Kriget har sin egen logik. När så stora krig pågår för fullt blir fredsmarchernas “Stoppa kriget” tyvärr orealistiskt- vill säga, medmindre USA kommer att sitta fast eller barbariet blir så vidrigt och kriget sprida sig så en förhandlat vapenvila måste förhandlas fram mellan många parter.

George W. Bush och Saddam Hussein har satsat allt på vad jag förmodar kan bli bådas sista kraftmätning. De lyssnar inte på folkopinionen, de lever isolerade i sin egen värld utan mycket kontakt med verkligheten eller empati med andras lidande. Dessutom står i detta kriget ofantligt stora statliga intressen på spel för såväl USA och övriga västvärlden som för Irak. Det kan bli det mest konsekvensrika kriget sedan 1945.

Men i de kommande månaderna blir det viktigt att ständigt dokumentera krigets allmänna meningslöshet, inhumanitet och diktatur. Vi måste hela tiden visa hur kriget självt och dess resultat står i motsats till de officiellt framförda motiven om nedrustning, demokrati, mänskliga rättigheter, FN-stadgan, folkrätten och talan om frihet. Vi måste ha ett kritiskt öga på allt som sägs i medier och surfa Internet för att lära hur begivenheterna beskrivs och diskuteras i icke-västliga medier.

Den svenska regeringen kan också använda tiden på att erkänna en gång för alla att det i vår tid behövs självständiga analyser, tidig konflikthantering och mod att stå upp för vissa principer även om det kan innebära konflikt med USA; det räcker inte att bara positionera sig och säga att ett krig är OK om det bara har “FN”-mandat och sedan, när man upptäcker var vinden blåser, vända och säga att det samma kriget är oacceptabelt.

En bred samhällsdebatt måste också sparkas igång om vem som egentligen ska få styra i efterkrigstidens Irak, på vilka premisser och hur länge. Två scenarier bör redan kunna uteslutas som helt oacceptabla. För det första att enbart de som kallas “oppositionen” och som i åratal har befunnit sig utanför Irak och som i praktiken ingen i Irak – där hälften är barn och unga under 16 år – känner ska ta över hela makten. Den andra oacceptabla framtiden är att landet ska ledas av USA och i praktiken ha Colin Powell och eller Donald Rumsfeld som de facto statsöverhuvuden.

Det vore önskvärd att framför allt FN och EU och de kringliggande oljestaterna samarbetade om återuppbyggnaden av Irak. USA, England och de andra krigsförande kan, efter vad som kommer att vara ett sällan skådat barbari, mycket väl komma att ha så lite legitimitet i världens ögon att en global moralisk opinion bör kunna förhindra aggressorerna i att spela någon avgörande roll i efterkrigstidens Irak. Själv skulle jag finna det rimligt att aggressorerna står för merparten av kostnaderna för det omedelbara humanitära biståndet plus återuppbyggnad plus krigsskådestånd plus kompensation för 12 års sanktioner och att det blir FN som, i samarbete med irakier som har rena händer, får ansvaret för det enorma projektet.

Sedan kommer frågan om en internationell sanningskommission, som kan ta reda på vad som under krigsförberedelserna var medveten propaganda och lögn. Sedan frågan om vem som gjort vad under krigshandlingarna. Och frågan: vad kan vi ex-post fastställa som sanningen om Irak innehav av massförstörande vapen, sanktionernas effekter på befolkningen, etc.

Detta ska ses i relation till det stora arbete som direkt måste involvera oss alla, regeringar som folkrörelser: hur kan vi befrämja försoning mellan irakierna själva och mellan dem och resten av världen, oss själva? Hur kan vi i varje steg efter kriget bygga in en försonings-komponent? Hur kan vi i väst lära oss mycket mer om Irak, irakisk kultur och historie, om arabiska värden om Islam? Det kommer att vara avgörande för vår framtid och för möjligheten att reducera risken för terror mot väst att vi öppnar våra hjärtan mot dem. Detta kommer att vara en folkupplysande uppgift av dimensioner som långt övergår satsningen på att utbreda kunskapen om Förintelsen. Nu gäller det den framtid vi kan påverka och om att förebygga ett civilisations- och religionshat.

Det finns mycket annat att göra i dessa dagar och kommande månader. Vi bör diskutera om inte aggressorernas statsledare kan ställas inför rätta, även om in absentio, i den nya internationella krigsförbrytaredomstolen under FN. Kanske bör folkrörelser återskapa något i stil med Russell-tribunalen under Vietnamkriget.

Och kanske bör världen, också den svenska staten, avsätta medel till forskning i frågor som: hur får vi stopp på den internationella vapenhandel – problemet Saddam är ju inget annat än resultatet av många länders och företags cyniska vapenexport? Hur kan vi starka FN så ingen medlemsstat framöver ens kan försöka dominera det och styra dess generalsekreterare? Hur kan vi starka principerna om tidig varning, medling, förebyggande diplomati när det verkligen behövs som mest? Vad får människor till att försonas och förlåta? Hur befrämjar vi inter-kulturell kunskap och fredsundervisning i våra skolor? Vad bör Sverige och andra länder kunna göra i framtida situationer om EU:s gemensamma utrikespolitik fortsätter vara en omöjlighet? Och vad bör vi lära av fredsskapande fiaskon som Kroatien, Bosnien, Kosovo, Makedonien, Somalia, Afghanistan – så vi inte gör något liknande i fallet Irak och i senare krisområen?

Kriget är fruktansvärt. Just därför bör vi kontra bombarnas terror med konkreta frågor om vad vi slutligen bör dra för slutsats om våldet som sådant – och hur vi alla kommer vidare fram mot en värld med mycket mindre våld, en värld som leds med hjärna och hjärta och inte bara med musklar.

Finns det så mycket annat att göra som samtidigt hjälper oss återerövra hoppet och ger konkret uttryck för respekt och medmänsklighet med de som just nu lider och dör i Irak?

© TFF & the author 2003  

PhD, Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer, Professor Emeritus and media commentator

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