Ministerbetjening, ministerbetjening, ministerbetjening

Av

FRANK SØHOLM GREVIL

16 augusti 2004

 Vi er nu nået til tredje akt i det absurde teaterstykke, der i analogi med de store skueprocesser i Moskva 1936-38 er blevet døbt ‘Grevil-sagen’.

Første akt bestod i min anonyme fremlæggelse af egenhændigt nedklassificerede rapporter i Berlingske Tidende i februar og marts.

Andet akt udgjordes af min fremtræden med navn og billede i Information i april samt den efterfølgende mediestorm, som uden min direkte medvirken kostede en forsvarsminister taburetten samt en sigtelse for brud på tavshedspligten.

Tredje akt bliver en retssag, hvor jeg står tiltalt for at have overtrådt straffelovens bestemmelser om uberettiget videregivelse eller udnyttelse af fortrolige oplysninger. Statsanklageren har ovenikøbet valgt at påberåbe sig særligt skærpende omstændigheder. Da jeg aldrig har modtaget betaling for at stille rapporterne til rådighed eller lade mig interviewe, må det skærpende bestå i, at “videregivelsen eller udnyttelsen er sket under sådanne omstændigheder, at det påfører andre en betydelig skade eller indebærer en særlig risiko herfor”.

Det tog lang tid for statsadvokaten at bedømme, om sagen burde fremmes. Om det er udtryk for særlig grundige juridiske overvejelser, ved jeg ikke. Om der er blevet konspireret på regeringsniveau eller blandt de øverste embedsmænd i magtapparatet, ved jeg indlysende nok heller ikke.

Af de avisklip, jeg har gemt, kan jeg se, at jeg gentagne gange har udtrykt dét budskab, der lå mig mindst lige så meget på sinde som belysningen af beslutningsgrundlaget for at deltage i krigen mod Irak: Der er noget rivende galt i Forsvarets Efterretningstjeneste. Og det drejer sig ikke om brug af ulovlige metoder over for landets egne indbyggere, men om at Danmark gennem en årrække har været blindt med hensyn til begivenhederne i de dele af verden, hvorfra de største trusler mod nationen og dens allierede udgår.

Hvad er der galt i FE? Årsagen til blindheden skyldes manglende omstilling til tiden efter Warszawapagtens og siden Sovjetunionens fald, og der findes kun én forklaring på dette åbenlyse svigt: inkompetence hos den politisk udpegede øverste ledelse for FE og manglende vilje og gennemslagskraft hos skiftende forsvarsministre til at skaffe sig indblik i forholdene.

I den forbindelse er det væsentligt at understrege, at Forsvarets Efterretningstjeneste, navnet og de mange militære medarbejdere til trods, ikke er en del af Forsvaret, men en statsinstitution direkte underlagt Forsvarsministeren. FE har gennem årene udviklet sig fra at beskæftige sig med en blanding af militære og politisk-strategiske analyser til at blive en politisk tænketank for de centrale ministerier. Paradoksalt nok synes ingen i de centrale ministerier at læse FE’s rapporter.

Forsvaret, som FE støt og roligt har ‘glemt’, er i dag henvist til at skaffe sig nødvendige efterretninger andre steder fra.

Et stort problem for modtagerne af FE’s skriftlige og mundtlige produkter er, at det ikke fremgår, i hvor høj grad indholdet af en given rapport er baseret på fordækte (men efter dansk ret lovlige) egenindhentede oplysninger. Det åbner rige muligheder for at levere rapporter med kort varsel eller endda på forkant, men helt uden islæt af egenindhentede oplysninger. I den forbindelse er Internettet en velsignelse, og det er de store, internationale aviser og tv-kanaler også, for slet ikke at tale om allierede efterretningstjenester. Nok så mange fagligt tunge eksperter i FE kan ikke opveje manglen på egne kilder.

Hvorfor skulle nogen ansvarlig chef i FE ønske en sådan tingenes tilstand? Det er næppe udtryk for en aktiv beslutning, men er konsekvensen af manglende tilpasning til udviklingen op gennem 1990’erne, hvor først Warszawapagten og siden Sovjetunionen faldt fra hinanden. Det var fra den del af verden, den største trussel mod ikke bare danske interesser men dansk område udgik, og det var en del af verden, som Danmark i kraft af sin geografiske beliggenhed havde særligt gode forudsætninger for at skaffe fordækte oplysninger fra.

Pludselig befandt FE sig i et vakuum, hvor danske militære styrker måtte påregne indsættelse alle andre steder end i Danmark og Nordtyskland, og hvor behovet for viden om verden flyttede langt bort &emdash; til Nordafrika og Asien. Det var i denne periode, der dukkede et mantra op, som angiveligt stammer fra FE, og som lige siden har været dimensionerende for det hjemlige forsvar af Danmark &emdash; også i det seneste forsvarsforlig: ‘Rusland vil ikke inden for en horisont på 10 år kunne gennemføre et angreb mod dansk område.’

Hvad angår omstillingen til at se på andre dele af verden, så gik det udmærket med eks-Jugoslavien, fordi der var danske styrker på stedet, som alligevel ifølge deres standardfremgangsmåder gennemførte indhentning til taktisk brug. Disse oplysninger tilgodeså i stort omfang samtidig FE’s behov for strategisk indhentning, fordi eks-Jugoslavien havde høj prioritet. For FE har der været tale om et lykketræf, for intet tyder på, at man helhjertet har omstillet sin indhentningsvirksomhed til en ny tids trusler.

Hvem er de chefer, der har tilladt FE at degenerere til politisk tænketank? Det er chefer, der er udpeget til disse vigtige poster på grundlag af lang og tro tjeneste i Forsvarsministeriets departement. Problemet er bare, at ministeriernes departementer tjener tre formål: ministerbetjening, ministerbetjening og ministerbetjening. Der er tale om gennempolitiserede ‘nulfejlskulturer’ med stramme kommandoveje og bureaukrati. Lang tids tjeneste og forfremmelse i et sådant miljø må nødvendigvis føre til, at vigtige lederegenskaber som initiativ og handlekraft visner bort, og det, uanset om man har en militær eller en akademisk baggrund.

Når jeg taler om politiske tænketanke, tænker jeg blandt andet på Dansk Institut for Internationale Studier (DIIS). Der findes også i de centrale ministerier tænketanke i form af ‘internationale kontorer’ og lignende, som kan rådgive respektive ministre, så her oplever man næppe noget behov for FE’s konkurrence. Jeg kender flere af DIIS’ forskere og har intet at udsætte på deres arbejde, men jeg kritiserer på det skarpeste, at FE duplikerer DIIS’ arbejde. Det er alene de fordækte kilder, der adskiller en efterretningstjeneste fra et nyhedsmedie &emdash; også selv om de måske kun udgør nogle få procent af det samlede kildegrundlag for dens rapportering.

Landspolitikere må formodes at have valgt deres erhverv, fordi de ikke er bange for at træffe beslutninger. De bør ikke være afhængige af rapporter, der argumenterer for netop dén beslutning, de på et givet tidspunkt måtte være i færd med at overveje. Til det formål har de deres regeringskolleger samt medarbejderne i departementet og eventuelle rådgivere i partiorganisationerne.

Dét, som stats-, udenrigs- og forsvarsministeren har brug for, er selvstændige vurderinger, der bunder i solidt efterretningsarbejde, uanset hvor ubekvemme vurderingerne måtte være for en given politisk beslutning. En politiker, der ikke tør træffe beslutninger på ufuldstændigt grundlag og under inddragelse af upopulære vurderinger bør finde sig et andet erhverv. Ihvertfald bør han ikke forfalde til at indsætte lakajer i ministeriets underlagte myndigheder.

Jeg anklager skiftende forsvarsministre for at have forfremmet og forflyttet embedsmænd til de øverste stillinger i FE, selv om de burde have indset, at de pågældende ikke besad lederkvalifikationer og umuligt ville kunne løfte opgaven med at omstille organisationen til nye tider.

Jeg anklager skiftende forsvarsministre for at have forsømt deres ansvar ved ikke at skaffe sig indblik i arbejdet i FE, men forlade sig på FE’s skriftlige årsberetninger, som ikke overraskende siger, at ‘her går det godt, send flere penge’.

Jeg anklager FE’s skiftende chefer for at have forsømt at omstille organisationen, men i stedet lade den degenerere til et niveau, hvor den ikke kan leve op til sit eksistensformål, nemlig at »indsamle, bearbejde og formidle informationer om forhold i udlandet af betydning for Danmarks sikkerhed« (Forsvarsloven kapitel 4).

Jeg anklager FE’s skiftende chefer for at have accelereret degenerationen ved efter ‘Rip-Rap-Rup-princippet’ at trække flere inkompetente chefer til og indsætte dem på nøgleposter, således at FE er endt med at få trukket dén bureaukratiske ‘nulfejlskultur’ ned over sig, som totalt har handlingslammet organisationen.

Frank Søholm Grevil er tidligere ansat i Forsvarets Efterretningstjeneste.

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