By Gunnar Westberg

Formuleringen “”NATO:s nya, mer aggressiva kärnvapenpolicy” har två grunder, nämligen de nya vapnen och de nya formuleringarna av doktriner.

Jag föreslår att vi, när vi talar om NATO och kärnvapen, använder formuleringar liknande den första meningen. Vill man förklara sig ger andra meningen ett svar. Men det är under alla omständigheter bra om man har tillgång till nedanstående argument:

De gamla B61 var symboliska vapen. De skulle, enligt ofta upprepade försäkringar, inte användas. De var en pant på att USA inte skulle överge Europa vid ett sovjetiskt/ryskt anfall. USA har föreslagit att dessa vapen skulle tas bort, men öst-europeiska NATO-medlemmar och framför allt Frankrike (!) har starkt reagerat emot.

De nya vapnen är B 61-12. Denna bomb skiljer sig från tidigare versioner av B61 som var ”gravity bombs”, d v s föll fritt från bombplanet. B 61-12 är styrbart och har därför en träffsäkerhet inom 30 m radie. B 61-12 har en variable laddning på 0,3-340kt. Bomben förefaller vara kapabel att penetrera mer än 3 m vanlig jord innan den detonerar. Effekten på djupet blir därför flera gånger större än en bomb av motsvarande laddning skulle ge utan penetrerande förmåga.

B 61-12 blir alltså ett effektivt vapen mot vissa underjordiska mål. Bomberna har sannolikt en plats i nya, ännu inte offentliga doktriner om kärnvapen-användning, i motsats till avskräckning.

Detta vapen kan inte bäras av de flygplan som använts tidigrae, Tornado och F 16. I stället måste kärnvapenländerna köpa den nya F 35 till mycket stor kostnad (faktiskt är det historiens dyraste flygplansprogram, JÖ). Det är inte klart (för mig) vilka länder som har tilldelats B61-12 och köpt de nya planen.

Totalt har NATO 160-240 kärnvapen utplacerade i Nederländerna, Tyskland, Belgien, Italien och Turkiet. Platserna och antalet på varje bas är i huvudsak kända.

De nya doktrinerna är inte helt enkla att definiera. NATO skall fortfarande behålla sina kärnvapen så länge kärnvapen finns kvar i världen. NATO skall inte längre verka för en kärnvapenfri värld utan bara för att skapa förhållanden då en sådan värld kan vara möjlig. Alltså, ett betydligt svagare språk än tidigare. De europeiska NATO-ländernas ansvar för kärnvapenpolitiken ökar.

NATO arbetar nu för att ”skapa förhållanden i överensstämmelse med NPT, inklusive Artikel VI, för en stegvis, verifierbar väg som understödjer internationell stabilitet, baserad på principen av oförminskad säkerhet för alla.”

NATOs nukleära avskräckning vilar också till del på USAs kärnvapen i Europa, vilket inte betonades i tidigare överenskommelser.

Den som vill läsa mer, men inte orkar genom hela originaltexten, rekommenderas att läsa Susy Snyders analys.

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