Kalejdoskop 58 – Nej til de eksisterende kærnevåben

Den ny, grønne tyske udenrigsminister Joschka Fischer, der selv er “realos” er allerede blevet belært om de højere realiteter hér i verden. Han har stillet det helt rimelige forslag, at NATO burde afsige sig retten til at være først til at bruge kærnevåben. Det amerikanske – naturligvis – svar på hele alliancens vegne kom prompte: Glem det!

Fischer vidste sikkert godt, at man kan ikke være udenrigsminister i dagens uni-polære verden og bevare ret mange grønne idealer. Men hvis han inderst inde har grønne idealer er han en imponerende modig mand, som NGOer i Europa – og den danske regering – bør støtte varmt.

For det er hvad NATO burde have gjort for længe siden, altså i 1980erne hvor Sovjetunionen afsagde sig denne ret. Til sagen hører at Rusland efter Warszawa-pagtens opløsning og på grund af sin økonomisk uformåen at opretholde omfattende konventionelle styrker har opgraderet kærnevåbnene og i lyset af president Clintons tale i 1992 om NATO’s ekspansion genindførte sin “ret” til førstebrug.

Når det gælder kærnevåbnene er NATO og dens atomare medlemmer USA, England og Frankrig imidlertid totalt autistiske. De definerer og skaber simpelthen en virkelighed i hvilken kærnevåbnene er “nødvendige.”

Hvornår vil for eksempel USA kunne bruge atomvåben? Det får man svar på i “Doctrine for Joint Theater Nuclear Operations” af 9. februar 1996 fra den fælles forsvarsstab. Denne “autoritative beskrivelse af den doktrin, der vil blive fulgt” siger a) at folkeretten ikke hindrer brugen af kærnevåben, b) at hvis afskrækkelse mislykkes så skal USA kunne udkæmpe en atomkrig, der ender i “favorable vilkår” for USA, dets interesser og dets allierede (det er også Danmark); c) at USA’s atomparaply “beskytter mange allierede og hjælper dem til sikkerhed”; d) at kærnevåben kun adskiller fra andre våben derved at de har større destruktionsevne – i parantes nævnes at de også “potentielt” skaber radioaktivitet! Og en uendelig masse sludder af samme skuffe.

Mest interessant er følgende liste over 6 “ønskværdige” – som det hedder – resultater af brugen af kærnevåben. De skal bruges for at forandre en fjendes opfattelse af hans egen evne til at vinde; for at overbevise ham om at hvis en konflikt blir til krig så vil hans sikre tab være større en hans gevinst; for at “prompte løse en konflikt på betingelser, der er favorable for USA og dets allierede”; for at hindre en fjende fra at opnå sine mål; for at sikre amerikanske og/eller multinationale troppers succes samt – sidst – for at balancere fjenders masseødelæggende våben.

Læg lige mærke til at afskrækkelse kommer til sidst. De andre handler om at bruge kærnevåben – først – politiskt til at påvirke en fjende eller militært i kamp. Den klassiske undskyldning for kærnevåben – at “vi har dem jo fordi de aldrig skal bruges” – er altså klokkerent, apologetiskt nonsens.

Det er denne modbydelige – i sin konsekvens folkemorderiske – Übermensch- doktrin, som regering og Folketingets flertal støtter og som massemedier rundt om i verden legitimere ved aldrig at grave i disse ting. Nuklearismens menneskeforagt ligger lige under retorikken, når den danske regering og Foketing giver sin støtte til ‘humanitær intervention’ – bombninger – i Serbien eller korstoget mod Irak.

Atomvåben findes fordi de skal bruges. Det er den autoritative doktrin. Og det er den, der i praksis gælder i det “nye, fredsbevarende” NATO hvis medlemmer med moralisterne Bill Clinton og Tony Blair i spidsen belærer os om hvor farligt det er hvis andre får hvad de selv har.

Just det, ikke alle andre. Indien og Pakistan har, til forskel fra Irak, faktisk anskaffet og prøvesprængt kærnevåben. The New Yorker for 26. oktober har et par strålende baggrundsartikler til de to landes atomare tragedie. Indiens ledende fortaler, Dr. K. Subrahmanyam, siger her at kærnevåben er ikke militære våben, de er en del af den nukleare orden. Indien vil være en aktør i den, ikke et objekt for den.” Ikke et ord om Pakistan. Det drejer sig om MAGTEN i verden, om at kunne måle sig på den skala, de mægtigste bruger.

Indiens 68-årige forsvarsminister George Fernandes var i sine unge dage på Delhi’s Universitet en af Indiens kendeste aktivister for menneskerettigheder og imod atomvåben. På hans væg hænger et billede af Mahatma Gandhi og et af kirken i ruiner i Hiroshima. “Jeg var imod atombomben fra den første dag til 19. juli 1996,” fortæller han The New Yorker. “Det var den dag vort parlament diskuterede Prøvestopsaftalen og der var enig om én ting: vi skulle ikke underskrive den. Jeg led frygtelig kvaler – atomvåben er jo moralskt uacceptable. Men hvorfor skal de fem nationer, der har atomvåben, fortælle os hvordan vi skal opføre os og hvilke våben vi bør have? Så jeg sagde at vi skulle holde alle muligheder åbne – alle.”

Jeg tror dét er sagens kærne. Dem der har kærnevåben er de eneste, der aldrig kan overbevise dem, der ikke har dem, om at det er bedstat afstå. Eller mere provokativt: det er de fem kærnevåbenstater, der er årsagen til at verden har et problem med spredningen af masseødelæggende våben.

Men hvordan gik det egentlig med at straffe Indien og Pakistan – i sammen-ligning med Irak? Jo dét følger reglen om at magtens eneste moral er dobbeltmoral. Indien og Pakistan blev underlagt økonomiske sanktioner. Men allerede for et par uger siden besluttede president Clinton at ophæve de fleste af dem efter sigende fordi Pakistan ville blive tvunget til at standse afbetalingen på sin skyhøje gæld til Vesten. Så nu har Pakistan ikke blot fået en ny og bedre aftale med Valutafonden, Pentagon genoptager også de militære træningsprogrammer i begge lande. Sådan!

Omkring 600 civile og militære mennesker har magten over verdens kærnevåben. General Lee Butler, engang ansvarlig for alle USAs kærnevåben og med i Canberra-kommissionen sagde fornylig: “Der er 5 mennesker i USA som med en ændring i deres hjerter og et pennestrøg kunne standse USA’s nuklearisme. De bør være vort mål.”

Nej til de eksisterende atomvåben og ja til omrustning må forblive et hovedkrav for en fremtid i sikkerhed og demokrati. Selv agter jeg at bære mit anti-atommærke til det sidste masseødelæggende våben, inklusive økonomiske sanktioner, er borte.

Fischer, Fernandes og Butler ville have det lidt nemmere hvis der fandtes en debat, for slet ikke at tale om en bevægelse. Måske er det tid, igen?

PhD, Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer, Professor Emeritus and media commentator

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