Kalejdoskop 64 – Autoritære demokratiers drift mod verdensherredømme

For 27 år siden skrev den norsk-svenske filosof Harald Ofstad en banebrydende bog om “Vor foragt for svaghed. Nazismens normer og vurderinger – og vore egne.” Nu, efter den foreløbige kulmination i Kosovo af Vestens Balkanpolitik, tyer jeg atter til den for jeg har endnu ikke kunnet begripe hvordan Vesten kunne begå hvad jeg mener er et upåagtet eller fortrængt civilisationsbarbari.

For det følgende kan det være værd at lytte til statsminister Nyrup Rasmussen, der med disse ord på grundlovsdag mente at Kosovo-krisen ville vise at demokratiet er stærkest: “Vi ser den danske befolknings ansvarsfølelse og fællesskabsfølelse og demokratiske grundholdning, fordi vi er klar over, at vores demokrati er så dyrebart og over, at det at hjælpe andre i virkeligheden også er at hjælpe os selv.”

Mit ærinde er IKKE at påstå at USA eller NATO eller Danmark er nazistisk eller på vej at blive det. Det er at rejse spørgsmålet om det autoritære i vore egen kultur, på den måde Ofstad gør i bogens forord: “Om vi holder nazismens spejl op for os selv, ser vi vore egne træk forstørrede, men netop derfor så afslørende. Antisemitismen er ikke det væsentligste i nazismen. Det væsentlige er læren om at den stærke skal herske over den svage, og at den svage er foragtlig derved at han lader sig beherske. Nazismen opstod ikke i 1930ernes Tyskland og forsvandt ikke i 1945. Den er et udtryk for dybt forankrede tendenser som stadig lever i os og omkring os. Vi beundrer den som slår sig frem og foragter den som taber. Vi skaber en verden hvor supermagter under foregivende af moral og idealisme egenmægtigt dominerer andre.” Mit fokus er altså en mindre synlig verdensanskuelse.

USA er idag en historiskt unik magt: økonomiskt, militært, politiskt og kulturelt. Unik fordi intet enkelt samfund nogensinde har haft samme mulighed og relative kapacitet til at præge så mange andre mennesker, kulturer og begivenheder i tid og rum. Verdensherredømme får man idag som under nazismen ved a) at besejre eller udrydde de svage og b) sejre over andre stærke.

Dagens svage er de tidligere kommunistiske lande, fremfor alt Rusland, der kan blive stærk igen i koalition med andre hidtil svage, f.eks. Indien og Kina. For USA er Asiens og EUs økonomi den vigtigste stærke magt at bekæmpe. Det tidligere og nuværende Jugoslavien og især Serbien kaster man sig over fordi det er svagt og fuld af indre splittelse og relateret til Rusland, men også fordi ALLE samfundsmodeller, der kunne udfordre Vestens eneste “korrekte samfundsmodel” bør udryddes/indlemmes, inden de blir stærke – f.eks. neutrale, dem der går egne veje, vil være grønne, nedrustede eller små velfærdsstater med ægte global humanisme. Dét er NATO-ekspansionens civilisatoriske opgave. For den autoritære ideologi er ethvert levedygtigt alternativ et farligt bevis på at den selv ikke er den eneste mulige, rette eller bedste.

Blandt nazismens/Vestens andre underliggende normer kan nævnes:

• Aggressiv nationalism – der baserer sig på spredning af nationens institutioner (såsom det frie marked), symboler som flaget, stærk økonomi og militær magt. Man priser disciplin, lydighed, vold og viljestyrke. Internationalisme eller assimilering er der ikke tale om; USA har nationale interesser hvor som helst på kloden. De store moralske idealer fungerer som energi og legitimering. Materielle ting som økonomi eller våbenteknik taler man aldrig om.

• Nationen er udvalgt – nemlig til at føre civilisationen fremad. Den er “Guds udvalgte” og kan derfor i sin handling sætte sig ud over almene (de svageres) normer, såsom folkeretten. Lederen legemliggør en slags naturlov, f.eks. survival of the fittest. Kampen fremmer vore normers livskraft, mens de svagere ditto går under – hvilket netop beviser vor overlegenhed. Der gælder én ret for “os” og en anden for “dem.” Vi – ikke de – har ret til at dominere, ekspanderes og bombe.

• Pligten til at “civilisere” andre og ofre sig for en højere sag – såsom at udrydde de onde, stoppe (andres) vold og etniske rensning i kamp for demokrati, menneskerettigheder og vækst. Netop gennem pligten blir vi hvide, de andre sorte. Verden ER sort og hvid og hvid vold skal sejre over den sorte.

• Negativ vurdering af svaghed. Det autoritære projekt forherliger magten og dens symboler, det skinnende ståls og uniformernes estetik, de klinisk rene videos af kirurgiske indgreb i Serbien. Selve den omstændighed at f.eks. serberne bare er nogle få millioner over 19 meget stærkere lande og at de er gjort moralsk svage skal skabe en negativ indstilling til dem. Deres lidelser vækker ikke samme medfølelse som andres. Når vi har sejret – også over Sovjet – er det naturligt med foragt. I sort-hvid optik viser NATO os nu at man havde ret: kun serberne har begået forbrydelser, vi må have forståelse for at albanerne nu har ret til at foragte dem og hævnes.

• Ansvarsglæde, som Hitler kalder det: ikke ansvaret for at tænke selv eller tage ansvaret for egne handlinger som Du og jeg er vokset op med; derimod ansvaret for at udføre de ordre der udgår fra autoritetspyramidens top, her Washington. Lederens eget ansvar er ringe for han agerer i en højere lovs sfære og han er helt distanceret/beskyttet fra de konkrete konsekvenser af sine ordre, som andre nede i hierarkiet udfører. Som Ofstad påpeger skulle det formodentlig være sværere for præsidenter at opretholde troen på deres egen moralske ret hvis de selv kastede bomberne eller skulle bære de brændte ofre bort.

• Elitær, paternalistisk ledelse – parlamentarisme, dialog, fælles møjsommeligt arbejde med at identificere problem og finde løsninger er bare “palaver.” Lederen skal føre flokken, der ikke behøver at føle et medansvar eller skyld. Afvigende tolkninger mistænkeliggøres. I de senere år har “pro-Serbisk” kunnet bruges som “landsforræderi.” Nazismen er fundamentalt pseudovidenskabelig og anti-intellektuel. “Tapperhed er vigtigere end korrekte indsigter,” som Hitler siger under sine bordssamtaler. Det er vigtigere at “gøre noget” end at tænke.

• Sprog som bedrageri – det vrimler med eufemismer, falske analogier, klichéer og tekniskt distancerende ord, der kan holde gejsten oppe og ens egne bestialiteter på afstand. Vi er slet ikke i krig med Jugoslavien og vi har ingen konflikt med det serbiske – eller irakiske – folk. Vi dræber dem i ‘humanitære’ operationer eller ved beklagelig uheld. Sentimentalitet og brutalitet er intimt forbundne. Efter bombningerne dækker medier NATOs besættelse/fredsbevarelse og vestlige lederes omfavnelser og børneløfteri gennem flygtningelejre; serbiske satellitbilleder til Vesten af NATOs ødelæggelser lukkes. NATO’s talsmand Jamie Shea omtaler NATO som “den barmhjertige samaritan når han yder sit bedste.”

• Aggressionen og idealismen under ét. Lykkes den stærkes ideologer med denne kopling er slaget vundet, aggressionen og forbrydelsen kan gå upåagtet, forbryderen blir helten. Idealet er en ren, velordnet verden, hvor “afvigerne” – og andre tegn på mangfoldighed – er udryddet. Vi ofrer os s kommende generationer kan leve i en bedre verden; bombningene er derfor ikke lemlæstelse eller forbrydelse men en kær pligt, et bidrag til frelsning af de gode fra de onde.

Nazismens og vore egne vestlige normer har endnu mange elementer. Lad mig til sidst nævne projektionen – dette at overføre på andre hvad man godt, sådan inderst inde, ved er skyggesider hos én selv. Vestlige ledere har kaldt Milosevic Hitler. Det er klokkeren propaganda og historie-forfalskning, men langt vigtigere: det signallerer at de selv véd at deres eget projekt bygger på nogle af normerne ovenfor.

Det samme gælder for den serbiske ledelse og folkemyte om storhed ud af underkastelse samt serberes og Milosevic’ snak om at være uskyldige ofre for vestens imperialisme: de véd udmærket godt inderst inde at de har begået forbrydelser i Kroatien, Bosnien og Kosovo som IKKE kan retfærdiggøres med henvisnig til “de andres” vold eller til den historiske myte.

Amerikanere/britter/NATO og serbere/russere – to alen ud af samme stykke? Naturligvis!

PhD, Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer, Professor Emeritus and media commentator

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