PressInfo #232 – Muhammed-karikaturerne (1): Undertrykkelsesfrihed

Af Jan Øberg, TFF direktør
8. februar, 2006

Engelsk version
Svensk version

Muhammed-karikaturerne (1): Undertrykkelsesfrihed
Muhammed-karikaturerne (2): Men der er jo en større sammenhæng
Muhammed-karikaturerne (3): Vi må lære at se vor egen kulturelle blindhed

Jylland-Postens tegninger er karikaturer med en klar tendens. De forbinder Profeten med terrorisme, kriminalitet og undertrykkelse af kvinder. Ingen af dem kan på nogen måde tjene til at fremme dialog, fælles forståelse eller en nok så nødvendig udveksling af almenviden mellem danskere og muslimer overalt. I deres ensidighed må de opfattes som krænkende.

Måske kan intensiteten i de negative reaktioner overraske. Men betragtet i konteksten af vor samtidshistorie og globaliseringen bliver offentliggørelsen af dem både tankeløs og formålsløs. Den afslører en forbløffende mangel på almendannelse og journalistisk kvalitetssans.

Den danske regering har tabt sagen på gulvet

Værre er, at regeringen hverken synes at have forstået selve sagen eller behovet for tidlig skade-minimering. Statsminister Fogh Rasmussen afviste appeller om dialog og fulgte dermed et etableret mønster der genfindes fra Irak-politikken og indvandrerdebatten: vi gør per definition intet forkert og vi har derfor intet at lære af nogen.

Hvis regeringen havde haft en slags globalforståelse kunne den have understreget Jyllands-Postens ret til at publicere karikatur-tegningerne men brugt lejligheden til at tage kraftig afstand fra den slags modproduktive, krænkende aktivitet.

Stats- og Udenrigsministerens pressekonference om eftermiddagen den 7. februar blev desværre heller ikke til meget andet end en gennemgang af hvor fortræffeligt Danmark er på andre områder, uden en antydning af beklagelse, undskyldning eller forsoning. Statsministerens understregning af at han har George W. Bush’s fulde støtte – i en tale, der især rettede sig til verdens muslimer – afslører at han forstår sørgeligt lidt af verden og den aktuelle situation.

Hvorfor er dette undertrykkelsesfrihed og ikke ytringsfrihed?

Man må hilse det velkomment at Jyllands-Postens chefredaktør har undskyldt at tegningerne har provokeret og krænket så mange; det var ikke hensigten siger han i Jyllands-Posten den 30. januar. Han henviser til at de blev publiceret som led i en løbende debat om ytringsfrihed “som vi sætter meget højt.” Det er helt fint – men hvor er det dog alligevel kulturelt blindt!

Argumentet om ytringsfrihed er gennemfalsk. At der eksisterer en virkeligt fri presse er faktisk en sandhed med betydelige modifikationer. Den måde hvorpå ledende vestlige medier behandler visse ting på – såsom deres egne regeringers deltagelse i krig – er et blandt mange eksempler på at der bedrives selvcensur og propaganda i magtens snarere end sandhedens og den frie opinionsdannelses tjeneste. At være fri presse har også altid indebåret muligheden for og friheden til at negligere, marginalisere og fortie – for eksempel den større sandhed om hvordan og hvorfor milliarder af mennesker fortsætter med at leve i fattigdom. Og den har indebåret friheden til systematisk at fokusere meget mere på regeringer end på det civile samfund.

For det andet indebærer ytringsfriheden ansvarlighed. Den er ikke ensbetydende med en ret til at ydmyge, kränke, dæmonisere, fortale eller lyve om andre. Personlig modenhed såvel som kultiveret adfærd handler også om at gøre brug af sund fornuft og empati, at vide hvad der kan og ikke kan siges hvornår og hvorfor. Journalister kan stadig vise respekt, være høflige, vise empati og opføre sig sømmeligt i forhold til deres medmennesker, kan de ikke?

Og for det tredje véd enhver, der har rejst lidt uden for egen kulturkreds, at ytrings- og andre friheder må tolkes og praktiseres i en kontekst. Det er jo dét vi fortæller vore indvandrere. Den “generaliserede” vesterlænding – altid verdens læremester, aldrig den der lærer – vil på det kraftigste frabede sig at der blev lagt for eksempel en muslimsk eller hinduisk tolkningsramme ned over hans og hendes hverdagsliv.

Selvforherligelse og institutionaliseret racisme

Jeg er dansk statsborger og har boet 33 år i Sverige. I kortere perioder har jeg arbejdet i blandt andet Somalia, overalt i det tidligere Jugoslavien, Japan og Burundi. Hvad der er sket i de senere år i Danmark finder jeg ubegribeligt både som dansker og som forsker. Jeg bliver bange – ja faktisk føler jeg frygt – når jeg tænker på de langsigtede konsekvenser af det, man kunne kalde den vestlige verdens selvforherligelse, civilisatoriske dominans og institutionaliserade racisme.

Så “naturlig” og så indgroet er den blevet siden den Kolde Krig sluttede at hverken danskerne eller andre vesterlændinge i almindelighed synes at kunne se den. Med krigen mod terrorismen er vi allerede langt inde i en ny kold krig – uden nogen som helst god grund men på grund af den menneskelige dårskab der dannes ved kombinationen af kulturel arrogance på den ene side og fraværet af enhver selvkritik og indlevelse i andres situation (empati) på den anden.

Jeg tror ikke et øjeblik på at Muhammed-karikaturerne eller pressefrihedsargumentet er noget andet end dråben, der får bægeret til at flyde over, en serie af kulturel blinde ydmygelser af ikke-vesterlændinge. Der bygges på århundreder af ydmygelse og ufølsomhed over for dem der er “anderledes”. Med denne kulturelle blindhed projicerar vi vore egne mørke egenskaber over på “de andre.”

Så befriet fra empati er dansk politik blevet at den danske udenrigsminister, Per Stig Møllers, foretrukne og gentagne ord er: Uacceptabelt! – men ikke om f.eks. hans egen regerings indvandrerpolitik eller dens deltagelse i folkemord og massemord på det irakiske folk, men derimod på – ja, naturligvis – muslimernes reaktion på denne regerings politik. I stigende omfang vinkler nu pressen historien som om Danmark var offer og muslimers reaktioner rundt omkring overdrevne og iscenesatte. Mens det sidste kan være sandt i visse tilfælde så er Danmark ikke et offer i denne sag.

Få danskere og alt for få danske medier synes villige til at rejse de bredere kontekstuelle spørgsmål i denne sag. Det snævre syn forhindrer at man spørger sig selv om Danmarks politik – Irak, indvandringen, islamofobien, nærheden til USA’s imperialistiske politik, etc – kunne være den væsentligste årsag til hele miséren.

De ser mit land som en bøllestat og jeg kan ikke bebrejde dem

Lad os antage at danskerne og deres politikere stadig har almendannelse og menneskelig modenhed. I så fald ville det stå dem klart, at der nu er brug for en vis tilbageholdenhed og selvrefleksion, måske en undskyldning og nogle forsonende initiativer. En civilisation, der ikke opviser nogle af disse egenskaber, er en civilisation i forfald, og i forfaldsprocessen vil den være farlig for både sig selv og andre. Den bliver en bøllecivilisation.

I disse dage frygter jeg at den vestlige civilisation i stigende grad opfattes af andre som blottet for indlevelse og medfølelse, for egentlig åben debat og for den civilcourage der er brug for når man skal sige “Undskyld, vi skulle have håndteret det hér lidt anderledes.”

Det land jeg er født og opvokset i betragtes nu som en bøllestat af millioner af medmennesker, vi aldrig burde have trådt på. Det hér drejer sig ikke om hvorvidt nogle mennesker dømmer Danmark som helhed for hårdt; det gør de såmænd nok. Det helt centrale er at den aktuelle danske politik er hovedårsagen til at millioner har fået dette billede af Danmark og danskerne.

Det kan meget vel tænkes at vi nu er vidner til begyndelse af en udvikling, der efterhånden vil ende i en katastrofe for os alle.

Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer

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