Kalejdoskop 92 – Nej till de existerande kärnvapnen

Den nye, gröne tyska utrikesministern, Joschka Fischer, som själv är ‘realos’ har redan blivit uppläxad i de högre realiteterna i vår värld. Han har ställt det helt rimliga förslaget att NATO borde avsäga sig rätten att vara den första att använda kärnvapen. Det amerikanska – naturligtvis – svaret kom blixtsnabbt: Glöm det!

Fischer visste säkert mycket väl att man inte kan vara utrikesminister i dagens uni-polära värld och samtidigt bevara särskilt många gröna ideal. Om han innerst inne fortfarande har gröna ideal är han en imponerande modig man, som folkliga rörelser – och den svenska regeringen – borde ge sitt varma stöd.

För detta är ju vad NATO borde ha gjort för många år sedan, redan på 1980-talet när Sovjetuionen avsade sig rätten till “first use.” Till saken hör tyvärr att Ryssland efter Warszawapaktens upplösning och till följd av sin ekonomiska oförmåga att upprätthålla omfattande konventionella styrkor har uppgraderat kärnvapnens roll i sin doktrin och i ljuset av Clintons tal om NATO-expansion 1992 återinförde rätten till att vara den första att använda dessa vapen.

När det gäller kärnvapnen så är NATO och dess nukleära stater USA, England och Frankrike tyvärr fortfarande helt autistiska. De definierar och skapar en verklighet i vilken kärnvapnen ser ut som “nödvändiga.”

När ämnar till exempel USA använda kärnvapen?

Det får man svar på i “Doctrine for Joint Theatre Nuclear Operations” av 9 februari 1996, utgiven av den gemensamma försvarsstabens kommitté. Denna “auktoritativa beskrivning av den doktrin, som kommer att följas” säger bland annat: a) att folkrätten inte hindrar användandet av kärnvapen; b) att om avskräckningen misslyckas skall USA utkämpa ett atomkrig som slutar “fördelaktigt” för USA, dess intressen och dess allierade; c) att USA:s kärnvapenparaply “skyddar många allierade och hjälper dem att känna säkerhet”; d) att kärnvapen enbart skiljer sig ifrån andra vapen genom att ha större förstörelseförmåga – inom parantes nämns dock att de “potentiellt” skapar radioaktivitet! Och en ändlös mängd av dylikt trams!

Mest intressant är kanske följande lista över 6 “önskvärda” – som det sägs – resultat av att använda kärnvapen. De skall användas för att förändra en fiendes uppfattning av hans egen förmåga att vinna; för att övertyga honom om att om en konflikt övergår i krig så kommer hans säkra förluster att vara större än hans möjliga vinster; för att prompt lösa en konflikt på villkor som är fördelaktiga för USA och dess allierade; för att hindra en fiende från att uppnå sina syften; för att garantera amerikanska och/eller multinationella truppers succé samt – slutligen – för att balansera fienders massförstörande vapen.

Observera, avskräckningen kommer sist. De andra handlar om att använda kärnvapen – först – politiskt för att påverka en fiende eller militärt i kamp. Med andra ord, den klassiska ursäkten för kärnvapen – att man har dem för att de aldrig skall användas – är klockrent, apologetiskt nonsens.

Det är denna motbjudande – i sin konsekvens folkmördande – Übermensch-doktrin, som kärnvapenmakterna och dess allierade ger sitt stöd och som massmedier runt om i världen legitimerar genom att aldrig gräva i dessa saker. Nuklearismens människoförakt ligger precis under ytan när regeringar, parlament och säkerhetspolitiska experter förespråkar ‘humanitär intervention’ – bombningar – i Serbien eller korståg mot Irak.

Kärnvapnen finns därför att de ska kunna användas. Det är den auktoritativa doktrinen. Och det är den, som i praktiken gäller i det “nya, fredsbevarande” NATO (som Sverige är i Partnerskap med) vars medlemsstater under ledning av moralisterna Bill Clinton och Tony Blair försöker läxa upp världen om hur farligt det skulle vara om andra fick vad de själva har.

Just det – inte alla andra. Indien och Pakistan har, till skillnad från Irak, faktiskt skaffat sig och provsprängt kärnvapen. The New Yorker den 26 oktober har ett par strålande bakgrundsartiklar till de två ländernas kärnvapentragedi. Indiens ledande kärnvapenföreträdare, Dr. K. Subrahmanyam, säger här att “kärnvapen inte är militära vapen, de är en del av den globala kärnvapenordningen. Den vill Indien vara en aktör i, inte ett objekt för.” Inte ett ord om Pakistan. Det rör sig om MAKTEN i världen, om att kunna mäta sig på den skala, de mäktigaste använder.

Indiens 68-årige försvarsminister George Fernandes var i sina unga år vid Delhis Universitet en av Indiens framstående aktivister för mänskliga rättigheter och mot kärnvapen. På hans vägg hänger ett fotografi av Mahatma Gandhi och av kyrkan i ruiner i Hiroshima. “Jag var emot bomben från den första dagen till 19 juli 1996,” berättar han för The New Yorker. “Det var den dagen vårt parlament diskuterade Provstoppsavtalet och det fanns enighet om en enda sak: vi skulle inte underteckna det. Jag led fruktansvärda kval, kärnvapen är ju moraliskt oacceptabla. Men varför skall de fem nationer, som har kärnvapen, tala om för oss hur vi skall uppföra oss och vilka vapen vi bör ha? Så jag sade att vi skulle hålla alla möjligheter öppna – alla.”

Jag tror detta är kärnan i kärnvapenfrågan. De som har kärnvapen är de enda som aldrig kan övertyga dem, som inte har dessa, om att det är bäst att avstå. Eller mer provokativt: det är de fem kärnvapenstaterna som utgör huvudorsaken till att världen har ett problem med existensen och spridningen av massförstörande vapen.

Men hur gick det nu med att straffa Indien och Pakistan, i jämförelse med Irak? Ja det följer regeln om att maktens enda moral är dubbelmoral. Det infördes ekonomiska sanktioner mot Indien och Pakistan, men redan för ett par veckor sedan beslöt president Clinton att upphäva de flesta av dem, enligt uppgift därför att Pakistan snabbt skulle bli tvingat att stoppa återbetalningarna på sina stora skulder till västvärlden. Så nu har Pakistan inte bara fått ett nytt och bättre avtal med Internationella Valutafonden, Pentagon återupptar också de militära hjälpprogram-men till båda länderna. Applåd!

Ungefär 600 civila och militärer har makten över kärnvapnen i världen. General Lee Butler, tills för ett par år sedan ansvarig för alla USAs kärnvapen och medlem av Canberra-kommissionen, sade nyligen: “Det finns fem människor i USA som med en förändring i sina hjärtan och en pennrörelse skulle kunna stoppa USAs nuklearism. Det är denna lilla målgrupp, vi måste påverka.”

Nej till de existerande kärnvapnen och ja till omrustning förblir därför ett huvudkrav när vi diskuterar global säkerhet och demokrati. Att bara fokusera på spridningen är en del av kärnvapenmakternas politiska strategi. Själv ämnar jag bära mitt anti-atommärke tills det sista massförstörande vapnet – inklusive ekonomiska sanktioner – är borta.

Fisher, Fernandes och Butler skulle nog ha det lite lättare om det fanns en debatt, för att inte tala om en rörelse. Kanske det är tid, igen?

Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer

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