Hans Blix – pålitlig som en Volvo

Hans Blix
AVVÄPNA IRAK
Översättning Ulla Danielsson
Bonnier Fakta, Stockholm 2004

Få svenskar har spelat en så framträdande roll i den värld som följde efter det kalla krigets slut som Hans Blix, under en dramatisk tid chef för UNMOVIC, FN:s vapeninspektörer i Irak. Många minns säkert hans dramatiska framträdanden i FN:s säkerhetsråd under början av 2003 i offentliga möten, globalt direktsända i TV. Den gången vägdes hans ord på guldvåg. Skulle Blix tal innehålla den “rykande pistol”, det bevis på dolda massförströrelsevapen som världen fruktade – eller förväntade sig?

Den 30 mars utkom på svenska hans “Avväpna Irak”, en skildring av det dramatiska förspelet till kriget, sett ur Blix’ perspektiv. Boken ger intrikata inblickar i det diplomatiska och politiska spelet bakom kulisserna, inte minst av hur en del politiker i Bushadminstrationen på olika sätt försöker manipulera vapeninspektörerna för att få stöd för ett krig som man vill ha – och för att få FN:s säkerhetsråd att sanktionera det.

Hans bok är skriven på engelska och har redan väckt stor uppståndelse i USA och England, där den redan publicerats. I ansedda New York Review of Books (25 mars 2004) recenseras boken av Brian Urquhart, tidigare biträdande generalsekreterare i FN. På tidskriftens första sida hänvisar man till artikeln med rubriken “Hans Blix vs. The White House”, som vore det en rättegång mellan Blixt och Bush. Och just detta är vad det handlar om – inte bara i presidentvalets USA. Vems sanning gäller, Bushs eller Blixs?

I förlängningen av den frågan finns andra. Är det rimligt att USA som ensam stormakt inleder preventiva krig efter eget godtycke? Eller har vi nu, än mer än tidigare, behov av ett FN som efter internationell lag och givna regelverk ansvarar för frågor gällande krig och fred?

Hans Blix’ bok blir ytterst en plädering för FN och för FN-systemet, som trots brister är det enda vi har att förlita oss på om vi vill leva i en fredligare värld. I boken framställer Blix sig själv som just en lojal FN-tjänsteman, som plikttroget fullgör sitt uppdrag under dess givna regler och som inte låter sig manipuleras, med ingen annan lojalitet än gentemot FN.

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“Avväpna Irak” är en lågmäld redogörelse för det storpolitiska spelets mekanismer och drivkrafter. Hans Blix försöker hela tiden se vilka motiv som finns bakom olika aktörers beteenden. Han visar respekt för de flesta av sina meningsmotståndare, som Colin Powell och Condoleezza Rice, trots att båda på olika vis opererar i konfrontation mot honom.

“Blix var lika pålitlig som en Volvo”, lär den amerikanske utrikesministern ha sagt vid ett tillfälle, och Blix tar det som beröm, medveten om att Powells favorithobby är att meka med Volvomotorer. Beskrivningen passar väl in också på författaren Hans Blix i den här boken. Han tar inte ut svängarna och färdas väl inom fartgränserna genom det landskap där avgörande frågor om krig och fred utspelar sig.

Det är välgörande, just därför att Hans Blix är en så kontroversiell person i mångas ögon. Många försökte knäcka honom under den här avgörande tiden. USA:s biträdande försvarsminister Paul Wolfowitz lät CIA utreda hans förflutna för att söka misskreditera honom, men förgäves. Vicepresidenten Dick Cheney var än värre. De stora amerikanske medierna spelade därtill ofta med i Bushregimens häxkampanjer mot Blix. Efter möten mellan honom och ledande amerikanska politiker rapporterade New York Times eller Washington Post de mest häpnadsväckande saker. Blix undrar försiktigt hur Washington Post kunde skriva om hur långt hans tal i FN skulle bli och skildra dess innehåll, detta innan han själv ens hade skrivit ett första utkast.

Också brittiska Times ägnar sig åt liknande lågvattensjournalistik. Blix borde rikta den ‘rykande pistolen’ mot sitt eget huvud, skriver tidningens Washingtonkorrespondent och kräver hans avgång.

Hela tiden under förspelet till Irakkriget hävdade den amerikanska och brittiska regeringen att man hade bevis för massförstörelsevapen. UNMOVIC fick också upprepade gånger tips från olika säkerhetstjänster. Vid inspektioner på de utpekade platserna fanns sällan eller aldrig något av vikt. Underrättelsetjänsternas material innehöll inga trovärdiga bevis. I själva verket byggde mycket på uppgifter från avhoppade irakier. Annat var av än skummare ursprung.

I en rapport i september 2002 nämnde Tony Blair att “massförstörelsevapen kan vara redo inom 45 minuter efter det att han (Saddam Hussein) gett order om att använda dem”. I rapporrten angavs att Irak hade försökt skaffa uran från Afrika. Den senare uppgiften åberopades av Condoleezza Rice i januari 2003 och av president Bush i dennes tal till nationen vid slutet av samma månad. Vid denna tidpunkt fanns klart belagt att hela historien byggde på rena falsarier.

Blix betyg över USA:s och Storbritanniens underrättelseverksamhet är förödande, “misslyckandet i fallet Irak var monumentalt”.

De senaste fem åren har tre krig startats utan FN-mandat, med tvivelaktiga motiv och med USA som pådrivande kraft, mot Jugoslavien 1999, mot Afghanistan 2002 och det senaste (men knappast sista) mot Irak 2003. Dessa nya krig har också i Sverige fått ett orimligt stort stöd. I det sammanhanget är Hans Blix bok omistlig, som kritisk och initierad skildring av krigets politiska förspel, dess retorik och brutala maktspel.

I dag kan man fundera över vad som hade hänt om övervakningarna hade fått fortsätta, till ett pris av åttio miljoner dollar per år. Men vapeninspektörerna kastades ut. I stället sattes 300 000 soldater in för åttio miljarder dollar per år. Saddam är borta, “Kejsaren av Mesopotamien”, som Blix kallar honom. Men landet Irak är sönderslaget och plundrat. Vägen till något som liknar demokrati är synnerligen lång. Världen har knappast blivit tryggare.

Sören Sommelius

Tel: 042-489 90 45

sosommelius@hd.se

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