PressInfo #142 – Lad tvivlen og Selvet smelte,hr Wolfensohn

I efterårsudgaven af Development Outreach tænker Verdensbankens præsident James D Wolfensohn over konsekvenserne af 11 september og konstaterer, at vi skal bekæmpe terrorisme og fattigdom; med ‘og’ i kursiv. Det er en af disse artikler fra eliten, som slår fast, hvad et eller andet globalt ‘vi’ nu må gøre for at gøre verden til et bedre sted at være. Selvom jeg ikke er i tvivl om hans ønske om at se en bedre verden, så giver manglen på analyse af årsagerne og på en strategi for forandring i artiklen anledning til bekymring.

Der er allerede tusinder af den slags erklæringer, og der vil komme mange flere under det Verdensøkonomiske Forum (også kendt som Davos-mødet) som i år holdes i New York fra 31. Januar. Wolfensohns artikel gør det klart – trods alle de tilsyneladende idealistiske ord – at vi lever i en tid, hvor politisk magt er omvendt proportional med intellektuel magt og sandhedsmagt.

Han starter med at slå fast at “vi ved at p.g.a. terroristangrebene vil væksten i udviklingslandene falde, hvilket skubber millioner af flere mennesker ned over fattigdomsgrænsen og vil give anledning til at titusinder af børn dør af fejlernæring, sygdom og nød”. Der er ingen reference til hvorfra denne analyse er taget – heller ikke noget om hvordan analysen – hvis den overhovedet findes – er lavet. Vil disse titusinder dø på en måned, på et år, på et tiår fra nu? Hvordan vil de adskille sig fra de 40,000 børn, som allerede dør hver dag? Hvilken sammenhæng er der mellem de 2,900 personers død i New York og Washington og så disse børns død ?

Vort fælles mål, siger Wolfensohn, må være a) at bekæmpe fattigdom, b) fremme retfærdighed og bekæmpe at mennesker holdes udenfor samt c) bringe de marginaliserede ind i den globale økonomis hovedstrøm. Vi kan gøre det, siger han, ved tiltag der hjælper med at bekæmpe konflikter. Sådanne generelle målformuleringer er ikke netop nye. At komme med den slags uden et eneste eksempel på konkrete handlinger, der kan gøres for deres virkeliggørelse, hjælper ingen.

Først og fremmest siger Verdensbankspræsidenten, der selv er investeringsbankmand, intet om årsagerne, som han ser dem, til verdens fattigdom og udstødning. Hvis ‘vi’ ønsker at gøre noget ved et problem, er det nyttigt at hvide, hvad årsagen til problemer er. Ved han simpelthen ikke hvad årsagerne er? Hvis Wolfensohn kender årsagerne, er de så simpelthen for kontroversielle til at blive sat på print? Er han bange for at henlede opmærksomheden på bestemte aktiviteter, strukturer, organisationer eller aktører som mere er dele af problemet end af løsningen?

For det andet taler han om den globale økonomi. Taget bogstaveligt betyder det, at der kun er, eller kun kan være, en økonomi. Logisk set må det være den økonomi, vi har, fyldt som den er med fattigdom og udelukkelse. Altså globaliserings- økonomien. Wolfensohn nævner faktisk, at noget over 1 milliard mennesker, næsten 20 % af den menneskelige familie, lever for under $1/dag. Hvordan skal de komme ind i varmen? Forestil dig, at Verdensbanken ansatte bare 10 af dem for at gå foran med et godt eksempel. Hvis det synes utænkeligt så er årsagen at vi lever i forskellige verdener, på trods af hr. Wolfensohns påstand om at vi alle lever i en og samme økonomi. Hvis ‘vi’ ikke kan tage os af de få, hvor dan skal vi så sørge for de mange?

Hvordan ser så denne eneste økonomi ud? 51 af verdens 100 største økonomiske enheder er private virksomheder. Globalt har 358 dollar milliardærer samme rigdom som de 49 % fattigste af verdens befolkning. 359 virksomheder svarer for 40 % af verdens handel. Koreas Daewoo med en arbejdsstyrke på 91000 har samme årlige omsætning som Bangladesh med en befolkning på 116 millioner.

Hverken virksomhederne eller verdens finansielle institutioner har skyggen af det demokrati, som de hylder i den politiske sfære. Ingen af deres bestyrelser har valgte repræsentanter for råvareproducenterne eller for arbejderne i de lande, hvor de virker, eller for forbrugerne eller de miljøfolk, der arbejder med konsekvenserne af disse industriers affald. Der er næppe heller nogen plan om at vælge Verdensbankens bestyrelse selv gennem en eller anden verdensdækkende borgerbaseret demokratisk procedure – eller bare at forandre den kendsgerning, at ét land – USA – har 16 % af stemmerne. Folket er for at sige det rent ud, udelukket. Der eksisterer intet økonomisk demokrati.

Hvad der findes er en stadig tydeligere autoritær holdning hos vest-baserede ledere. De ser sig selv som forsvarere for frihed og frit valg, de ser sig som liberale – men der skal kun være en økonomi. Globalisering handler om at én økonomisk filosofi spreder sig over resten af verden: det handler ikke om flere forskellige økonomier – f.eks. buddhistisk, hindu, muslimsk, grøn, kvinde, barfods-, Gandhiansk, Keynesiansk, velfærds- eller blandede økonomiske systemer – sameksisterende og samarbejdende. Der skal være enhed, enhed gennem standardisering og ensretning ikke enhed af forskellighed. Altså enhed gennem enfoldighed i stedet for mangfoldighed. De som er udelukket og ‘syge’ skal derfor, og med taknemlighed, modtage Verdensbankens standardmedicin, der nu gennemtvinges overalt på kloden.

For det tredje mener Verdensbankpræsidenten at det er vigtigt at forebygge konflikter. Hvor velmenende det end er, så er det ikke særlig gennemtænkt. Der kan ikke findes et menneskeligt, frit og demokratisk samfund nogetsteds uden konflikter. Kun et Orwellsk samfund med tankekontrol, der sikrer at alle tænker det samme. Hvad der derimod er ønskeligt er at reducere volden: den direkte, psykologiske, kulturelle og strukturelle vold.

Men megen vold begås under anvendelse af våben og det er vel fordi det militær-industrielle kompleks tjener på våbenproduktion og våbenhandel, at det ikke kan nævnes. Dette er en verden. hvor 800 milliarder USD hvert år spildes på våben til vold og drab – over 40 % heraf i øvrigt af USA alene.

Forestil dig en verdensbankspræsident der med beslutsomhed argumenterede for at vi burde reducere verdens militære arsenaler og fjerne kernevåben, begyndende i de højtudviklede lande.

Forestil dig, at han gjorde sig selv til verdens advokat Nummer 1 for den gode gamle tanke om at omstille militær produktion og forbrug til civilt. Når det kommer til stykket er Wolfensohn borger i USA; USA bomber først Afghanistan, så lover man 300 millioner USD som hjælp til genopbygning og derefter øger man sit egen forsvarsbudget til 400,000 millioner USD! Den grundlæggende prioritering hos hr Wolfensohn’s ligemænd er helt forkert og dødsens farlig. De forhindrer ham i at opnå den bedre verden, han siger, at han ønsker. Men vover han at sige det?

Hvad skal ‘vi’ så gøre efter den 11. september i følge hr Wolfensohn? For det første ‘øge’ hjælpen til udlandet. For det andet, reducere handelshindringer. For det tredje give større opmærksomhed til udviklingsbistanden, så den giver gode resultater. Det betyder, skriver han, forbedre klimaet for investeringer, produktiviteten, vækst og beskæftigelse og investere i fattige folk og sætte dem i stand til fuldt ud at deltage i væksten. Og for det fjerde, arbejde internationalt med globale spørgsmål som terrorismen, AIDS, økonomisk stabilitet etc. ‘Alt dette må vi gøre med udviklingslandene i førersædet – de skal selv udvikle deres egne programmer og gøre deres egne valg.’

Mon ikke vi først skulle udrydde denne type af intellektuel fattigdom? Forfølgelsen af disse (og andre) mål har forårsaget øget ulighed over, skal vi sige de sidste 50 år. Siden 1950’erne har den globale økonomiske vækst været større end i nogen anden periode i menneskets historie uden at reducere menneskehedens grundlæggende ulighed i velstand, muligheder og velstand. Hvis forfølgelsen af disse mål faktisk gavnede hele menneskeheden ville der ikke længere være folk der døde af sult, mangel på medicin, bolig, uddannelse eller rent vand noget sted på jorden. I virkeligheden ville menneskene have fejret denne meget bedre verdens komme for længe siden – denne bedre verden, som hr Wolfensohn ønsker sig. Og det er ikke muligt at se vestens militære og økonomiske politik rundt om i verden, som udtryk for at de lokale i førersædet!

Endelig er Wolfensohns artikel helt uden et handlings- eller strategisk perspektiv. Kort sagt, hvem skal gøre hvad, eller afholde sig fra hvad, for at vi kan bevæge os i retning af en bedre og mere sikker verden. I stedet taler han om en “global koalition” en snak der forudsætter den forkerte men bekvemme antagelse, at der ikke findes interessekonflikter eller klasseskel og at systemet i grunden er godt bare der justeres lidt hist og her for at gavne de fattige. Det er den type ræsonnement, som gør det umuligt for amerikanske ledere at få tag om roden til terrorismen. I virkeligheden muliggør denne argumentation at terrorismen vil vokse.

Når man skriver artikler som denne, taler for store forsamlinger og giver pressekonferencer tjener det formentlig en eller anden markedsføringsrolle for de involverede organisationer. For individet kan det også have en vis terapeutisk funktion, som jeg dog ikke skal gå ind på hér.

Hvordan det nu end forholder sig med det: 10 års vestlig triumferen efter den kolde krigs slutning synes at have undermineret både sansen for kreativ konkurrence og intellektuel kvalitetskontrol. Pseudopolitik erstatter gradvis demokrati og debat.

Det er vederkvægende at lytte til hvad M.K. Gandhi engang sagde, ikke til Wolfensohn naturligvis, men til liggesindede magtmennesker:

Hvis der blot var en statsmand, en forretningsmand og en generalsekretær for en international økonomisk institution der havde modet at udtrykke tvivl og lade sit Selv smelte på dette Verdensøkonomiske Forum vil der være tale om et vendepunkt.

Men vil dét ske?

30 januar 2002

Oversat af Orla Jordal

© TFF 2002

Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer

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