I Gandhis fotspår 6 – Gandhis ashram vid Sabarmati-floden

“Bra att Gandhi blev skjuten…” – om Hindutva

Bussresan från Bombay till Ahmedabad, “Indiens Manchester” tar 17 timmar. Min granne på färden handlar med de berömda Hyderabad-pärlorna och med guld. Det vill säga, pärlorna kommer ursprungligen ifrån Basra i Irak, men med Saddam och allt det där kommer de nu från Kina, heter det.

– Indiens senaste budget är riktigt bra för oss affärsfolk, men politikerna har annars förstört det här landet. Skit och korruption överallt. Titta på gatorna, den här bussen, skolorna.

Denna unge, energiske kapitalisten fortsätter:

– Nä, vi behöver en revolution! Man kan inte hålla ihop ett land där var enda en bara tänker på sig själv. Först när vi arbetar som en gemenskap kan vi bli självständiga. Vi är också på tok för många; Kina har kört om oss för länge sedan.

Ifrån Ahmedabads moské – Photo Jan Öberg, © TFF 2001

När han hör att jag är intresserad av Gandhi säger han:

– Han var för fredlig samexistens, fint! Men om nu muslimerna ville ha sitt eget land, Pakistan, så skulle de ha flyttat över dit allihopa! Här åberopar de islam och säger det är OK att ha fyra hustrur; men när en muslimsk kriminell borde ha handen avskuren åberopar de Indiens lagar. Om jag får säga som jag tycker var det bra den där Gandhi blev skjuten…”

Med Hindutva, den nya hinduiske fundamentalism på högsta ort, sprider sådana idéer sig också nedåt. Indien är världens största muslimska land. Att flytta lite drygt 110 miljoner blir väl en etnisk rensning som heter duga.

Jag vaknar till när bussen denna gråfuktiga, dimmiga morgon rullar in i Ahmedabad, delstaten Gujarats huvudstad. Av jordbävningen ser jag tack och lov litet nu.

Ahmedabad – Vidyapith

Gandhi grundade här 1920 Gujarat Vidyapith, det ena av stadens två stora universitet. Jag besöker den lilla idealistiska skaran på fredsinstitutet där något av det bästa om Gandhi har forskats fram – en del på Navajivan Publishers runt hörnet. Det är Navajivan Trust som har copyrighten till Gandhis samlade verk (100 band!). Man har gett ut de klassiska biografierna samt hundratals mindre skrifter.

Fredsforskningsinstitutet i Gujarat Vidyapith, grundad av Gandhi – Photo Jan Öberg, © TFF 2001

Det var här de tryckte en stor del av mitt Gandhi-biblioteks dammiga, mögelluktande böcker, tänker jag.

Gandhi föddes i Porbandar i Gujarat och gujarati var hans huvudspråk. Ahmedabad är en dynamisk industristad, där Gandhi uppträdde som medlare i en mycket komplicerat konflikt mellan strejkande textilarbetare och kapitalister, som han också umgicks med privat – oerhört intressant beskrivet i psykoanalytikern Erik H. Eriksons klassiker, Gandhi’s Truth. On the Origins of Militant Nonviolence (1969).

Det var också härifrån han tillsammans med ett sjuttiotal “satyagrahi” – kämpar för sanningen – inledde en av de märkligaste politiska demonstrationerna i vår tid, Saltmarschen.

Sabarmati

Gandhis “Sabarmati”-ashram är vackert beläget vid Sabarmati-floden. En serie låga vita hus ligger vid bönplatsen och hans egen “kurti” (hydda) närmast vattnet. Det vill säga, det var då det: den väldiga floden har nästan torkat ut och det går bara några bufflar i vattenpölarna många meter under ashramen. Indiens floder och hela samhällen försvinner till följd av de gigantiska dammbyggen, som Arundhati Roy har skrivit gripande om i The Cost of Living (Flamenco, London 1999).

Sabarmati ashramet i Ahmedabad – Photo Jan Öberg, © TFF 2001

Ashramet – idag museum – består av de byggnader som Gandhi, hans hustru och övriga storfamilj bodde i samt ett större komplex av öppna utställningshallar, omgivna av stora träd med ett fantastiskt fågelliv.

De flesta besökande vet förmodligen inte att det i kvarteren intill finns en rad institutioner och fabriker som drivs i Gandhis anda. Här produceras latriner och utrustning för alternativ energi- och avfallshantering, mycket vackert handgjort papper, khadi-tyger, vävstolar, tvål etc. Det finns också en skola för kastlösa Harijan-flickor. Två tusen människor är sysselsatta men tyvärr går inte alla enheter runt ekonomisk. Ashramet samlar in pengar, men får inget ifrån staten.

Pappersproduktion i anknytning till Sabarmati-ashramet – Photo Jan Öberg, © TFF 2001

Detta är platsen för den som vill forska i gandhianskt arkivmaterial. Sabarmati har nämligen ett arkiv om 34.000 av Gandhis brev och tusentals originalfoton från hans liv. Man får förhandla sig till att komma in i detta, som det kändes för mig, allraheligaste. Här finns stålskåp med dubbellås fulla av gamla foliopärmar där de gulnade breven och fotografierna göms. Allt finns visserligen på mikrofilm och kopierat men i detta fuktiga klimat grips jag ändå av frågan: när kommer denna historiska skatt att vara borta?

Sabarmatis Gandhi-arkiv – Photo Jan Öberg, © TFF 2001
Gandhis handskrivna brev och filmrulle – Photo Jan Öberg, © TFF 2001

Med vördnad bläddrar och läser jag i papper som Gandhi fyllt med sin Parker reservoarpenna. Här skulle jag vilja sitta i veckor, någon gång…

Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer

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