Vist, det er ikke ethvert jordskælv under havet, der giver anledning til en tsunami, men forsigtighedsprincippet tilsiger os at forberede os på det værste, hvor der er selv en mindre risiko for en katastofe.

Selvom jobbeskrivelsen for de videnskabsmænd, der opdagede jordskælvet, ikke indeholder at udsende advarsler til de mennesker, hvis liv er i fare, så har de et moralsk ansvar for at gøre det. De havde måske ikke telefonnumre til de organer, der har ansvaret i de berørte lande. Men de kunne have informeret enhver, der kunne lade beskeden gå videre, selv midt i natten inklusive venner og slægtninge, de kunne have nået nogen mennesker i de berørte områder, som kunne have givet beskeden videre til andre. Hvis hver ringede 10 andre op, som derefter ringede til 10 andre, så kunne man i kun 9 led være oppe på 1 milliard mennesker. Selv om nogen ikke ville sende advarslen videre, ville der være andre, som gjorde det.

Folk uden telefon kunne være advaret af naboer. Radioudsendelser og internetbeskeder kunne også være opfanget af nogen, som kunne informere andre personligt eller pr (mobil)telefon. Helikoptere kunne have advaret med megafon langs de truede kyststrækninger.

Det er ubegribeligt at der ikke blev gjort noget i den retning.

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USAs udenrigsministerium kunne have kontaktet sine ambassader i regionen eller regeringerne direkte. Nogle regeringer fik information, men lod være med at handle ud fra den, på grund af risikoen for at skade turistindustrien. Det tog tsunamien 3 timer og 53 minutter at nå Sri Lanka, mindre tid for Thailand, men tid nok til en advarsel. Der er rigeligt med skyld at fordele.

Det er ikke nødvendigt at vide præcist, hvilke områder, der er i fare og skal evakueres. Hvilken fejl er mest alvorlig: at gå op i større højde end det viser sig at være nødvendigt eller at blive nede og drukne ?

For folk på Sumatras vestkyst var varslingstiden kort, kun ca 20 minutter for Banda Aceh en af de hårdest ramte byer. Ydermere blev en del telefonledninger ødelagt. Men man kunne lære folk at et stort jordskælv ofte følges af ødelæggende bølger. De, der ikke blev skadet af selv jordskælvet, kunne så have taget sig til en mere sikker grund.

Uvidenhed kan dræbe og uddannelse kan frelse liv. Et godt eksempel er re-hydreringsbehandling. En spiseskefuld sukker og en teskefuld salt blandet med en liter kogt vand givet teskefuldevis til en person med diarre, fremkaldt af tyfus eller kolera, kan redde dem fra døden. Før kendskabet til den enkle løsning blev udbredt, døde en 30 – 40 % af kolerapatienterne. I epidemien i Peru i 1991, hvor folk kendte til tricket, var det under 1 % af de smittede, der døde.

Det er velkomment, at mange regeringer og personer har bidraget med store summer til redningsarbejdet. Men det udgør stadig kun 1 promille af det årlige militærbudget i verden. Der er brug for meget mere og det kan skaffes, før flere liv tabes til tørst, sult, sår og sygdomme.

I denne enorme tsunamiulykke ved vi allerede (4. januar) at over 15.000 er døde, titusinder savnes og mange flere vil dø af sygdomme fremkaldt af at drikke forurenet drikkevand. (Per 20. januar er dødstallet revideret op til 250.000). Disse umådelige lidelser, som er dækket godt af pressen har for en gangs skyld vist størrelsesordenen på den strukturelle vold, som normalt går urapporteret: anslået 125,000 mennesker om dagen eller 45 millioner om året, flest børn og ældre, dør unødvendigt af sult og sygdomme, der kunne forebygges i vores verden af overflod.

Hvad forbrugere i Vesten bruger på is, kosmetik og dyremad slår til til at skaffe tilstrækkelig mad og sundhedspleje til alle de mennesker i verden, der mangler det !

Lad os fordoble vore anstrengelser for at afslutte denne horrible uretfærdighed.

* Dietrich Fischer. European University Center for Peace Studies, Stadtschlaining, Østrig, meddirektør i TRANSCEND, et freds og udviklingsnetværk.

Oversat af Orla Jordal, www.jordals.dk, som en public service.

 

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