Kalejdoskop 67 – Fra sag til sag: Kosovo, ikke Østre Timor

Albanske ekstremister har nu afsluttet en etnisk rensning af omkring 90% af Kosovos sigøjnere, serbere og jøder, proportionelt den største hidtil på Balkan. Beograd hverken planlagde eller gennemførte at fordrive 90% af albanerne. NATO hævdede det var uacceptabelt at Beograd havde 40.000 tropper i området for blandt andet beskytte det serbiske mindretal, men ingen har givet os et svar på hvorfor lige så mange NATO-soldater med mere avanceret teknik og efterretningsfolk ikke har kunnet forhindre denne aldeles forudsigelige humanitære katastrofe.

Det jugoslaviske militær fik 10 dage til at trække alt tilbage men har i strid med Sikkerhedsrådets resolution 1244 ikke fået lov til at vende tilbage med grænsevagter. Den albanske befrielseshær, UCK, fik 90 dage til at indlevere sine våben, men har nu i strid med resolutionen ikke blot overtaget lokaladministration og politivæsen, men også fået lov til at oprette en slags nationalgarde med våben og helikoptere. Vest samarbejder med en selvbestaltet regering, der aldrig er blevet valgt. Det ser faktiskt ud som en belønning af den politiskt korrekte etniske rensning.

NATO og FN selv blæser på Jugoslaviens suverænitet, der også er nedfældet i alle dokumenter og 1244. Der har længe ikke været kontrol ved Kosovos grænser til Albanien og Makedonien; den tyske mark indføres nu som hovedvaluta; jugoslavisk lovgivning ophæves punkt for punkt uden at der forhandles med Beograd. EU-landenes industrier overtager formodentlig snart nogle af Europas største mineralforekomster og Trpca-mineindustrien i Mitrovica. Kompensation?

Henved 1 million er nu flygtninge i Serbien (fra Kroatien, Bosnien og Kosovo). Hvem kerer sig om dem? De er ikke et humanitært problem. Serbiens 11 millioner er på knæ og dér skal de forblive, som Iraks sagesløse dobbeltofre for autoritære ledere og for et autoritært international samfund. Sanktionerne skal opretholdes, der skal ikke ydes genopbygningshjælp og de civile ofre for NATO’s bombning af civile mål vil næppe blive ydet kompensation.

Disse – politisk ukorrekte – flygtninge fra Kosovo har hverken Clinton, Blair eller andre NATO-ledere påtaget sig at få tilbage. Der er ingen CNN-effekt hér og intet pres fra menneskerettighedsforkæmpere og andre humanister. Tusindvis af mediefolk rejste hjem da der viste sig at være færre massakrer end først hævdet af NATO – og da det blev klart at de stort set alle fandt sted efter og ikke bombningene begyndte. Det militære fik ubegrænsede midler; den civile opbygning halter efter, FN er bankerot og Afrikas flygtninge får endnu mindre end før.

NATO-landene er entydigt ansvarlige for disse fakta, men debat og selvkritik savnes. Der er ingen studier af denne proces; ingen i medieverdenen drøfter mediers rolle i krig og fred. De, der ivrede for bombninger, fortæller ikke os andre hvorvidt det var dette, de håbede skulle blive resultatet. Danmark var i krig for første gang siden 1945, men statsministeren sagde på Grundlovsdag at hele operationen var en sejr for demokratiet og udviklingsministeren sagde på et offentligt møde den 6. september at den i højeste grad havde “legitimitet”.

Så hvad er der for journalister at spørge om eller for andre at debattere ?

Det synspunkt nyder nu fremme i den danske og internationale magts korridorer at folkeretten bør betragtes som “fleksibel” og at vi – da vi ikke kan intervenere overalt hvor der er problemer – må afgøre indsatserne “fra sag til sag.” Der findes etiske fordringer hvor vi MÅ tilsidesætte folkeretten.

Lad os derfor se på Østre Timor-“sagen” og sammenligne med Kosovo. Førstnævnte er en tidligere portugisisk koloni, der blev besat af Indonesien (Djakarta) i december 1975, samme dag som USA’s president Ford og udenrigsminister Kissinger kom på besøg. Kosovo var en indiskutabel del af dét Jugoslavien, det internationale samfund anerkendte i 1996. Den engelske udenrigsminister, David Owen – kendt mægler på Balkan – sanktionerede i 1978 omfattende våbensalg til Djakarta. Vestverden har derimod indført sanktioner mod og bombet Beograd mens man gav UCK våben og Valutafonden pumper penge ind.

Mellem 1975 og 1978 blev 200.000 mennesker dræbt i Østre Timor, mens døde i Kosovo (på begge sider) forud for NATOs bombninger kan regnes i nogle få tusind. Beograd har ikke forhindret at albanerne i Kosovo afholdt illegale folkeafstemninger og valg og udråbte en selvstændig, parallel stat og førte udenrigspolitik. Deres daværende leder, Ibrahim Rugova blev modtaget overalt, også i Danmark (som UCKs leder nu) og ingen i den kosovo-albanske ledelse blev frataget deres pas eller sat i husarrest, endsige myrdet af Beograd.

Djakarta modsætter sig med vold den internationalt overvågede afstemning om selvstændighed; lederen Gusmao har siddet i husarrest indtil nu og biskop Belo er blevet tvunget i landflygtighed. Per 7 september er der omtrent lige så mange flygtninge dér som i Kosovo før bombningerne. Der er indført undtagelsestilstand og forsvarschefen General Wiranto truer ifølge The Guardian med at sætte Østre Timor under militær administration. Lignende forhold eksisterede aldrig i Kosovo, hvor der iøvrigt befandt sig tusinder af udlændinge og internationale missioner indtil NATO’s bombninger fejede dem bort. Djakarta driver alle udlændinge ud og afviser en international styrke.

Så hvorfor ikke bombe Djakarta og lade en international koalition overtage Østre Timor – folkeretsligt en bedre sag? Hvorfor går det nyaktivistiske Danmark ikke i spidsen for dét – humanitært også en bedre sag? Fordi den slags nu afgøres “fra sag til sag.” Af hvem? I det alt væsentlige af England og USA, den i NATO-lande ukritisable aktør, som i dette tilfælde siger at der kun kan indsættes en international fredsstyrke i fælles forståelse med Djakarta og på grundlag af en FN-resolution og som ikke selv vil sende tropper.

Hvor kan vi med tiden havne med pricippet om “fra sag til sag”? Mit bud er: i en lovløs verden under ét lands stigende diktatoriske magt og deraf følgende diskrimination og selektiv folkeret tilpasset de store “humanitære” interesser i Indonesiens marked, olie, træ, mineraler og strategiske betydning.

Og hvad hvis vi selv begår forbrydelser? Alle danskere ved vel at Milosevic er anklaget som krigsforbryder. Færre ved at 17 fremstående advokater og universitetsjurister rundt om i verden den 6. maj i år sendte et anklageskrift (http://www.transnational.org/features/Indictment_of_NATO.html) til Krigsforbrydertribunalet i Haag mod knapt 70 politiske og militære NATO-ledere for overtrædelser af folkeretten, krigens regler og humanitære love i forbindelse med NATO-bombningerne i Jugoslavien. Blandt dem er Danmarks statsminister, udenrigsminister og forsvarsminister.

Nogle større nyhedsværdi synes det ikke at have og formentlig løber sagen ud i sandet. For sagen er formentlig den at med sag-til-sag-princippet er dét ingen sag.

Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer

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