Kalejdoskop 93 – Avskaffa kärnvapnen – som en gång slaveriet !

Nyligen antog FN på bl a Sveriges initiativ en Deklaration på väg mot en kärnvapenfri värld. Men USA, Ryssland och NATO-länderna, också Danmark, röstade mot. Viktiga frågor som dessa kan Sverige driva precis därför att det inte är NATO-medlem 

Klyftan mellan kärnvapen och mänskliga rättigheter är avgrundsdjup. 50-årsjubileet av FN:s mänskliga rättigheter har nyligen firats, men i det sammanhanget nämndes aldrig kärnvapnen. Rätten till utveckling är väsentlig, rätten till liv är fundamental. I dag styr Västvärlden en enda globaliserad ekonomi, som systematiskt undergräver hundratals miljoner människors grundläggande rättigheter, som rätten att fritt söka och välja arbete.

Militarismen och kärnvapenstrategin kostar ofantliga summor som kunde användas bättre. Mänsklighetens själva existens hotas härigenom, liksom folkgrupper runtom i världen. Alla säkerhetsrådets fem permanenta medlemmar alla kärnvapen. Och tillsammans kontrollerar dessa stater 85 procent av all vapenhandel.

Världens mäktigaste stat USA leder både korståget för (västliga) fri- och människorättigheter ˆ och det ekonomiska och militära angreppet på dem.

Sedan 1945 har USA byggt och utplacerat över 70.000 kärnvapen, vilket har kostat 50 triljoner kronor (50 000 000 000 000). USA:s militära budget uppgår årligen till 2.500 miljarder kronor.

Därtill svarar USA för mer än 50 procent av all vapenhandel. Av världens hundra största företag som tillverkar utrustning för tortyr är 42 amerikanska.

I stället för att fokusera på dessa problem upprörs vi över några få diktatorer, som jämförelsevis utgör ganska banala problem. De flesta av dem bygger sin makt på militarismen och det felutvecklade ekonomiska systemet.

Vi vet att Saddam Hussein är en tyrann och en massmördare – och det är han.

Men var finns människorättsförkämparna och vilka ord använder medierna om det massmord som nu för sjunde året pågår mot Iraks oskyldiga folk, till följd av västliga sanktioner?

I juni i år tog Brasilien, Egypten, Irland, Mexiko, Nya Zeeland, Slovenien, Sydafrika och Sverige på utrikesministernivå initiativ till en “Deklaration på väg mot en kärnvapenfri värld”. Behovet av en ny Agenda” – som också kallats New Agenda Coalition eller ‘Mellanstatsinitiativet.’

I dokumentet sägs en hel del kloka saker. Man pekar på att kärnvapen inte kan existera i oändlighet utan att användas. Och man påminner om att det nu är 42 år sedan FN:s generalförsamling för första gången uppfordrade till eliminering av massförstörelsevapen och att kärnvapenmakterna inklusive Indien, Pakistan och Israel “har ett åläggande att inleda förhandlingar och ta steg mot nedrustning av dem. Länder med störst arsenal bör gå först” och avstå från rätten att som första part använda kärnvapen. Kärnvapenfria zoner bör utvidgas och vi bör förbereda oss på en kärnvapenfri tid.

I dokumentet sägs tydligt att “vi inte kan låta oss nöja med atomstaternas ovilja till snabbt, slutligt och fullständigt avskaffande av sina kärnvapen och sin kärnvapenkapacitet och att vi vädjar till dem att ta det steget nu.”

Avtalet om icke-spridning av kärnvapen från 1968, permanentat 1995, bygger på att länder som inte har kärnvapen avstår från att skaffa sig dessa vapen – mot att kärnvapenländerna i gengäld avskaffar sina.

Kina har akcepterat förhandlingar. Men Ryssland, USA, Frankrike och England vägrar och bygger hela tiden nya vapen. Med NATO:s utvidgning sprids problemet indirekt till fler stater. Indien och Pakistan kommer att följas av fler kärnvapenländer.

Om det ovan nämnda nya mellanstatliga initiativet röstade man i FN:s generalförsamling den 4 december i år ˆ sex dagar innan världen firade Deklarationen om mänskliga rättigheter.

114 länder röstade för. Men inte Slovenien, som upptäckte att man inte både kan vara kritisk till kärnvapen och hoppas på att bli medlem i NATO.

Inget NATO-land röstade för resolutionen.

En liten minoritet på 18 länder utgör nu atomtidens “slyngelstater” (“rogue states”) och röstade emot, Frankrike, Indien, Israel, Pakistan, Frankrike, Ryssland, England och USA – samt Bulgarien, Tjeckien, Estland, Ungern, Lettland, Litauen, Monaco, Polen, Rumänien, Slovakien och Turkiet, alltså kärnvapenstater eller länder som är blivande NATO-medlemmar eller hoppas på att bli det.

Danmark och Norge, resten av NATO-länderna samt länder som Kina, Japan, Sydkorea, Makedonien och Ukraina avstod, allt som allt 38 länder.

Danmark og Norge, resten av NATO samt länder som atommakten Kina, Japan, Sydkorea, Makedonien och Ukraina avstod, 38 i alt.

Initiativet är viktigt. Dess krav är rimliga och dess grund folkrättslig sedan Canberra-kommissionen och Den Internationella Domstolen slagit fast att kärnvapen är illegitima. Användandet av dessa vapen skulle vara ett det grövsta brott mot mänskligheten.

Tänk också på vad de pengar som nu förbrukas på kärnvapen skulle kunna ha använts till i stället. Kärnvapnen kontrolleras globalt av 600 personer. Inte i något land står dessa personer under demokratisk kontroll eller har legitimitet efter exempelvis folkomröstningar.

Hur ska vi kunna säkra att kärnvapnen ˆ liksom en gång slaveriet ˆ avskaffas så att säkerhetspolitik kan bli en fråga om utveckling, trygghet, demokrati och respekt för livet?

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