Kalejdoskop 54 – Økonomien – en rod til “etniske” konflikter

Snart sagt enhver akademisk og massemedial fremstilling om international politik indledes i dag med fire politisk korrekte påstande, nemlig a) den om at vi efter den Kolde Krig næsten ikke har konflikter eller krige mellem stater men kun inden for dem og b) at de i grunden handler om etnicitet, religion, klaner, identitet eller gammelt had.

For det tredje c) myten om at de nu kommer “op til overfladen” ved kommunismens sammenbrud og fordi der ikke længere er en Øst- og en Vestblok, der sammen holden orden, samt d) den om at demokratier er fredelige og ikke bekriger hinanden (men nok dem, de definerer som udemokratiske).

Jeg siger politisk korrekte fordi disse mytelignende påstande bevarer og fremmer en forståelse af verden, der befrier Vesten med USA og EU i spidsen for mistanker om at vi kunne være en delårsagen til miséren.

Roden til elendighederne skal entydigt søges internt i den hedengangne kommunisme og i primitive, fattige, udemokratiske stater. Vi andre er derfor udvalgte til at “civilisere” dem, vi har en moralsk mission. Enhver intervention kan derfor gøres i det godes navn: hensynet til at forhindre folkemord, få humanitær bistand frem, fremme (vestlige) menneskerettigheder eller udbrede (vestlige) institutioner à la parlamentariskt demokrati. Ja, og udbrede markedsøkonomien – men det er ukontroversielt da den er den eneste mulige…

Sådan slipper vi hokus-pokus for at tage stilling til spørgsmålet om den økonomiske globalisering, alles indpasning i én verdensøkonomi, er en hovedårsag til at der er voksende nød, konflikter og vold, dvs. spørgsmålet om konflikters politiske økonomi, kriges rødder i de af Vesten styrede økonomiske strukturer.

Der er nok af mellemstatslige konflikter, f.eks. mellem EU-landene og med jævne mellemrum er der handelskonflikter mellem USA og Japan. Præsident Clinton gennemførte eller truede alene i sin første periode 35 lande ( 42 pct af verdens befolkning!) med økonomiske sanktioner. Og der er militære tiltag/krigshandlinger i masser af mellemstatlige konflikter, tænk blot på Irak og vestverden, Israel og det naboer, Jugoslavien-Kroatien-Bosnien, Armenien-Azerbajdzan, Tyrkiet og Irak, Grækenland-Tyrkiet (plus Cypern), Indien-Pakistan, Nord-Sydkorea, konflikter om diverse øer mellem Japan, Kina og Taiwan; Georgien og Rusland, Makedonien og dets fire naboer og senest f.eks. Angolas involvering i det tidligere Zaire og Congo Brazzaville. Og den “interne” konflikt i Kambodja har unægtelig haft ganske omfattende mellemstatslige dimensioner over årene.

“Interne”? I stort set alle har der været udenlandske interesser – våbensalg, adgang til råvarer inklusive olie, militærstrategi, markeder, prestige. De fleste tilhørte eller har tilhørt vestlige magters interessesfærer. På det sidste har vi set hvorledes de to Kongoers “interne” konflikter er en konsekvens af fransk-amerikansk magt-konkurrence, af behovet for oljekilder og af hvem der holdt på hvem i sin tid i Angola.

Eller tag Balkan. Efter at i århundreder at have fungeret som “stormagters byttepenge” og nu i 6 år at have været udsat for multinational “konfliktledelse” af det internationale “samfund” – en eufemisme, der skal give indtrykket af at man er enige om noget og samarbejder konfliktfrit – fremstilles det stadig som en intern konflikt mellem tre folkeslag!

Opportun uvidenhed eller koldblodig hændervaskning? I de mørkeste stunder kan man faktisk spørge hvad i alverden vi skal med “intellektuelle” og med “informationen” i informationssamfundet (undskyld nok et par eufemismer)?

Gudskelov findes der andre intellektuelle, der ikke er koopterede af statsmagterne og heller ikke, som den forsvundne fuldmægtig, har det bedst dér indenfor murerne i de intellektuelle fængsler, stadigt flere forskningscentre og universitetsinstitutter i branchen nu til forveksling ligner – og hvor gårdvandringen er erstattet af en flyrejse til et Sheraton-hotel hvor man træffes med ligesindede disciplinister.

Her kommer tre som jeg varmt anbefaler angående den globale økonomis fundamentale rolle i de “interne” konflikter, som de økonomiskt ledende lande siden så ædelt intervenerer i for at skabe fred, eller noget der ligner. Hverken jeg eller disse tre siger dermed at der ikke også findes interne årsager til krige.

Det er dels “Globaliseringfällan. Angreppet på demokrati och välfärd” (Rowolt Verlag 1996, Symposion, Sverige og Zed Press, London 1997) af diplomingeniør Harald Schuman, tidligere Der Spiegel nu Der Morgen og jur.dr. Hans-Peter Martin, Der Spiegel. Den behandler speciellt det internationale finansmarkeds sociale og politiske konsekvenser, baseret på omfattende intervjuer med økonomiske magthavere rundt om i verden.

Dernæst er der “One World, Ready or Not. The Manic Logic of Global Capitalism” (Simon & Schuster, 1997) af William Greider, amerikansk redaktør for Rolling Stone. Denne mursten af en bog med globalt perspektiv konkluderer at økonomiske faktorer – alle uden demokratisk indsyn for hvem har valgt Verdensbankens, de multinationale koncerners eller investment-firmaernes magthavere? – styrer politiken ind i stadig mere autoritære baner, som med tiden risikerer at kaste verden ud i en gentagelse af det der skete i trediverne.

“Frøene til store nye sociale og økonomiske konflikter plantes nu som følge af de indbyggede modsætninger i denne ‘en verden’-revolution,” hævder han og advokerer at vi har brug for en ny økonomisk videnskab og etik for holdbarhed.

Endelig penetreres myterne om lån og bistand som vejen til udvikling i “The Globalisation of Poverty. Impacts of IMF and World Bank Reforms” (Zed Press, London 1997) af økonomi-professoren Michel Chossudovsky fra Ottawas Universitet, der de sidste år har besøgt over 100 lande for at få greb om hvorledes økonomisk intervention gør dét for magtpolitiken, som militær intervention førhen gjorde: disciplinerer lande, befolkninger og kulturer to do it our way.

Intenst, kundskabsrigt og faktaspækket analyserer han den økonomiske baggrund til Somalia, Rwanda, Indien, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Brasilien, Peru, Bolivia, Rusland og det tidligere Jugoslavien – “interne” konflikter og krige, oh sure. Det er fortvivlende læsning og skal nok blive affærdiget, fordi de forklarer de dystre fakta “neutrale” organisationer en efter en lægger frem.

Det ser faktisk ud til at vi førhen førte militære krige og derpå glattede ud med økonomisk bistand. Nu fører vi økonomiske krige og fremtvinger “fred” med militære midler à la Dayton-Bosnien.

Det faktum at kun meget få intellektuelle, debattører og folkebevægelser åbent debatterer hvad den højt priste markedsøkonomi som anonymt magtsystem gør ved vor klode er en intellektuel og moralsk skam.

Hvor længe skal vi mon vente på en omfattende reaktion – nymarxistisk, grøn, etisk, feminin, buddhistisk – mod dette en-økonomi system, der globalt er langt mere autoritært og voldeligt end noget et-parti-system i historien?

PhD, Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer, Professor Emeritus and media commentator

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