PressInfo #72 – NATO na Kosovu – propalo mirotvorstvo

Da je neka UN-ova operacija od samog svog pocetka ovoliko zastranila, da je do te mere prekrsila svoj mandat, politicari, diplomate i mediji sirom sveta vec bi povikali Neuspeh! Propast! Medjutim, posto je ovo NATO-ova operacija pod vodjstvom Amerike, nezavisne ocene i kritike su (zanimljivo) izostale i u vodecim medijima i u politickim razgovorima. Poistovecivanje javnog mnenja sa NATO-ovom propagandom u svim zemljama zapadne demokratije naprosto obeshrabruje, kaze direktor TFF-a, Jan Oberg.

  1. NATO-ov PAS CE MAHATI UN-ovim REPOM

Dok su NATO trupe u Makedonij provele cak 8 poslednjih meseci, Generalni sekretar UN-a, Kofi Anan je tek 14. juna podneo plan o UN-ovoj civilnoj upravi za Kosovo. Njime se obnova prepusta EZ-u a osnovna odgovornost za uspostavljanje demokratskih institucija, organizaciju izbora i nadzor nad ostvarivanjem ljudskih prava preuzima OEBS. UNHCR-u je preputeno staranje o povratku izbeglica i raseljenih lica. Prelazna misija UN-a Uprava za Kosovo (INMIK) ce nadzirati policiju, pravosudje, skolstvo, javni prevoz, telekomunikacije i proizvodnju energije. Medjunarodne policijske snage od oko 2.000 ljudi nadzirace uspostavljanje Policijskih snaga Kosova. 12. juna Anan je postavio Podsekretara UN-a – brazilskog generala Serdja Viera de Melja za medju-medju!-specijalnog predstavnika.

Rezolucija 1244 Saveta bezbednosti dosledno pominje brzo i rano rasporedjivanje efikasnog vojnog i civilnog prisustva i dosledno naglasava istovremeno odvijanje obe ove komponente. Stvarni razvoj dogadjaja na terenu je upravo potpuno suprotan. Na ocigled svakome ko je spreman da to vidi, NATO pas zamahuje UN-ovim repom kako mu se svidi, kako hoce i kada hoce. A proci ce jos mnogo meseci dok se ne rasporede i civili i dok i oni ne pocnu da vrse svoju fukciju. Setite se samo da je skoro 5-6 meseci trebalo da se rasporedi bivsa misija od 1200 verifikatora OEBS KVM – pa su je na silu isterali zbog bombardovanja koje je isplanirao NATO.

To je prosto katastrofalno. Bas u sukobima ovakvog tipa socijalna sigurnost od sela do sela koju pruzaju prisustvo civilne policije i osoblja kancelarije koju je UN obicno nazivao Civilni poslovi su jednostavno nezamenljivi. Dok NATO za takvo nesto jednostavno nikad nije obucavan i nema bas nikakvog iskustva, i UN i OEBS i civilne ne-vladine organizacije ma gde bile takva znanja jednostavno imaju.

ZAMISLITE za promenu da su svetski lideri pozeleli da uvecaju mogucnost civilnog konflikt-menadzmenta (upravljanja sukobima), da su pozeleli da konacno sprovedu u delo najdelikatniju odredbu Povelje UN-a: onu o donosenju mira miroljubivim sredstvima. Zamislite samo kako su i medjunarodna zajednica i vodece bezbednosne organizacije svoju energiju, sredstva i kreativni potencijal od 1989 godine naovamo koristile da bi izgradile globalni sistem civilnog konflikt-menadzmenta. Kako je u UN-u stvorena baza od hiljada i hiljada civila – socijalnih radnika, psihologa, ekonomista, policajaca, pravnika, nastavnika, itd. – koji cekaju u rezervi da bi bili brzo rasporedjeni na pogodjena podrucja posle rata. Zamislite da su UN-u i OEBS-u dodelili samo delic sredstava koja su NATO-u stajala na raspolaganju. Na kraju zamislite da su civilni aspekt i ljudska dimenzija bezbednosti i resavanja sukoba uporno negovani i da je upravo tim novim, civilizovanim orudjima dat pun prioritet i zamislite da smo uopste -pre svega i najosnovnije – poslusali sva ona blagovremena upozorenja pa da smo sprecili da se rat i nasilje uopste i dogode.

  1. OSLOBODILACKA VOJSKA KOSOVA – KLA/OVK/UCK – NIJE RAZORUZANA

Rezolucija 1244 u svom clanu 9 predvidja a) kako ce prisustvo snaga bezbednosti spreciti obnavljanje neprijateljstava i b) demilitarizaciju OVK i drugih naoruzanih kosovskih albanskih grupacija. One bi trebalo da se povinuju svemu sto od njih bude zahtevao sef medjunarodnih snaga bezbednosti a uz konsultaciju sa Specijalnim predstavnikom Generalnog sekretara. A kako ce kad ovaj drugi jos nije ni stigao na lice mesta?

I zasto bi se uopste OVK s tim saglasila? Kako to oni vide, oni su oslobodili nase Kosovo(a) (doduse s nesto malo pomoci od NATO saveznika sto jest-jest) i nisu cak ni potpisnici – kao sto to uostalom nisu ni Albanci iz Albanije – sporazuma postignutog u Beogradu. Jednog od kljucnih igraca su jednostavno prevideli (ili su mu mozda nesto krisom obecali za ubuduce ako samo bude dobar?).

Govoreci otvoreno, potpuno je nemoguce ili razoruzati ili demilitarizovati snagu kakva je OVK pogotovu u ovakvom kulturnom miljeu. Za razliku od jugoslovenskih snaga OVK nije regularna vojska – mnogi njeni pripadnici su samo naoruzani civili.

  1. STABILNOST?

Rezolucijom 1244 pozdravlja se spremnost Evropske zajednice i drugih organizacija da otvore sveobuhvatni pristup ekonomskom razvoju i stabilnosti regiona pogodjenog krizom na Kosovu, ukljucujuci tu i sprovodjenje Pakta o stabilnosti za jugoistocnu Evropu. Nema nikakve sumnje da su ovakvom formulacijom obuhvacene ne samo pokrajina Kosovo nego i ostatak Jugoslavije a isto i Makedonija i Albanija kao pogodjene zemlje. I pored toga su i predsednik Klinton i predsednik Sirak a i drugi vodje vlada vec izjavili kako se nikakva ekonomska pomoc (pretpostavlja se ni pomoc za rekonstrukciju) nece uputiti u Jugoslaviju sve dok predsednik Milosevic bude tamo.

Za ovakvo uslovljavanje ne moze se naci nikakvo uporiste u Rezoluciji UN-a. Stavise, ko je taj ko ce poverovati da se moze doneti stabilnost regionu ukoliko u isto vreme 11 miliona Jugoslovena bude prisiljeno da jos decenijama zivi u ratom razorenoj zemlji i u siromastvu?

Prisetite se zavrsava Jan Oberg da je stara Jugoslavija pocela da se raspada u trenutku u kom su uticaji globalnog prestrukturiranja kapitalizma u njoj proizveli teske ekonomske krize u 1970-im i 1980-tim. Ekonomska i socijalna beda izaziva opste nezadovoljstvo, trazi zrtvenu jagnjad, izaziva nacionalizam i na kraju dovodi i do nasilja.

Zapad im je najpre uveo sankcije, izolaciju i demonizaciju, zatim je u toj drzavi unistio njeno civilno drustvo, njenu privredu a na kraju i infrastrukturu. Usput je prenebregao brigu o 650.000 izbeglica koji su u njoj pronasli utociste. Ako Zapad sad stvarno odbije da pomogne u obnovi to ce takodje biti i jasna indikacija da postoje i daljnji planovi: na pr. da se nastavi s razvaljivanjem sadasnje Jugoslavije na, recimo, Sandzak, Vojvodinu i na kraju i sam Beograd. No nemojte brinuti, menadzeri vojno-industrijsko-diplomatsko-medijskog kompleksa ce nam vec blagovremeno objasniti kako je to sve krivica samo jednog coveka i kako Srbi i onako nista bolje nisu ni zasluzili.

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