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25. februar, 2007

Jørgen Johansen

Arbeiderpartiets forsvarsminister Anne-Grete Strøm-Erichsen vil innføre kvinnelig verneplikt. Det er mangel på soldater og hun bruker argument om likestilling for å få støtte til prosjektet. Dette er enda et forslag om likestilling på menns prinsipper. Å la også menn få velge selv om de skal stille på sesjon eller ikke ville være å likestille menn med kvinner. Og det er selvsagt helt andre årsaker enn likestilling til kvinner nå skal brukes til kanonføde.

En gang i tiden var arbeiderbevegelsen en ledende kraft i det internasjonale antimilitaristiske arbeidet. Med første mai paroler som ” Tenk om det ble krig – og ingen kom” og ”Ikke en mann, ikke et øre til militarismen” planla de generalstreik mot krigen. Internasjonal solidaritet og samhold skulle gjøre at når generaler og monarker kaller til krig så skulle ingen stille opp. Det brukne gevær ble symbolet for kampen. Men når den første verdenskrig brøt ut så stilte den store majoriteten opp. Nasjonalismen, propagandaen og lydigheten fikk hundretusener til å kle seg i ”kongens drakt” og dø i skyttergravene. Og siden fortsatte de å stille opp hver gang det ble blåst i krigsbasunene.

Frykten for å ikke ha soldater nok som stiller opp når hæren mobiliseres har fulgt makthavere i alle år. Da Machiavelli skrev sin håndbok for hvordan statsledere skulle styre sitt folk foreslo han å innføre verneplikt. Dette ble, sammen med mange andre inhumane forslag, lykkeligvis ikke gjennomført. Verneplikt er en form for slaveri og da den Europeiske Menneskerettighetskonvensjonen skulle skrives ble militærtjeneste nevnt som et unntak fra det forbudte slaveriet. Når verneplikt til slutt ble innført under den franske revolusjonen så var grunnen at for få stilte opp frivillig. Det var den gang selvsagt at det bare var menn som stilte opp.

Siden har mange land innført verneplikt for 18-årige gutter. Behovet for soldater varierer over tid. Høyteknologiske våpensystemer har i de siste årtier redusert behovet for fotsoldater. Å grave ned gutter i snøen i Troms for å vente på russerne er nedprioritert. Spanskbygde fregatter og nye fly står høyere på prioritetslisten til dagens forsvarsledelse. Disse dødsmaskinene koster flesk og da er det ikke nok penger i kassa til å trene hele årskull å skyte med AG3. Men noen soldater er det behov for. Rett nok ikke så mye til forsvar som til å angripe andre land.

Under presten Bondeviks ledelse hadde Norge for vane å okkupere andre land ca hvert annet år. Kosovo 1999, Afghanistan 2001 og Irak 2003. Ikke alltid like åpnet, men vi stilte opp når Washington bad om det. Til slike oppdrag trengs det soldater som er villige til å stille opp også når hensikten er tvilsom, det juridiske grunnlaget syltynt og resultatet oftest katastrofalt. Og da er det et godt tegn at det er få som lar seg rekruttere frivillig.

Her ligger selvsagt grunnen til at man nå vil øke rekrutteringsgrunnlaget til det dobbelte. Forsvarsministeren vil kopiere det system som i dag kun benyttes av to land, Eritrea og Israel. Eritrea innførte kvinnelig verneplikt for å soldater nok til å krige med Etiopia og Israel har det samme system for å kunne okkupere Palestina, bombe Libanon og true andre naboer.

Det er ingen tvil om at kvinner kan være like ”dyktige” soldater som menn. De kan være like ”flinke” torturister også. Selv om kvinner er underrepresentert i statistikken over mord, voldtekter og annen voldskriminalitet så kan de helt sikkert trenes opp til å drepe på kommando de også. Men hva har dette med likestilling å gjøre?

Ville det være god likestilling om like mange kvinner som menn begikk ran? Skal ikke likestilling inneholde en ingrediens av humanisme, av respekt for andre og av medmenneskelighet? Det nå nedlagte Likestillingssenteret inkluderte i sin definisjon av likestilling ”rett til å føle seg trygg i forhold til overgrep og respekt for menneskeverd for både kvinner og menn”.

Nei, la menn også slippe den patetiske sesjon der den potensielle kanonføden skal veies, testes og måles før de utvalgte sendes ut på slagfeltet. Det ville være reell likestilling.

Nå er det nok mange grunner til at det er unge gutter som tradisjonelt har blitt innkalt. Testosteronstinne 18-åringe gutter er sikkert en ideell gruppe om man skal fostre lydige soldater. Uten livserfaring, hjemmefra for første gang og med amerikanske krigsfilmer og TV-nyheter som eneste kilder til hva dette kan handle om er det en takknemlig flokk å trene til lojale krigere.

La oss gjøre tankeeksperimentet at militærvesenet i stedet hadde beordret 50-årige kvinner til sesjon og tjeneste. Voksne kvinner som hadde godt om livserfaring og perspektiv på så vel livet som døden skulle overbevises om at det var en plikt å bruke et år av livet for å lære seg å drepe mest mulig effektivt på kommando. Det hadde vært en utfordring for enhver offiser, og psykolog. Jeg tror verden skulle vært en langt bedre plass å bo på om vi lot være å satse på unge gutter til ”internasjonale oppdrag” som det heter i god Orwells tradisjon av nyspråk.

Afghanistan, Sudan, Irak, Somalia og de andre krigsherja landa som Norge planlegger å sende soldater til trenger helt andre kvaliteter enn hva bevæpna gutter kan tilby. Kanskje skulle kloke, erfarne, velutdanna kvinnelige sosionomer, konflikthandterere, psykologer, politi og samfunnsvitere gjøre langt større nytte. Men det bør som sagt skje på frivillig grunnlag og våpen skaper mer problem enn løsninger.

Om Anne-Grete Strøm-Erichsen skulle få med seg regjering, forsvarsledelse og Stortingsmajoriteten på forslaget sitt om kvinnelig verneplikt så tror jeg vi kommer til å få veldig mange som nekter. Jeg er overbevist om at kvinner dominerer blant de som ikke tror at vold er spesielt godt egnet til konflikthandtering.

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