Kalejdoskop 83 – Väst och Kroatien vid en vändpunkt

Idag den 13 april hålls ett ödesval i det Kroatien som förmodligen också står inför ett ledarskifte. Kommer valet att skapa förutsättningar för ett nytt Kroatien, utan nationalism och auktoritärt presidentstyre? Eller leder valet Kroatien landet än längre bort från “Europa” och från nödvändig nationella försoning efter kriget?
De icke-kroatiska befolkningsgruppernas faktiska rättigheter i landet som helhet och i Östra Slavonien i synnerhet blir helt avgörande för Kroatiens möjligheter till demokratiska utveckling.

Utan demokratiskt sinnelag
Kroatien har hittills saknat en demokratisk anda och en acceptabel politik för minoriteter och mänskliga rättigheter. Det civila samhället är svagt. Dock har Kroatien alltsedan krigsutbrottet 1991 haft Väst som beskyddare, särskilt Tyskland och USA.
Många i väst har inte utan rasistiska undertoner betecknat folk på Balkan som primitiva och drivna politiska skurkar med ett “balkanskt” sinne för våld, lögn och dubbelmoral.
Väst straffade den jugoslaviska och serbiska kampen mot Kroatiens självständighet &endash; men fördömde aldrig i handling den kroatiska nationalismen, som med en ny grundlag, med kulturell arrogans och med militär etnisk rensning har fördrivit mellan 200.000 och 300.000 serber, som nu lever som flyktingar i Bosnien och Serbien och som hemlösa i Östra Slavonien.
Väst stöder Kosovo-albanernas kamp för självständighet eller åtminstone autonomi. Men samma Väst såg aldrig någon anledning att på liknande vis stödja för de kroatiska och bosniska serberna. Väst straffade Serbien till följd av Serbiens militära engagemang i Bosnien.
Kroatien var också militärt engagerat i Bosnien för att skapa en parallell till Storserbien, ett Storkroatien, som sedan dess blivit en realitet med USAs hjälp genom avtalen i Washington och Dayton.
Medan Väst länge fördömde det serbiska engagemanget i Bosnien såg man mellan fingrarna med den kroatiska Hercog-Bosna-staten med huvudstad i Mostar. Det som har skett i Mostar de senaste månaderna är en direkt följd av detta internationella dubbelspel.

FN underminerades i Kroatien
FN kom till krigsområdena i Kroatien 1992. FN skulle avgöra vilken status dessa områden med serbisk befolkningdsmajoritet skulle ha i det nya Kroatien.
Det låg inte i mandatet att dessa områden skulle bli en integrerad del av det självständiga Kroatien &endash; men de kunde bli så. Frågan hamnade i skuggan av kriget i Bosnien och våren 1993 bestämde FNs Säkerhetsråd över huvudet på serberna och FNs egna förhandlare att områdena var en integrerad del av Kroatien. Väst ignorerade alla andra möjligheter, som folkomröstning, autonomi, lokalt självstyre eller konfederation.
Kroatiens eminent duktiga diplomater fick trofén serverad på silverfat &endash; för att sedan först föra krig i Bosnien mot muslimerna och sedan under 1995 med Tysklands och USAs goda minne genomföra två imponerande blixtaktioner (med vapen från båda de nämnda länderna, i strid med FNs vapenembargo).
Serberna flydde hals över huvud och FNs fyra beskyddade zoner i Kroatien reducerades till en enda. Allt detta skedde medan man mäklade fred.
Det nya Kroatien hjälpte USA med att underminera FN och kommer naturligtvis förr eller senare att belönas, t ex med NATO-medlemskap. En central figur i detta dubbelspel var och är USAs Kroatien-ambassadör Galbraith. Kroatien och alls inte muslimerna i Sarajevo är det som varit avgörande för Västs engagemang i det f d Jugoslavien.

Risk för ny mänsklig katastrof
Men varför hela denna historia som bakgrund till en artikel om ett lokalval i Kroatien och om det med valet sammanhängande spelet om Östra Slavonien, det fjärde och sista av de områden som FN övervakar i Kroatien? Jo, för att kunna värdera framtiden &endash; och peka på de lika stora som uppenbara hålen i Västs historiska minne.
För femte året i rad pågår ett internationellt spel om den till Serbien gränsande östslavonska regionen. FN har här genomfört en av sina mest lyckade operationer, men ska försvinna ur området till sommaren.
Före kriget bodde här både serber och kroater. 60.000 kroater har fördrivits från sina hem i området, till följd av krigshandnlingar och serbisk inflyttning. I området bor nu också 80.000 serber, som fördrivits från sina hem på andra platser i Kroatien.

Alla flyktingar vill hem. Men till vad &endash; och vem blir grannen?

Det internationella samfundet måste nu göra klart för Kroatien att detta stora humanitära problem inte kan lösas utan att Kroatien visar en ny beredvillighet, då det gäller att repatriera sina serbiska medborgare till Västra Slavonien och till Krajina-regionen, varifrån de flytt.
En rad uttalanden av kroatiska ledare &endash; att man alltid kan lösa det serbiska problemet på sitt sätt bara FN är borta &endash; bör inte tolereras av omvärlden.
I Säkerhetsrådets senaste resolution heter det försiktigt &endash; man stöter sig inte med vänner &endash; att man “inviterar” Kroatien att demilitarisera Östra Slavonien. Dock nämns inte att fullvärdiga mänskliga rättigheter, ekonomiska specialprogram, en kroatisk försoningspolitik också borde utgöra villkor för att det internationella samfundet ska dra sig tillbaka.
Ett lite längre perspektiv är därför viktigt. Inget i den kroatiska politiken sedan 1989 &endash; 90 ger kunniga observatörer anledning att tro att Kroatien denna gång skulle kunna klara sina problem på demokratisk väg och utan våld. Elizabeth Rehn, FNs sändebud för mänskliga rättigheter, har upprepade gånger påpekat att Kroatien idag hör till de mest etniskt rensade länderna.

Nordiskt initiativ?
Det internationella samfundet kommer att begå en grov dumhet om man försvinner från Kroatien utan att ställa några villkor.
Danmark fungerar f n som ordförandeland i OSSE. På danskt, svenskt eller gemensamt nordiskt initiativ borde snarast en plan utarbetas för hur Östra Slavonien skall demilitariseras (också vad gäller tusentals handeldvapen).
Det är förståeligt att Kroatien inte vill vara “under utländsk administration”. Men FN, OSSE och alla frivilligorganisationer måste genom sin närvaro noga övervaka vad som sker i Kroatien.
Alternativet är ännu en mänsklig katastrof. En sådan kan undvikas &endash; men bara om Europa vill.
Kroatien står därtill förmodligen inför ett ledarskifte. President Franjo Tudjman är moderat i jämförelse med maffian och hökarna i Hercog-Bosna, vilka i stor utsträckning styrt honom. Nu är Tudjman på väg ut ur politiken, antingen till följd av ålder eller av den cancer som ihärdiga rykten hävdar att han lider av. Tiden efter honom lovar inte nödvändigtvis något bättre.

Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer

Related Posts

LONDON – So far so good, at least on the wider level. While internally Iraq seems on the edge of chaos, the much heralded clash of civilizations between the Muslim and Judaeo-Christian worlds has yet to become apparent. We have anger and despair aplenty in the Arab and Muslim worlds. But very little rushing to the standard and there was no great pilgrimage of warriors to join the fight, as happened when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan twenty years ago, and then, having driven the Red Army out, were left to ferment in that mountainous redoubt. With the armaments supplied by the CIA the mujahidin were transformed into Al Qaeda that became, for a relatively brief moment as these things go, ‘the greatest threat to the homeland that America has ever known.’ Nevertheless a ‘Cold War’ between much of the Muslim world and the West is certainly in full swing. Winston...
The Challenge of Nuclear Weaponsin the Twenty-first CenturyA Path Forward The peoples and governments of the world face an urgent challenge relating to weaponry of mass destruction and particularly to nuclear weaponry.  At the crossroads of technology, terrorism, geopolitical ambition, and policies of preemption are new and potent dangers for humanity. Despite ending the nuclear standoff of the Cold War era, nuclear weaponry is again menacing the peoples of the world with catastrophic possibilities.  We recognize the need for any government to pursue its security interests in accordance with international law; and further, we recognize that distinctive threats to these interests now exist as a result of an active international terrorist network having declared war on the United States and its allies. Nonetheless, we reject the assessment of the current US administration that upgrading a reliance on nuclear weapons is in any sense justified as a response. We find it...
By Karin Wegestal MP, the Social Democratic Partyon behalf of the Swedish Committee for Solidarity with the Yugoslav People During the last decade, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has received more than 500,000 refugees from Croatia and Bosnia, and another 300,000 internally displaced persons, mainly from the province Kosovo and Metohia. For a country with about ten million inhabitants, such an influx of homeless people is obviously a very heavy burden – even under peaceful conditions. But in addition to that, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has been the subject to sanctions from the western powers for close to ten years and its infrastructure was badly hurt through Nato’s intense bombardment during 78 days in 1999. The result of all this is that Yugoslavia, once the most developed industrial country in Eastern Europe, is today the poorest country in Europe. In Serbia excluding Kosovo, with about ten million inhabitants and...

Recent Articles

Tony Robinson October 4, 2026 Violence is easy to recognise when someone is being beaten, shot or killed. It becomes more difficult when nobody is holding a weapon. Poverty, discrimination, exploitation and repression can restrict a human life just as effectively, although they do so in very different ways and with very different consequences. Simply adding more categories to an ever-growing list of forms of violence does not really solve the problem. The more interesting question is what all these different situations have in common and why it makes sense to describe them using the same word. Human beings do not simply react to what happens around them. They remember the past, imagine things that do not yet exist, make plans and undertake projects. Workers organise because they imagine different working conditions; people migrate because they imagine another life somewhere else; social movements emerge because people refuse to accept the...
It’s a matter of principles, courage, vision and pulling together – while the militarist world is falling apart… Peter Langille October 3, 2026 “Here, then, is the problem which we present to you, stark and dreadful and inescapable: Shall we put an end to the human race; or shall mankind renounce war?”The Bertrand Russell—Albert Einstein Manifesto, July 9, 1955 ⁕ The forecast for what’s ahead is worrisome. The sharp rise in armed conflicts over the past three years is adding to what was already the highest level in over seventy years. Genocides, which should be prevented are supported. A shared climate emergency that jeopardises survival is ignored. Diverse polls now suggest that people are war-weary, worried and interested in a more effective United Nations. And, there are viable policy options for a more secure world! Yet governments are doubling-down, betting on more war and investing heavily. If current trends persist,...
Johan Galtung 1930-2024October 2015 Published here on October 3, 2026 Let us focus on Civilization for conflict analysis and remedies. Major forms of disorder use violence; war is state organized violence. The most belligerent states are the United States of America and Israel, both with civilization roots. National Evangelism, the US Protestant Christian civilization– more national than evangelical–justifies US warfare as exceptionalism of a people chosen by God, with a manifest destiny to run the world. Orthodox Judaism justifies Israeli warfare to conquer and expand from Nile to Euphrates as a religious right and duty to the Eternal One. The third most belligerent country, the UK, no longer believes it is God-chosen but chosen by the USA; not quite the same but something. But the root cause of global disorder lies in the Occident–with Islam–seeing itself as the single, universal civilization valid for all at all times, all others being...

TFF on Substack

Discover and subscribe to more peace materials on TFF Substack

Most Popular

Tony Robinson October 4, 2026 Violence is easy to recognise when someone is being beaten, shot or killed. It becomes more difficult when nobody is holding a weapon. Poverty, discrimination, exploitation and repression can restrict a human life just as effectively, although they do so in very different ways and with very different consequences. Simply adding more categories to an ever-growing list of forms of violence does not really solve the problem. The more interesting question is what all these different situations have in common and why it makes sense to describe them using the same word. Human beings do not simply react to what happens around them. They remember the past, imagine things that do not yet exist, make plans and undertake projects. Workers organise because they imagine different working conditions; people migrate because they imagine another life somewhere else; social movements emerge because people refuse to accept the...
It’s a matter of principles, courage, vision and pulling together – while the militarist world is falling apart… Peter Langille October 3, 2026 “Here, then, is the problem which we present to you, stark and dreadful and inescapable: Shall we put an end to the human race; or shall mankind renounce war?”The Bertrand Russell—Albert Einstein Manifesto, July 9, 1955 ⁕ The forecast for what’s ahead is worrisome. The sharp rise in armed conflicts over the past three years is adding to what was already the highest level in over seventy years. Genocides, which should be prevented are supported. A shared climate emergency that jeopardises survival is ignored. Diverse polls now suggest that people are war-weary, worried and interested in a more effective United Nations. And, there are viable policy options for a more secure world! Yet governments are doubling-down, betting on more war and investing heavily. If current trends persist,...
Johan Galtung 1930-2024October 2015 Published here on October 3, 2026 Let us focus on Civilization for conflict analysis and remedies. Major forms of disorder use violence; war is state organized violence. The most belligerent states are the United States of America and Israel, both with civilization roots. National Evangelism, the US Protestant Christian civilization– more national than evangelical–justifies US warfare as exceptionalism of a people chosen by God, with a manifest destiny to run the world. Orthodox Judaism justifies Israeli warfare to conquer and expand from Nile to Euphrates as a religious right and duty to the Eternal One. The third most belligerent country, the UK, no longer believes it is God-chosen but chosen by the USA; not quite the same but something. But the root cause of global disorder lies in the Occident–with Islam–seeing itself as the single, universal civilization valid for all at all times, all others being...
Read More
Living-Peace-Sign-Budapest-copy
Tony Robinson October 4, 2026 Violence is easy to recognise when someone is being beaten, shot or killed. It becomes more difficult when nobody is holding a weapon. Poverty, discrimination, exploitation and repression can restrict a human life just as effectively, although they do so in very different ways and with very different consequences. Simply adding more categories to an ever-growing list of forms of violence does not really solve the problem. The more interesting question is what all these different situations have in common and why it makes sense to describe them using the same word. Human beings do not simply react to what happens around them. They remember the past, imagine things that do not yet exist, make plans and undertake projects. Workers organise because they imagine different working conditions; people migrate because they imagine another life somewhere else; social movements emerge because people refuse to accept the...
b54a1f10-8c65-4f0b-9dd5-4abc0a7d04cc_2659x2659
It’s a matter of principles, courage, vision and pulling together – while the militarist world is falling apart… Peter Langille October 3, 2026 “Here, then, is the problem which we present to you, stark and dreadful and inescapable: Shall we put an end to the human race; or shall mankind renounce war?”The Bertrand Russell—Albert Einstein Manifesto, July 9, 1955 ⁕ The forecast for what’s ahead is worrisome. The sharp rise in armed conflicts over the past three years is adding to what was already the highest level in over seventy years. Genocides, which should be prevented are supported. A shared climate emergency that jeopardises survival is ignored. Diverse polls now suggest that people are war-weary, worried and interested in a more effective United Nations. And, there are viable policy options for a more secure world! Yet governments are doubling-down, betting on more war and investing heavily. If current trends persist,...
010
Johan Galtung 1930-2024October 2015 Published here on October 3, 2026 Let us focus on Civilization for conflict analysis and remedies. Major forms of disorder use violence; war is state organized violence. The most belligerent states are the United States of America and Israel, both with civilization roots. National Evangelism, the US Protestant Christian civilization– more national than evangelical–justifies US warfare as exceptionalism of a people chosen by God, with a manifest destiny to run the world. Orthodox Judaism justifies Israeli warfare to conquer and expand from Nile to Euphrates as a religious right and duty to the Eternal One. The third most belligerent country, the UK, no longer believes it is God-chosen but chosen by the USA; not quite the same but something. But the root cause of global disorder lies in the Occident–with Islam–seeing itself as the single, universal civilization valid for all at all times, all others being...
Screenshot 2026-10-02 011738
Jan ObergPhD, director, The Transnational Foundation for Peace and Future Research, TFFLund, Sweden October 2, 2026 This is my full original manuscript. The Chinese Academy of Social Science, CASS, makes two publications out if it. 1. China’s Five-year plan emphasized the capabilities of basic research and original innovation. It is regarded as the goal of the future social development, which, as required, should be significantly enhanced. Can you comment on the importance of original innovation in research and academic study? I believe it is easier to define “original innovation” in the natural sciences than in social sciences. The breaking points of what constitutes something new, or innovative, are not quite as sharp in the latter. But in both fields it is about opening up something that was closed, unseen, unexplored before – making manifest what was earlier latent. Innovations come in many forms and shapes – naming something that was not...
arctic-circle-map
The agreement is catastrophic both because of what it says and what it doesn’t mention. It reduces further the major asset of security policies: Freedom of action. Jan Oberg TFF director September 25, 2026 A couple of hours before the agreement was signed on September 22, 2026, I published the following 13 hypotheses about what it would most likely contain on TFF Substack (in English). I was wrong on only the first point. Contrary to what Trump had written on his Truth Social platform, it does not appear to come into force immediately. In fact, it turned out to be worse than even I had anticipated. After these hypotheses now come a number of reflections in light of what the agreement actually contains, and does not contain, as well as the way in which it has generally been presented by major media outlets and by the public-service broadcaster DR. My...
girl-5894831_1280
Below are TFF-related media mentions, comments, videos and social media posts published elsewhere but not on this homepage. We happen to catch and list only a fraction. Regarding video comments and debates, we recommend that you go to the TFF Video Channel on Substack where many of them are reproduced. Jan Oberg is a contributor to China Daily – 52 million daily clicks – and Global Times, CGTN and CCTV (the national television), China Investment, Xinhua News Agency and several others. Articles and videos on these media very often multiply into countless Chinese (and Western media) that re-post them from these main media. Thanks to The China Academy, his analyses, interviews and comments are frequently posted on YouTube channels such as Thinkers Forum and Wave Media. These videos are often re-posted on Bilibili (China’s YouTube), the China Content Center on TikTok, and on the Chinese edition of TikTok, Douyin.com. This means reaching hundreds of millions of viewers worldwide over a year. While there are too many to catch on all these...