Kalejdoskop 97 – UD bör offentliggöra Rambouillet-dokumenten

När Jugoslavien och dess Kosovo-provins i dessa veckor bombas är det en unik och ödesmättat begivenhet i Europa och i internationell historia. Danmark, Norge och många andra är i krig. Det mänskliga lidandet och den skapade humanitära katastrofens omfattning motiverar extraordinära insatser. Vi upplever nu Balkan-dramats 8:e akt.

Akt 1 – Konfliktens ekonomiska rötter. Vi börjar i 70- och 80-talets förändringar i den globala kapitalismen som medförde att industrigrenar som Jugoslavien byggde sin välfärd på – såsom elektronik, textilier, skeppsvarv, bilar och vapen – flyttades till låglöneländer i Asien. Det hände efter oljekrisen och stoppet för arbetskraftinvandring i Europa – viktigt i och med att 15% av landets BNP kom härifrån. Därpå bröt Jugoslaviens blandekonomi och självförvaltnings-system samman.

Akt 2 – Inre social kris och yttre ekonomisk intervention. Nu följer social och ekonomisk nedgång, avskedanden och anpassning till Världsbankens och Valutafondets krav. Sistnämnda krävde att hänsyntagandet till etnisk balans slopades i Jugoslaviens finansinstitutioner och omfördelningsfond. Klyftan i levnadsstandard mellan Slovenien och Kroatien å ena sidan och Montenegro, Kosovo och Makedonien å den andra sida växte till 10:1. Även om stora belopp omfördelades till Kosovo så blev också Serbien fattigare medan albanerna investerade en del av biståndet – i Makedonien. Innan ridån går ned för denna akt gråter miljoner vid Tito’s begravning.

Akt 3 – Kommunismens sammanbrott och trauma-mobilisering. När det går illa ska någon ha skulden. Obearbetade trauman från Andra Världskriget aktualiseras. På den socio-ekonomiska kollapsen följde nationalismens uppgång. Mot slutet av 3:akten faller kommunismen och Sovjetunionen samman. Jugoslavien var visserligen inte ett vanligt kommunistiskt land men det uppstår ett politisk vakum. Det fylls olyckligt nog av en västvärldens krav på snabb övergång till mångpartisystem som – tillsammans med de andra centrifugala krafterna – slungar landet ut i en konstitutionell kris.

Självdestruktionen med krig i Slovenien och Kroatien de föregående akter. Det är ungefär här folk tror att problemet började, alltså 1991. Det internationella samfundet tror att problemet ligger i parternas användning av VÅLD. Det innebär att ingen gör något för att diagnosticera eller behandla de underliggande KONFLIKTER, som har ackumulerats och som är ORSAKEN till våldet.

Akt 4 – Det internationella samfundet kommer in på scenen. Efter de för landet skadliga effekterna av kapitalismens utveckling och kommunismens avveckling bidrar väst nu effektivt till att landet bryts ner i sina – förmodade – beståndsdelar. Etniskt rena stater skapas ur multietnicitet. Erkännandet av Slovenien och Kroatien i strid med alla europeiska princip etablerar tre mönster i västlig såkallad konflikthantering: a) total ignorering av komplexitet, b) psyko-kulturell felbedömning av hur våra tilltag uppfattas på Balkan och c) man tar ideligen steg som inte är relaterade till en större plan eller strategi. Lika lite som man då visste vad man skulle göra med resten av Jugoslavien efter erkännandet vet man i dag vad man skall göra efter förstörelsen av Jugoslavien.

Akt 5 – Bosniskt Bråk. Eftersom allting hänger ihop med allt annat i detta drama, blev oundvikligen Bosnien nästa krigsskådeplats med bland annat ett numera glömt muslimskt-kroatiskt krig och ett glömt muslimskt-muslimskt krig och en de facto kroatisk ministat i Bosnien, som officiellt inte existerar, Herceg-Bosna. Väst hamrar Dayton-avtalet på plats, som återigen inte gör något åt KONFLIKTERNA utan bara lägger lock på VÅLDET. Man glömmer förresten att fråga befolkningen vilken framtiden de önskar. Exit FN, NATO in.

Avtalet tog tre år längre än vad som hade behövts. Skillnaden mellan de första planerna och Dayton ligger begravda på Bosniens kyrkogårdar. Och väst gjorde sig beroende av tre presidenter, som för det första inte representerade NÅGON i Bosnien och för det andra själva – även om också på olika sätt – i samråd med varandra hade skrivit sorgemusikken och själva dirigerade kapellet i orkestergraven. Det är också i denna akt, i maj 1995, som Kroatien med USA:s aktiva hjälp fördriver 300.000 legitima serbisk-kroatiska medborgare, som tillsammans med lika många andra serber från Slovenien, Bosnien och Makedonien gav Serbien Europas största flyktingproblem. Ingen har gjort något för att hjälpa dem. Exit serbiska offer.

Akt 6 – Stiltje före stormen. Kosovo var nummer 1 på listan över varningar för konflikter i världen, som skulle övergå i krig om intet gjordes. Väst som från början slopade varje diagnos kör nu tomgång på två ödesmättade ryggmärgsreaktioner: a) allt vad serberna säger är trams eller uttryck för brottslighet, och 2) av just det skälet är allt vad alla andra säger och gör OK. Det internationella samfundet sade att det visste att Belgrad skapade en polisstat i Kosovo, vilket var sant. Men det lätt också som om det inte visste att kosovo-albanerna sedan 1993 med västlig hjälp byggde upp en befrielsearmé, UCK. Den kommer upp till ytan 1998, i nästa akt.

Akt 7 – Krig i Kosovo. Fundamentalister på alla sidor – också i det internationella samfundet – fick medvind. Exit moderate Dr. Rugova och serbiska intellektuella. USA och EU ser albanerna som hävstång för deras helt personifierade konflikt med Slobodan Milosevic, dramats förmodade enda skurk. Albanerna såg NATO som kombinerad flygvapen för sig och barnmoska för det självständiga Kosova och – hoppades många – för Storalbanien. Ungefär 2000 dog i strider, drygt 200.000 fördrevs – ungefär lika stora andelar av den serbiska och den albanska befolkningen där.

Denna akt avslutas med ett avtal mellan Milosevic och Holbrooke i oktober om att jugoslaviska styrkor skall dras tillbaka och OSCE komma in – däremot INTE att UCK skall upphöra med sin verksamhet. UCK erövrar därför 30 procent av Kosovo. Bakom ryggen på Milosevic bygger NATO upp en styrka i Makedonien, officiellt för att skydda OSCE.

Akt 8 – Rambouillet och NATO-krig. Den albanska och jugoslaviska delegationen träffas aldrig ansikte-mot-ansikte i Paris, det finns inga förhandlingar. Den amerikanske ambassadör Hills dokument läggs på bordet och “medlarna” säger: Skriv på! Belgrad säger ja till självstyre i Kosovo, men albanerna säger nej därför att de inte får en självständig stat. Därefter läggs det till 50 sidor om att NATO skall implementera avtalet, vara den högsta myndigheten i Kosovo, ha fri tillgång till alla delar av Jugoslavien och använda våld närhelst det tycker det är nödvändigt. DÅ säger Belgrad nej och albanerna ja – även om UCK inte nämns vid namn i texten, förmodligen därför att det finns/fanns ett UCK hemma i bergen som inte accepterade något avtal i Paris.

Hundratals journalister på plats, tusentals experter, opinionsbildare och politiker upptäcker inte spelet, intrigen. De läser inte avtalet. Det är ju ett “fredsavtal.”

Rambouillet-dokumenten är utomordentligt viktiga aktstycken i Europas moderna historia. Det är med hänvisning till dem somNATO har gått i krig. Inget kommer att mer fundamentalt prägla Europas framtid under kommande många år.

Därför vill jag uppmana UD – eller annat officiellt organ – att offentliggöra det första dokumentet som lades på borden i Rambouillet, den förändrade, expanderade texten av 23 februari samt den jugoslaviska regeringens eget förslag till avtal undertecknat av dess multietniska delegation. På svenska och gärna också på engelska, serbiska, albanska och makedonska.

Det skulle ge intresserade möjlighet till att själva bedöma på vilket underlag det nuvarande kriget mot Jugoslavien förs. Om det som utlöste storkrig i Europa måste det av många skäl finnas öppenhet – det enda försvaret demokratin har mot propaganda, okunskap och mer våld.

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