PressInfo #164 – Udenrigsminister Anna Lindhs

12 november 2002

Udenrigsminister Anna Lindhs tale for FN-dagen handlede bl. a. om Irak. For 12 år siden besluttede FNs sikkerhedsråd sig for afrustning af Iraks masseødelæggelsesvåben, inspektioner af denne afrustning og sanktioner for at fjerne den trussel mod international fred og sikkerhed, som Iraks angreb på og besættelse af Kuwait udgjorde.

Dagens Irak er ingen trussel mod international fred og sikkerhed.

Hvad er der sket i løbet af de 12 år? Under ledelse af den svenske ambassadør Rolf Ekéus gennemførtes frem til 1998 vellykkede inspektioner, som fjernede de fleste af Iraks biologiske og kemiske våben. Ingen troværdig ekspertise hævder, at Irak så meget som nærmer sig at have kernevåben. Sanktionerne har, sammen med de bombninger af Iraks infrastruktur, som i strid med folkeretten og uden FNmandat er foretaget af USA og England, ødelagt landets økonomi og skabt en katastrofal livssituation for dets 23 millioner indbyggere. Iraks militære kapacitet er, trods en vis import af konventionelle våben, langt under halvdelen af, hvad den var, da man invaderede Kuwait.

Iraks ledelse har siden Kuwaitkrigen ikke truet nogen, ikke begået aggression og ikke ført borgerkrig. Ingen kriterier for at true verden er derfor opfyldt. Forholdet mellem Irak og dets naboer er forbedret og ingen af dem taler for krig mod Irak. Selvom et land disponerer over masseødelæggelsesvåben må det også have fremføringsmidler og afskrækningens filosofi må formodes at fungere lige så godt overfor Irak som over for en hvilken som helst anden stat, som overvejer at anvende disse våben. Inspektører og andre som har været på stedet i Irak – som fhv. chefinspektør Scott Ridder, TFF-associerede og fhv. chef for FNs humanitære program, Hans von Sponeck, ville helt enkelt ikke skrive under på udenrigsministerens bedømmelse af den aktuelle tilstand.

Konklusionen er, at dagens Irak ikke udgør en trussel mod international fred og sikkerhed.

Inspektionerne, og ikke en ny krig, er det relevante nu

I denne situation siger Sveriges udenrigsminister, at Sverige støtter en krig mod Irak, hvis FNs sikkerhedsråd finder, at det er den sidste udvej. På FN-dagen havde man forventet, at Anna Lindh – i overensstemmelse med svensk udenrigspolitisk tradition – i stedet havde analyseret de aktuelle trusler mod international fred og sikkerhed og talt om de kommende inspektioner, som ledes af den fhv. svenske udenrigsminister Hans Blix og at hun havde talt om kreative indsatser for at bevare freden i regionen og indsatser for at modvirke USAs allerede fremskredne forberedelser til et angreb. Ministeren taler om krigen som middel, ikke om at nu må inspektionerne have en chance.

Der føres allerede krig mod Irak

Anna Lindh ser ikke på det centrale spørgsmål om USAs stærke interesse i en krig mod Irak for at få militær, politisk og økonomisk kontrol over et land, som har verdens næststørste oliereserver og er nabo til Saudi-Arabien, som har de største. Desuden ønsker USA, ikke mindst af indenrigspolitiske årsager, at få en pro-israelsk løsning af Israel/Palæstina-konflikten. Det er på den baggrund USAs resolutionsforslag til Sikkerhedsrådet angående Irak skal ses. De kaldes “no tolerance” og er udformede, så enhver suveræn stat ville betragte dem som nærmest en krigserklæring.

Udenrigsministerens bedømmelse, at hvis Sverige skulle gå imod krigen, ville presset på Saddam Hussein mindske, tillægger nok Sverige en lidt for stor magtpolitisk betydning. Der har længe været krig i form af USAs og Englands gentagne bombninger af landet med henvisning til de såkaldte No-Fly zoner. Desuden sender USA, gennem a) trusler om krig og besættelse, b) at åbne to CIA-kontorer i Nord-Irak og c) systematisk militær opbygning omkring Irak, efter at Irak har tilbudt inspektioner uden forhåndsvilkår og sluppet alle politiske fanger løs, det modproduktive signal, at det er ligegyldigt, hvad Irak gør: landet bliver under alle omstændigheder ødelagt af historiens største militærmagt.

Misforståelser om sanktionerne og det pågående folkemord

Anna Lindh siger, med dobbelt negation, at “det er vigtigt ikke at sige, at FN ikke må anvende vold”. Det skaber det indtryk, at Sverige tager afstand fra alle dem, som i dag, i Sverige, i EU, i den tredje verden og i USA taler mod krigen. FN-traktatens første sætning (Præamblen) siger, at det er FNs højeste mål at afskaffe krigen. Ifølge kapitel VII skal alle midler prøves og findes virkningsløse inden våben tages i brug i FNs navn. Eftersom intet FN-land har taget et mæglingsinitiativ vedrørende Irak, har man altså ikke prøvet alle fredelige midler og fundet dem virkningsløse.

Anna Lindh hævder endvidere, at sanktionerne ikke er hovedårsagen til den humanitære katastrofe for Iraks folk; Irak må jo importere levnedsmidler og medicin, mener hun. Udenrigsministeren forklarer, at sanktionernes negative virkninger er en følge af regimets forkerte prioriteringer. Men det er FNs sanktionskomite og ikke Irak, som bestemmer, hvilke varer landet må indføre. I henhold til en række FNorganisationers og NGOers analyser er mindst 500.000 og måske over 1 million irakere døde som følge af de 12 års sanktioner. Dette skal ses i lyset af, at Irak før sanktionerne var på vej at blive en velfærdsstat med både gratis sygepleje og fri uddannelse samt meget store investeringer i moderne infrastruktur.

Vist kan Irak siden 1999 sælge en ubegrænset mængde olie, men indkomsten til Irak bliver kun 53 % af prisen, fordi resten er reserveret til kompensation for krigen mod Kuwait, til kurderne i Nord-Irak og til FNs operative omkostninger i Irak. For sin olie får Irak mad og medicin og visse andre varer, men ingen penge fra FN. Derudover er det FNs sanktionskomite, der bestemmer hvilke varer landet må indføre og netop nu ligger der bestillinger på varer for 6 – 7 milliarder USD, som med henvisning til, at de eventuelt kunne bruges militært, er standset.

Også sammenligningen med Kuba er misvisende. Kuba har ikke været genstand for alle FNstaters sanktioner, men kun for USAs. Kuba er ikke som Irak aktivt blevet forhindret i at importere udrustning og varer (f.eks. klor) til rensning af sit drikkevand. Det, som er sket og sker i Irak, er et socialt og økonomisk folkemord på en befolkning på 23 millioner, og det føles meget overraskende, at Sveriges udenrigsminister på basis af et fejlagtigt faktagrundlag, nu anbringer Sverige i den kreds, der forsvarer denne fuldkommen umenneskelige situation.

Irak véd at sanktionerne aldrig bliver hævet.

TFF, som har gennemført en uafhængig konfliktanalyse og ført samtaler i Irak, kan oplyse, at det i praksis er umuligt at finde en international hjælpeorganisation i landet, hvis ledelse forsvarer sanktionerne eller har den opfattelse, at en krig skulle være løsningen på noget problem eller bidrage til international fred og sikkerhed.

Anna Lindh gør videre gældende, at “Irak ved, at hvis man samarbejder med FN-inspektionen, så slipper man for sanktionerne”. Det ved Irak absolut ikke, tværtimod! Eftersom det under alle omstændigheder er totalt fysisk umuligt med 100 procents sikkerhed at slå fast, at der ikke findes et eller andet gemt på en million kvadratkilometer, bliver sanktionerne aldrig hævet og Irak kan derfor ikke se nogen anden belønning for samarbejde, end at man ikke bliver bombet og invaderet.

Det var for øvrigt ikke Irak, der sendte inspektørerne på porten i 1998. Det nægtede at samarbejde med inspektørerne, som under efterfølgeren til ambassadør Ekéus havde mistet deres troværdighed, eftersom der blandt dem fandtes eksperter, som arbejdede med rene spionage. De blev så kaldt hjem og derefter udsattes dele af landet for intensive bombardementer.

Det er godt, at ministeren udtaler, at det er farligt og forkert, om USA går alene ind i Irak og at det ikke er FNs opgave at styrte Saddam. Men for at undgå en krig med overordentlig omfattende lokale, regionale og globale konsekvenser kræves der mere end ord og forhåbninger om tilbageholdenhed.

En FN-beslutning om at anvende vold kan ikke delegeres til en medlemsstat

Udenrigsministeren ved sikkert, at Bush-regimet gør alt, hvad det kan for at få FN til at støtte sin planlagte krig. Det er dybt foruroligende for FNs fremtid. Hvis en krig mod Irak strider mod folkeretten – og det gør den, hvis ikke Irak udgør en trussel mod fred og sikkerhed – så bliver det ikke folkeretligt acceptabelt selvom Sikkerhedsrådet skulle vedtage en resolution med så uldne formuleringer, at USA kan tolke det som et mandat til sine egne ekspansionistiske bestræbelser. Hvad ministeren burde have understreget er, at en FN-beslutning om anvendelse af vold aldrig kan delegeres til en medlemsstat.

Sverige kunne tage initiativ til politiske løsninger og mægling gennem EU – men svigter sine traditioner

Mange i verden venter sig helt andre, mere selvstændige, ægte konflikthåndterende og fredsfremmende indsatser fra netop Sverige. Bag disse forventninger ligger den store og internationalt respekterede tradition for aktiv fredsarbejde, som gennem et århundrede er skabt af Hjalmar Branting, Östen Undén, Olof Palme og Ingvar Carlsson.

Der burde være en velinformeret analyseenhed i udenrigsministeriet, som arbejdede i nær kontakt med svenske og andre landes ambassadefolk i Baghdad. Men Sverige har ingen repræsentation i landet, men passer denne, netop nu verdens alvorligste konflikt, fra Jordan! Udenrigsministeriet er derfor dårligt informeret om den faktiske situation i Irak og kan ikke, gennem personlige samtaler, danne sig en egen opfattelse om situationen, om arabisk tankegang, irakisk politik eller beslutningstagernes psykologi. Man kan faktisk ikke engang lytte til den “anden” side.

For det andet er der behov for et gennemtænkt politisk initiativ som alternativ til krigen. Så længe krigen er “the only plan in town” og dette at gøre ingenting ser ud som alternativet til krig, så øger risikoen for, at der faktisk bliver krig.

Hvis EU havde en vision og en kreativ udenrigsledelse, støttet og påvirket af bl.a. et selvstændigt udenrigspolitisk tankearbejde i Sverige, kunne Irak-krisen være den perfekte lejlighed til at vise, at EU kan være en politisk hovedaktør på verdensscenen og et konstruktivt alternativ til USAs dominans. Netop fordi EU er splittet, ville det være ønskværdigt om Sverige og EUs formandsland, Danmark, eventuelt sammen med Tyskland og Frankrig fremlagde et vel gennemtænkt forslag til en mæglingsproces mellem USA og Irak.

Det er ikke statsmandskunst at stille sig bag en krig – det kan hvem som helst gøre, som ikke er nærmere berørt. Det er statsmandskunst intensivt at søge løsninger på meget alvorlige problemer med intellektet og humaniteten, snarere end bare med muskler. Det handler faktisk om at skabe “fred med fredelige midler” (FN-traktaten) og om det forebyggende diplomati og den nye konflikthåndtering, som klogt besynges i skrift efter skrift fra såvel udenrigsministeriet som fra det socialdemokratiske parti.

Styrelsen for TFF – den Transnationale Stiftelse for Freds- og Fremtidsforskning i Lund

FN dagen 2002.

Oversættelse ved Orla Jordal

© TFF 2002

Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer

Related Posts

Small and different + among the 10% most active + 9,000 texts + 150 Associates + 60 000 a day — and a stubborn belief that peace is smarter and must be secured by peaceful means. In 2026, the Transnational Foundation for Peace and Future Research (TFF) turns 40. On Monday, October 5, 2026, a new TFF homepage will go live — a new gateway to more than 9,000 articles, analyses, research papers and other contributions produced over four decades of independent peace research. But this is not simply a new website. For four decades, TFF has worked from a simple conviction: peace is smarter than militarism and can be brought about by peaceful means. This is not merely an aspiration. It is the principle expressed in the UN Charter and the Gandhian tradition that has guided our work from the beginning. TFF is a research-based, independent and people-financed foundation....
The agreement is catastrophic both because of what it says and what it doesn’t mention. It reduces further the major asset of security policies: Freedom of action. Jan Oberg TFF director September 25, 2026 A couple of hours before the agreement was signed on September 22, 2026, I published the following 13 hypotheses about what it would most likely contain on TFF Substack (in English). I was wrong on only the first point. Contrary to what Trump had written on his Truth Social platform, it does not appear to come into force immediately. In fact, it turned out to be worse than even I had anticipated. After these hypotheses now come a number of reflections in light of what the agreement actually contains, and does not contain, as well as the way in which it has generally been presented by major media outlets and by the public-service broadcaster DR. My...
Jan Oberg May 15, 2026 Go to this Fox News page and scroll the whole way down: President Donald Trump tells the world that his meeting with President Xi Jinping yielded a lot of very concrete political and economic results – of course, only where the Chinese side, according to him, agreed with him. He does not mention the Taiwan issue, but Secretary of State, Marco Rubio, says that it did not feature prominently in their talks and that the US policy on Taiwan has not changed. Then go to China Daily – or Global Times – and you will see that for the Chinese it is framework, principles, structure of cooperation etc. that matters – all embedded in the overall idea of “constructive bilateral relationship of strategic stability.” Nowhere is any concrete agreement or deal – all that Trump refers to – mentioned. At the general level, this gives you insights into the very different social...

Recent Articles

Below are TFF-related media mentions, comments, videos and social media posts published elsewhere but not on this homepage. We happen to catch and list only a fraction. Regarding video comments and debates, we recommend that you go to the TFF Video Channel on Substack where many of them are reproduced. Jan Oberg is a contributor to China Daily – 52 million daily clicks – and Global Times, CGTN and CCTV (the national television), China Investment, Xinhua News Agency and several others. Articles and videos on these media very often multiply into countless Chinese (and Western media) that re-post them from these main media. Thanks to The China Academy, his analyses, interviews and comments are frequently posted on YouTube channels such as Thinkers Forum and Wave Media. These videos are often re-posted on Bilibili (China’s YouTube), the China Content Center on TikTok, and on the Chinese edition of TikTok, Douyin.com. This means reaching hundreds of millions of viewers worldwide over a year. While there are too many to catch on all these...
Jan Oberg TFF director October 13, 2026 According to Alfred Nobel’s will, the Nobel Peace Prize shall be awarded: ”to the person who has done the most or best to advance fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of standing armies, and the establishment and promotion of peace congresses.” Further down, he also expresses how the prize for the “champions of peace” shall be decided: “that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be selected by the Norwegian Storting. Alfred Nobel’s will is remarkably short and clear. But few seem to have read it. Nobel did not say that the committee itself should consist of members of parliament. He entrusted the Storting with appointing five persons. In principle, it could have selected diplomats, mediators, peace researchers, conflict-resolution specialists, or other individuals with recognised expertise in matters of peace from around the world. Instead, the Storting gradually...
The Quest for Humane Survival Richard Falk Professor emeritus, Princeton UniversityTFF Associate since 1986October 12, 2026 After decades of teaching and writing about international law in academic frameworks that were not institutionally situated within law school environments—at Princeton and the University of California, Santa Barbara—I found myself most receptive to the TWAIL outlook. It has been especially illuminating in clarifying the extent to which international law evolved as a dialogical critique of Europe’s efforts to legitimize its colonial undertakings. In particular, TWAIL has exposed how international law has functioned to legalize the subjugation of Third World peoples, securing conditions for exploitative investment and trade relations, the coercive enforcement of public debts, and an ideology of cultural superiority. TWAIL’s exposure of these economic legacies of colonialism has influenced my understanding of the history and development of international law, broadly conceived, as an ideological project of the Western sub-system of the world...

TFF on Substack

Discover and subscribe to more peace materials on TFF Substack

Most Popular

Below are TFF-related media mentions, comments, videos and social media posts published elsewhere but not on this homepage. We happen to catch and list only a fraction. Regarding video comments and debates, we recommend that you go to the TFF Video Channel on Substack where many of them are reproduced. Jan Oberg is a contributor to China Daily – 52 million daily clicks – and Global Times, CGTN and CCTV (the national television), China Investment, Xinhua News Agency and several others. Articles and videos on these media very often multiply into countless Chinese (and Western media) that re-post them from these main media. Thanks to The China Academy, his analyses, interviews and comments are frequently posted on YouTube channels such as Thinkers Forum and Wave Media. These videos are often re-posted on Bilibili (China’s YouTube), the China Content Center on TikTok, and on the Chinese edition of TikTok, Douyin.com. This means reaching hundreds of millions of viewers worldwide over a year. While there are too many to catch on all these...
Jan Oberg TFF director October 13, 2026 According to Alfred Nobel’s will, the Nobel Peace Prize shall be awarded: ”to the person who has done the most or best to advance fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of standing armies, and the establishment and promotion of peace congresses.” Further down, he also expresses how the prize for the “champions of peace” shall be decided: “that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be selected by the Norwegian Storting. Alfred Nobel’s will is remarkably short and clear. But few seem to have read it. Nobel did not say that the committee itself should consist of members of parliament. He entrusted the Storting with appointing five persons. In principle, it could have selected diplomats, mediators, peace researchers, conflict-resolution specialists, or other individuals with recognised expertise in matters of peace from around the world. Instead, the Storting gradually...
The Quest for Humane Survival Richard Falk Professor emeritus, Princeton UniversityTFF Associate since 1986October 12, 2026 After decades of teaching and writing about international law in academic frameworks that were not institutionally situated within law school environments—at Princeton and the University of California, Santa Barbara—I found myself most receptive to the TWAIL outlook. It has been especially illuminating in clarifying the extent to which international law evolved as a dialogical critique of Europe’s efforts to legitimize its colonial undertakings. In particular, TWAIL has exposed how international law has functioned to legalize the subjugation of Third World peoples, securing conditions for exploitative investment and trade relations, the coercive enforcement of public debts, and an ideology of cultural superiority. TWAIL’s exposure of these economic legacies of colonialism has influenced my understanding of the history and development of international law, broadly conceived, as an ideological project of the Western sub-system of the world...
Read More
girl-5894831_1280
Below are TFF-related media mentions, comments, videos and social media posts published elsewhere but not on this homepage. We happen to catch and list only a fraction. Regarding video comments and debates, we recommend that you go to the TFF Video Channel on Substack where many of them are reproduced. Jan Oberg is a contributor to China Daily – 52 million daily clicks – and Global Times, CGTN and CCTV (the national television), China Investment, Xinhua News Agency and several others. Articles and videos on these media very often multiply into countless Chinese (and Western media) that re-post them from these main media. Thanks to The China Academy, his analyses, interviews and comments are frequently posted on YouTube channels such as Thinkers Forum and Wave Media. These videos are often re-posted on Bilibili (China’s YouTube), the China Content Center on TikTok, and on the Chinese edition of TikTok, Douyin.com. This means reaching hundreds of millions of viewers worldwide over a year. While there are too many to catch on all these...
Nobel-Prize-Plaque
Jan Oberg TFF director October 13, 2026 According to Alfred Nobel’s will, the Nobel Peace Prize shall be awarded: ”to the person who has done the most or best to advance fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of standing armies, and the establishment and promotion of peace congresses.” Further down, he also expresses how the prize for the “champions of peace” shall be decided: “that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be selected by the Norwegian Storting. Alfred Nobel’s will is remarkably short and clear. But few seem to have read it. Nobel did not say that the committee itself should consist of members of parliament. He entrusted the Storting with appointing five persons. In principle, it could have selected diplomats, mediators, peace researchers, conflict-resolution specialists, or other individuals with recognised expertise in matters of peace from around the world. Instead, the Storting gradually...
law-419057_1280
The Quest for Humane Survival Richard Falk Professor emeritus, Princeton UniversityTFF Associate since 1986October 12, 2026 After decades of teaching and writing about international law in academic frameworks that were not institutionally situated within law school environments—at Princeton and the University of California, Santa Barbara—I found myself most receptive to the TWAIL outlook. It has been especially illuminating in clarifying the extent to which international law evolved as a dialogical critique of Europe’s efforts to legitimize its colonial undertakings. In particular, TWAIL has exposed how international law has functioned to legalize the subjugation of Third World peoples, securing conditions for exploitative investment and trade relations, the coercive enforcement of public debts, and an ideology of cultural superiority. TWAIL’s exposure of these economic legacies of colonialism has influenced my understanding of the history and development of international law, broadly conceived, as an ideological project of the Western sub-system of the world...
images-2
Advocates of nuclear disarmament are regularly dismissed by the champions of nuclear deterrence as naïve and unrealistic, utopian or even irresponsible. Yet this ‘doctrine’ of deterrence, regarded by France as the ‘cornerstone’ of its national security, is based on quasi-religious beliefs, a theory that cannot be proven, risky gambles and fragile assumptions. So much so that one might legitimately ask which side the ‘Care Bears’ are on. Marc FinaudVice-President of Initiatives for Nuclear Disarmament (IDN) October 9, 2026 This article was originally published on Pressenza When it comes to these things being treated as religious concepts, look here. Idealists and realists It was Hubert Védrine, François Mitterrand’s former Foreign Minister, who repeatedly coined the phrase: ‘Europeans are a sort of Care Bears who don’t realise they’re living in Jurassic Park’. He applies this reference to the cartoon for well-behaved children not only to what he regards as weakness or idealism...
8824b09f-33a5-43f9-9fd0-550f28cda24d_1536x1024
What the West Borrowed from Asia and What It Left Behind Jan Krikke October 8, 2026 The article was originally published here In the late 1960s, the musical Hair announced that the Age of Aquarius was dawning. Its opening anthem promised a transformation of human consciousness: an era of peace, harmony and understanding. Half a century later, a familiar echo of that promise is a meditation app offered by your employer. You can find it in the same list of benefits as the pension plan and the gym discount. How did a spiritual revolution become an employee benefit? The answer lies in the history of the movement known as New Age: where it came from, what it borrowed from Asia, and why the meaning of what it borrowed changed in the process. Two definitions will help. New Age is a loose label for a wide range of spiritual practices and...
Screenshot 2026-10-04 210142
Small and different + among the 10% most active + 9,000 texts + 150 Associates + 60 000 a day — and a stubborn belief that peace is smarter and must be secured by peaceful means. In 2026, the Transnational Foundation for Peace and Future Research (TFF) turns 40. On Monday, October 5, 2026, a new TFF homepage will go live — a new gateway to more than 9,000 articles, analyses, research papers and other contributions produced over four decades of independent peace research. But this is not simply a new website. For four decades, TFF has worked from a simple conviction: peace is smarter than militarism and can be brought about by peaceful means. This is not merely an aspiration. It is the principle expressed in the UN Charter and the Gandhian tradition that has guided our work from the beginning. TFF is a research-based, independent and people-financed foundation....