Irak 1
Helsingborgs Dagblad

Embedsmanden i det lille kontor i Irak rejser sig op og trykker min hånd og siger “fred være med Dem” og “velkommen til Irak” med den anden hånd mot sit hjerte.Han har en Samsung-computer på skrivebordet, og mens jeg venter, kan jeg se en ung, letklædt kvinde danse på skærmen ackompagneret af et lille orkester: “CD fra Syrien. Ikke dårligt, hva’?” Et fjernsyn ved den enkle jernseng, hvor han formodentlig hviler sig, når der ikke er nogen rejsende der vil ind i landet, står og murrer uden billede. Dette er det første eksempel på noget jeg senere skulle erfare mange gange: Der kommer faktisk varer in i Irak.

Jeg rejser fra Amman i Jordan. Der er ca. 900 km. til Bagdad. Det tog godt og vel en time ved grænsen for at komme ind i Irak. Jeg deklarerede min valuta og et dokument over min komputer og mit kamara blev oprettet. I løbet af ventetiden blev jeg budt på sød te; alle var venlige og høflige. Taskerne skulle åbnes, men hverken bøger eller papirer blev gransket.

Det sandgrå, flade og stenrige landskab strækker sig så langt øjet når mod den varmedirrende horisont. Skulle man lede efter nogle kg. kemisk substans, eller dele til masseødelæggelsesvåben, så kunne det let ligge begravet her omkring, uden at man nogensinde ville finde det. At, i dette vældige land, våbeninspektører nogensinde skulle kunne garantere at sådanne substanser ikke findes, så FNs sikkerhedsråd kunne hæve sanktionerne, er en absurditet. Irak ved det; vil vestverdenen indse det?

Den store amerikanske Cruiser får 200 l. benzin for 4 dollar(!). Vi møder stort set kun to slags lastbiler: De der kører med olje fra Irak til Jordan, og de der kører med andre varer, bl.a. meget hø. I løbet af dagene og månederne må det blive ikke så få fade af den førstnævnte vare, der forlader Irak.

BAGHDAD

Sammenlignet med Amman syder Baghdad af aktivitet. Butikkerne er åbne til langt ud på aftenen, og der handles livligt. Trafikken er intensiv og politidirigeret, nye og gamle biler kører rundt mellem hinanden. Når man kører langs de vældige boulevarder, ser man at butikkerne er fulde af kunder og varer. Det er en ret ren by og stemningen er afslappet. Man beregner at Bagdad har omkring 5 mil. indbyggere, en femtedel af Iraks befolkning.

Byen er moderne, men man ser let, med hensyn til renovering og vedligeholdelse, at den er en skygge af hvad den må have været. En del byggevirksomhed foregår hist og her, – ikke mindst ved en gigantisk moské, som det vil tage ti år at få færdig, – nye paladser, lejlighedshuse og offentlige bygninger. Man slås af Bagdads vældige størrelse og dens uendelige boulevarder med hurtig trafik, tusindvis af monumenter og billeder af Saddam Hussein samt mange moderne skulpturer og grandiøse mindespladser med dramatiske krigsmonumenter. Hist og her skimter man at byen ikke mangler charme, især nede ved Tigris; men jeg synes ikke at det er en storby der spejler dens imponerende historie, eller det at den har været en vugge for vores civilisation.

Irak har været et rigt og moderne samfund inspireret af Vesteuropa. Der har været små klasseforskelle, gode skoler og sygehuse, høj læsestandard og en god socioøkonomisk tryghed. Til forskel fra de fleste andre oliestater har irakerne investeret deres rigdom i deres egen velfærd og ikke sat pengene i schweitziske banker eller vestlige hotelkæder – hvad der måske er endnu en årsag til at USA er sur? Og det er et sekulariseret samfund. Men alt det har forandret sig på de 12 år, der er gået siden Gulf-krigen og oprettelsen af sanktionerne.

“BONDELANDET” OG DETS MENNESKER

Ude på landet er alt anderledes. På landevejen til Babylon ser man halvfærdige huse, vandanlægninger der ikke fungerer og pigtrådshegn, hvor alt metal er pillet af og kun de nøgne stolper står tilbage. Den typiske landsby er en række huse på begge sider af 4-fils vejen, med små butikker, der sælger cigaretter, kryderier og grønsager. Hist og her i sandet, støvet og snavsen bevæger sig mennesker, får og nogle få køer. Bilverksteder findes der naturligvis en overflod af. Man kan se store plantager, hvoraf nogle er forbavsende grønne, men der er også grå eller lysebrune marker, der tilsyneladende ikke har set vand i måneder. Beduinske mænd og kvinder i sorte eller hvide klæder bevæger sig langsomt sammen med sine fårehjorde. To mænd forsøger at reparere en vandpumpe i den trykkende hede, som nærmer sig de 50 grader.

Kvinder, helt klædt i sort – blot deres øjne er utildækkede, henter vand fra en kilde mens mændene drikker te og ryger under et træ. Sådan så disse mennesker ikke ud for 10 år siden, men nu tilbyder religionen åbenbart det eneste sikre ståsted. Nu og da ser jeg ubemandede vagttårne og soldater, dog ikke i stort antal, som kontrollerer checkpoints ved indfarten til større byer.

Jeg spørger mig selv om det bliver den slags landområder bagdadboerne må flygte til, når deres land bliver bombet og indvaderet. Hvor skulle de ellers flygte til under bomberne?

LEILA OG SALEH

FNs udviklingsprogram, UNDP, tager mig med ud til nogle mikrokredit-programmer. Leila sidder i rullestol og fortæller mig at hun for nylig har afsluttet sin uddannelse i computervidenskab ved den tekniske højskole i Babylon. Derefter ansøgte hun hos UNDP om at få et af programmets minilån, fik 750 US-dollar og blev godkendt af det irakiske erhvervsministerium. Nu leder hun kurser for alle slags studerende i sit lille kombinerede butik og klasseværelse.

Jeg besøge derefter Saleh, en ugift snedker, født 1964 uden ben. Han er ifærd med at reparere en ret stor rokokostol med lidt afskallet guldfarve på, da jeg træder ind i hans verksted. Han fik et startlån på 500 US-dollar af hvilke han betaler 25 dollar tilbage per måned. De vældige skabe han bygger, siddende og kravlende omkring på gulvet, koster ca. 80 dollar. Han har gode chanser for at kunne tilbagebetale lånet indenfor nogle år, efterhånden som hans virksomhed vokser sig større. Han har lige investeret i en sav, men hans højeste ønske for fremtiden er at kunne købe sig en rullestol, som koster omkring 75 US-dollar. Jeg forlader ham med en følelse af håb; han har en chanse for at få det bedre, eftersom han udfører fantastiske sager med sine hænder og arbejder hårdt. Jeg kan ikke undgå at se stoltheden og håbet i hans store brune øjne.

Her, ligesom overalt inklusive Bagdad, møder jeg kun venlige og velkomstønskende mennesker. Det ville ikke have forbavset mig, hvis jeg, som vesteuropeer eller amerikaner, var blevet anset som medskyldig i sanktionerne. Men jeg føler mig tryg overalt. Butiksejere byder mig ind, serverer te og viser stolt sine smukt ordnede varer frem. Den klassiske arabiske gæstfrihed og velkommende indstilling til fremmede har sandelig ikke ændret sig. Deres taknemmelighed og glæde, over at nogen er rejst så langt for at spørge dem om deres liv, er virkelig rørende.

Det er mennesker som Leila og Saleh jeg tænker på, når Bush vil bombe landet. Det er deres drømme og håb som krigen vil dræbe – ligesom den vil det for de øvrige 25 mil. uskyldige civile irakiske medborgere. Men Bush vil at du og jeg kun skal tænke på Saddam.

Det irakiske folk fortjener verdens sympati, ikke bomber. Jeg traf ikke en eneste international embedsmand eller nogen chef for en international mission, som i sanktionerne så et virksomt politisk redskab, eller at en invasion ville kunne løse flere problemer end den vil skabe.

Hvis jeg kan rejse til Irak, så kan andre det også – folkebevægelser, mediefolk, forskere. Gør det! Få kundskaber om andre sider af sagen, dem vi ellers aldrig får herhjemme.

PhD, Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer, Professor Emeritus and media commentator

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