PressInfo #188 – Det er en udfordring at skabe fred

På toårsdagen for terrorangrebet i USA, den 11. september 2003, bragte Japan Times en artikel af SGIs præsident Daisaku Ikeda. Japan Times er et stort og indflydelsesrigt, internationalt dagblad, og det vakte derfor opsigt og stor glæde blandt de japanske Soka Gakkai medlemmer at Ikeda Sensei kunne få sine meninger bragt ud til en stor offentlighed.

The Japan Times: 11. september 2003
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“På toppen af den pyramide som vi kalder civilisation, befinder krigens virkelighed sig stadig. Vi kan ikke kalde os fuldt civiliserede mennesker sålænge muligheden for krig eksisterer og oveni købet tages for givet.” Disse stærke ord stammer fra John Kenneth Galbraith som var vidne til det 20. århundredes krige og vold.

Professor Galbraith og jeg har en dialog kørende hvori vi bl.a. åbenhjertigt udveksler synspunkter angående den 11. september 2001. Vi er alle direkte eller indirekte blevet påvirket af denne rædselsvækkende forbrydelse og dens eftervirkninger. Ét af ofrene var en begavet kandidat fra Soka Universitetet som jeg kendte personligt.

Uanset hvor meget vi føler os krænket, må vi aldrig tillade hadets og vredens flammer at drive vores verden mod mere opdeling og ødelæggelse. Det er afgørende at blive ved med at se fremad og at arbejde på at skabe en fremtid med fred og harmonisk sameksistens.

Konkret tror jeg at der er to måder hvorpå vi kan reagere på den nye æras udfordringer:

Den første er at styrke de internationale loves effektivitet med udgangspunkt i FN’s multilaterale arbejde. På længere sigt vil større tro på retfærdigheden og effektiviteten i det internationale lovsystem dæmme op for og uskadeliggøre de konflikter der føder terror.

Det andet element er bestræbelser på at ændre folks bevidsthed og skabe hjerte-til-hjerte bånd som overskrider nationale grænser samt etniske og kulturelle forskelle. Det kræver et vedvarende arbejde på græsrodsplan for dialog og fredsuddannelse.

I forhold til den første indfaldsvinkel bliver vi nødt til at forstå at den såkaldte hard-power reaktion – militær magtanvendelse – frembringer “løsninger” der i bedste fald kun er midlertidige. Fordi denne reaktion uundgåeligt kræver blodsudgydelse og lidelse for uskyldige civile, vil den uvægerligt så frøene for fremtidig voldsanvendelse. I modsætning til det vil et internationalt lovsystem, som er bredt anerkendt som retfærdigt og upartisk, være i stand til at løse konflikter på en måde der nedbryder og befrier folk fra hadets og hævnens cyklus.

Som et skridt på vejen mod dette mål har jeg længe udtrykt støtte til etableringen af den internationale straffedomstol (ICC) som kan dømme i alvorlige forbrydelser mod menneskeheden.

Skønt ICC begyndte sit arbejde i år, er den svækket af at specielt stormagterne endnu ikke har ratificeret aftalerne. Japan spillede en konstruktiv rolle i udarbejdelsen af traktaten og bør hurtigst muligt underskrive og ratificere den. Det er min mening at Japan derefter skal arbejde for en international konsensus om at gøre retssikkerhed til det eneste acceptable middel i løsning af konflikter.

Arbejdet med at styrke et fredssystem må støttes af tilsvarende bestræbelser for at skabe positive ændringer i folks tankegang. Dialog og fredsuddannelse kan være en hjælp til at befri vore hjerter fra impulsen til intolerance og afvisning af andre. Folk må gøres bevidste om et meget simpelt faktum: Vi har intet andet valg end at dele denne planet, denne lille blå sfære der flyder rundt i det uendelige univers, med alle vore “medpassagerer.”

Det er de nye generationer der bærer nøglen til fred. Ingen bliver født med had til andre. Fordomme og diskriminerende holdninger opbygges under voksenprocessen hvor unge mennesker indprentes med en frygt for og et had til “de andre.” Jeg ved dette af egen erfaring da jeg tilbragte min ungdom i et samfund der var domineret af militarismens mørke og voldelige pres.

Enhver kan engageres i fredsuddannelse. Det kan være så simpel en ting som at give sig tid til at tale med børn og unge i vores hverdag, i vores hjem eller i lokalområdet, om livets værdighed og ligheden blandt mennesker. Vi må aldrig underkende virkningen af sådanne tilsyneladende små anstrengelser.

Dette er holdningen bag den “Sejr over volden” kampagne som unge medlemmer af SGI-USA har lanceret. Gennem møder og diskussionsgrupper når disse unge mennesker deres jævnaldrende med budskabet om at der er ikke-voldelige løsninger på livets uundgåelige konflikter.

Siden den 11. september 2001 har den religiøse tros rolle som en faktor bag terrorismen været omdiskuteret. Men virkeligheden er at eksklusiv ideologi og fanatiske handlinger pakkes ind i religionens sprog og symbolik. Hvis vi overser det og begynder at være mistroiske overfor praktiserende af bestemte trosretninger, vil vi kun fordybe mistilliden og øge spændingerne. Men det er selvfølgeligt indlysende at enhver religion som retfærdiggør terrorisme og krig har nedbrudt det religiøse fundament for dens egen berettigelse.

Det er min faste overbevisning at det er religionens mission i det 21. århundrede at bidrage konkret til fredelig sameksistens mellem mennesker. Religiøs tro har styrken til det ved at skabe en ægte global bevidsthed og genoprette båndene mellem menneskers hjerter. Men det er kun gennem dialog at dette potentiale kan manifesteres. I min dialog med den iransk fødte fredsforsker Majid Tehranian udtrykte han dette meget stærkt: “Uden dialog må vi vandre i selvretfærdighedens mørke!”

Det er nu på tide at gennemskue begrebet “ven eller fjende” og i stedet lære at tale på baggrund af vores fælles menneskelighed.

Det er fra det perspektiv at SGIs medlemmer overalt i verden har støttet udkastet til Earth Chartret som er et dokument der søger at frembringe: “en fælles vision om de grundværdier der skal til at skabe et etisk fundament for det kommende verdenssamfund.” Chartret udtrykker sig med den visdom og de dyder, eksempelvis dyb respekt for liv, som er blevet skabt af verdens forskellige kulturelle og religiøse traditioner.

Buddhismen understreger at eftersom krig og vold i sidste ende er et produkt af menneskets hjerte, er det menneskelige hjerte også i stand til at skabe fred og sammenhold. To år er gået siden den 11. september, og denne frygtelige tragedie har sluppet kræfter løs som stadig kaster en skygge over vores liv. Men det er min urokkelige overbevisning at visdommen til at ændre denne tragedie og skabe en ny og bedre fremtid for menneskeheden findes i den menneskelige ånd. Denne overbevisning vil fortsat være drivkraften bag mine handlinger for fred.

Daisaku Ikeda er præsident for Soka Gakkai International (SGI) og grundlægger af Soka Universitetet.

© TFF 2003

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