Interview med Ritzaus om “Forudsigelige Fiasko”

Af Ole Hoff-Lund, Ritzau

TELEGRAM 040532 6/2004

Ny bog betegner Irakkrigen som en forudsigelig fiasko

En forudsigelig fiasko. Sådan betegner fredsforskeren Jan Øberg krigen i Irak. I en ny bog gennemgår han konflikten og kommer med 19 løsningsforslag.

Han sagde det, allerede før krigen mod Irak brød ud i marts 2003. At den amerikanske invasion ville være frugtesløs og kaste Irak ud i en kaotisk situation, hvor modstanden mod besættelsesmagten gradvist ville vokse sig større. At den amerikansk ledede krig med stor sandsynlighed ville frembringe endnu flere terrorister, som ville rette deres had mod den vestlige verdens imperialisme. Og at der formentlig slet ikke var nogen masseødelæggelsesvåben i Saddam Husseins Irak, der var tvunget i knæ efter 12 års handelssanktioner.

Mange beskyldte dengang fredsforskeren og forfatteren Jan Øberg for at være på den forkerte side og for at være antiamerikansk. Derfor kan det heller ikke komme bag på nogen, at Jan Øberg kalder sin nye bog om konflikten med Irak og Danmark som besættelsesmagt for “Forudsigelig fiasko”.

Ikke at han nu sidder og gnider sig i hænderne med en jeg-fik-ret-attitude under interviewet på forlaget Tiderne Skifter i København, dagen før bogen udkommer. Tværtimod peger han på, at den vestlige verden nu må ændre sikkerhedspolitisk strategi og lægge større vægt på alternative konfliktløsninger efter de tre krige i Kosovo, Afghanistan og Irak, hvor der med Jan Øbergs ord ikke er skabt noget, der med rimelighed kan kaldes fred, sikkerhed, stabilitet eller forsoning.

– Bogens titel peger på det, der for mig er det mest beklagelige ved hele Irak-sagen, nemlig at den situation, vi står i nu, var så forudsigelig. Det var en helt rimelig antagelse, at der ville opstå et totalt kaos, og at ingen af de officielle mål om demokrati, frihed og fred ville vokse frem som følge af krigen, siger Jan Øberg, der i de seneste 30 år har været bosat i Lund i Sverige, hvor han er direktør for den uafhængige tænketank Den Transnationale Stiftelse for Freds- og Fremtidsforskning (TFF).

Han kritiserer beslutningstagerne i den vestlige verden for at gå i krig uden at have noget grundlæggende kendskab til landet, fordi stort set samtlige ambassader i Bagdad havde været lukket i adskillige år. Og han sammenligner med situationen under Den Kolde Krig, hvor et af de vigtigste redskaber netop var at have store diplomatiske repræsentationer på hver sin side af Jerntæppet for at holde sig orienteret om hinandens træk.

– I tilfældet Irak skar man derimod alle diplomatiske bånd over, og resultatet var, at man famlede i mørke. I mine øjne ville den bedste løsning have været, at man ophævede sanktionerne mod Irak. Sanktionerne havde fået en stor del af den veluddannede befolkning til at flygte fra Irak, og resten af befolkningen var tvunget helt i knæ. Mindst en halv million irakere døde som følge af sanktionerne. Dermed udelukkede man også enhver mulighed for, at en opposition i landet kunne gøre oprør mod Saddam Hussein, siger Jan Øberg, der i en årrække var medlem af den danske regerings sikkerheds- og nedrustningsudvalg (SNU).

Jan Øberg har besøgt Irak i flere omgange før krigen og haft samtaler med en lang række højtstående personer under Saddam Husseins regime samt endnu flere almindelige mennesker på gaden, og det bringer et helt andet billede frem af Irak end det, som er kommet frem gennem mediernes dækning af krigen. Bogen analyserer også den amerikanske beslutningsproces op til krigen, og ud over at rumme 17 kritikpunkter og 18 lærdomme, så giver bogen 19 forslag til en vej ud af krisen i retning af et frit og fredeligt Irak.

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Men der skal sluges nogle kameler hos Anders Fogh Rasmussen (V) og præsident George W. Bush, hvis Jan Øbergs vision skal føres ud i livet. Planen indebærer blandt andet, at besættelsesstyrkerne skal trækkes ud og erstattes af en ny type FN-mission, som i samarbejde med organisationer, der inviteres af Irak, skal få landet på fode igen.

FN-styrken skal have omkring 20.000 mand til at opretholde lov og orden, og styrken skal sammensættes med soldater fra så mange forskellige nationer – og ikke USA og Storbritannien – at der ikke kan sås tvivl om dens reelle hensigter. Desuden vil Jan Øberg have flere politifolk, men det allervigtigste er at samle masser af psykologer, jurister og læger, der kan opbygge den civile sektor og læge de mange sår, som den irakiske befolkning har fået på sjælen.

Derudover foreslår Jan Øberg, at det internationale samfund betaler økonomisk kompensation til irakerne, og at statsledere fra koalitionsstyrken officielt beklager den smerte, som er blevet påført befolkningen. Og som en mellemfolkelig gestus foreslår Jan Øberg en fond, der sender unge fra hele verden på arbejdslejre til Irak for at genopbygge landet.

– Vi skal videre i fællesskab, og vi må give dem en håndsrækning, der ikke kan misforstås. I øjeblikket kører det mod afgrunden, og Irak vil aldrig acceptere at blive kontrolleret af en udenlandsk diktatorisk regering, siger Jan Øberg.

I bogen peger han også på det paradoksale i, at der aldrig er fundet de masseødelæggelsesvåben, som var den absolutte hovedbegrundelse for at gå i krig mod Irak, og at der er en række lighedspunkter mellem besættelsesstyrkernes optræden og Saddam Husseins styre.

– Der er ikke nogen lovmæssigt valgt regering i Irak. Besættelsestyrkerne har overtaget Saddam Husseins paladser og fængsler. De begår tortur og sætter folk i fængsel uden rettergang. De lukker de medier, som de ikke vil have. Hvis nogle irakere siger, at det ikke er gået så godt under den udenlandske besættelsesmagt, så er det ikke så mærkeligt, for ikke en gang infrastrukturen fungerer længere. Det er fantastisk, at man kan gennemføre så megen død og ødelæggelse uden at have dækning i virkeligheden, og uden at det får konsekvenser for de politikere, der træffer så fatale beslutninger. Mens en politiker, der pågribes for personlige fejltrin så som spirituskørsel eller en udenomsægteskabelig affære, vil blive betegnet som moralsk angribelig og mødt med kravet om at opgive sin karriere, siger Jan Øberg.

At der er kommet flere terrorister efter invasionen af Afghanistan og Irak, er Jan Øberg slet ikke i tivivl om, og han efterlyser et forsøg på fra vestlig side at forstå terroristernes bevæggrunde for derigennem at behandle symptomerne som for eksempel fattigdom og undertrykkelse.

– Hvis man kun bekæmper terrorister med modterror, men ikke prøver at forstå rødderne og mekanismerne til terrorisme, så øger vi kun problemet, og så er kampen tabt på forhånd. Vi er ved at udvikle et regelløst, ustyret, ustrukteret, globalt anarki, og hvis vi bliver ved med lukke os om os selv med stadig mere overvågning og kontrol for at håndtere terrorismen, så risikerer vi i sidste ende at gøre en ende på det åbne, demokratiske samfund, siger Jan Øberg.

/ritzau/

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