Irak 2
Helsingborgs Dagblad

Sådan kan det se ud, hvis man en tilfældig aften zapper på fjernsynet i Baghdad.

TV 1 har en engelsk-amerikansk action film med øksemord. TV 2 har fodbold i direktsending. En anden kanal har et interview med en brittisk aktivist, som har taget medicin med til Irak og taler om, hvor vigtigt det er at informere mennesker derhjemme. Det foregår på engelsk uden oversættelse; såvidt jeg opfatter er det en del af Iraq Highlight, det ene af de to programmer jeg ser, som har international profil. Her bliver seerne oplyst om, hvad der er sket i løbet af dagen; forskellige lederes møde med diplomater, regimets politiske fokus, og, naturligvis, hvem Saddam Hussein har truffet i dag, skrevet til eller fået brev fra. En aften lovpriser han flyvevåbnets heroiske kamp og beredskab mod aggressioner.

På Iraq Satelite Channel vises der ved midnatstid Press Review. Her fortælles hvad aviser i udlandet, specielt i Vest, har skrevet om Irak. Man citerer især artikler som er kritiske til vestverdenen og USAs politik. Den internationelle nyhedsoversigt har disse indslag: Irak bekæmper terrorismen i verden, men USA er den største terrorist af alle. Forbedrede relationer og samarbejdsaftaler med andre arabiske stater. Irak har forbedret forholdet til både Iran og Saudiarabien. Eksport af irakisk råolje fra (fra?, jeg er usikker på hvad meningen er/eller er det måske en trykfejl?) Tyrkiet genoptages. Jordskælv i Taiwan. Varmebølge i Indien. Arabiske stater støtter de modige palestinensere i deres kamp. (Jeg tænker på, hvor nyttigt det er for mig sådan at få tilgang til det verdensbillede, irakerne lever med.)

Senere tilbyder kanalen IrakTV en dokumentar om staten Israels fødsel, terroren under Begin og Shamir, Ben Gurions lederskab, Klagemuren i Jerusalem og dagens sionisme, (som irakerne for øvrigt ser som et større problem end USA). På andre kanaler vises arabiske musikvideoer, rapport fra en militær træningslejr og, javist da, en film med Julia Roberts.

En eftermiddag ved 16-tiden kan jeg se arabisk solodans ackompagneret af et traditionelt orkester med smægtende violiner. En lavstammet kvinde med røde læber, rigeligt brøstmål, langt hår og vuggende hofter, danser i en stram, sort kjole, – ekspressivt, to say the least. Nabokanalens disco-gogo girl, som forresten ikke står tilbage for sine vesterlandske søstrer i afklædthed, kan gå hjem og lægge sig i sammenligning med denne pige og også de andre, der danser forføreriskt og graciøst efter hende.

Amerikansk kultur lukkes virkelig ikke ude her. Stort set hver dag ser jeg amerikansk film på en eller anden kanal. Det morsomme med dem er, at lyd og billede pludselig kan stoppe, og så kommer der et skilt som siger, at denne film er i privat eje, og at man, hvis man har lejet den, skal ringe til et nr. i New York! Det er altså formodentlig stjålne videofilm fra forskellige steder i verden. Flere var tekstet på japansk, og en Disney-film havde svensk tekst!

Om morgenen ser man ofte, på en eller flere kanaler, landets symbol med ørnen og et hjerteformet flag i midten. Udfra dette hjerte stiger så Saddam Husseins ansigt frem og man ser billeder af soldater der marcherer og “smørsangere”, der synger til Saddams ære. Det er selvfølgelig umuligt at glemme, hvem der har magten her. Der er tusindvis af monumenter og malerier (gudsforbarmende dårlige kunsteriskt set) på Baghdads gader; og i enhver offentlig modtagning, på ethvert kontor, er der mindst en, ofte tre – fire, billeder af Saddam i alle mulige poser og antræk. En unik personkult og, for mig, patetisk. Jeg tolker den som at Saddam vil huskes, ikke bare mens han er her, men også efter sin tid, sådan i stil med Nebukadnesar. Der foregår altså konstant en slags planlægning for udødelighed. Man kan spekulere på, om der virkelig er nogen der ser disse portrætter på gader og veje, mere end man f.eks.ser gadelygter eller fortovskanter.

På Iraq Satelite Channel News omkring midnat d. 20 – 21 maj: President Saddam Hussein er formand for årets 27. kabinetsmøde i årets Højeste Revolutionære Kommandørråd.(?? el. kommandoråd?? eller befalingsråd??) Han er den eneste der optræder i civil, alle ministre er i grønne uniformer og baskerhuer; de rejser sig og gør honnør når han træder ind. Rummets væge er hvide og lyset siver ind gennem hvide gardiner. Iraks flag står til venstre i billedet bag Saddam. Der er blomsterarrangementer og vandglas på bordet, ingen papirstabler eller tegn på at man har travlt. Speakeren siger blot få ord. Kameraet fokuserer så på Presidenten, hvis ansigt hverken afslører indre eller ydre bevægelse. Sekvensen gentages, hvorefter speakeren tier. I godt et minuts tid understreges rummets sakrale karakter af en langsom sekvens fra en Bach-kantate. Jeg oplever det som rendyrket politisk religion! TV-billedet bliver atter levende for til sidst at gentages, nu med underlagt marchmusik. Derefter ser vi at det 33. internetcafé er blevet åbnet i Baghdad. Det er noget forvirrende, eftersom der samtidigt bliver sagt, at sanktionerne har forhindret at komputerer kommer ind i Irak (fordi de jo kan bruges både civilt og mililtært), men man må ikke glemme smuglertrafikken! Internet holder altså sit indtog i Irak, ligesom e-mail, naturligvis. Satelit-TV har det lidt sværere. Privatpersoner må ikke have egen parabol, og skulle de have det alligevel, oppe på taget – gemt bagved vandtanken, som findes på alle tage, så risikerer de at naboer og endda slægtninge angiver dem. Synderen må bøde med hvad der modsvarer 500 dollar, og angiveren bliver belønnet med 250, hvilket er en enorm sum for almindelige mennesker, hvis månedsløn eller pension kan være på ca. 5 – 10 dollar. Det er frestende at blive angiver!

Til sidst, hvordan ser det ud på avisområdet? Da jeg ikke kan læse arabisk, har jeg ingen opfatning af de tre eksisterende morgenaviser, hvilke, i følge oplysninger, tilhører hæren og Baath-partiet. Den 22. maj havde de alle tre det samme billede – presidenten i forhandling med en delegation af en eller anden slag, – samme rubricering, samme placering på forsiden. Der er en engelsksproget morgenavis, Iraq Daily, som altid giver et citat (i dårlig oversættelse, siges det) af Saddam Hussein og ellers indeholder indenrigs, internationonelle og arabiske nyheder samt features, samfund, sundhed, livsstil, kultur, videnskab, teknologi og IT-information. I udgaven fra d.28. maj var der 4 sider kultur, litteratur og film og en eneste side med sport, altså en, i min smag, bedre balance end i den vestlige verdens medier! En del af artiklerne handler om vestlige forfattere eller kunstnere og er oversætninger fra f.eks. BBC materiale. (Se selv på www.uruklink.net/iraqdaily

Det er sandt nok, at der ikke er fri presse og fri debat her. Vestlige kilder gør gældende at alle medier kontroleres af Saddam, af en af hans sønner eller af en anden slægtning. Deraf skal man imidlertid ikke drage den slutsats, at irakerne er uinformerede, uvidende eller ikke kan tænke selv. I virkeligheden ved de meget mere om vestverdenen via radio, tv, internet og aviser, end hvad vi ved om Irak. Og det er vores problem, – og det viser at VI har en ufri presse på en anden måde, styret af andre interesser, men sandelig ikke fri.

PhD, Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer, Professor Emeritus and media commentator

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