Oprindelig publiceret i Jyllands Posten 12. august 2005

Just hjemkommet efter en måneds ophold i udlandet har jeg haft anledning til at læse en debat i aviser og dagblade som følge af imam Abu Labans forslag om, at den drabssigtede dørmand fra café Rust på Nørrebro skal betale blodpenge til ofrets familie. Debatten synes at være gledet af sporet, og der er ingen tvivl om, at man skal holde tungen lige i munden, hvis debatten skal bringes tilbage på sporet igen. Jeg vover her forsøget.

Først må nogle forudsætninger slås fast: I de fleste moderne retssamfund har staten 1. monopol på legitim voldsudøvelse, 2. uafhængige domstole tager stilling til skyld og straf og 3. politiet står for håndhævelse af lov og orden.

Ordensmagten (dvs domstole og politi) varetager i straffesager forholdet mellem det offentlige og borgerne. Dvs. at ordensmagten har som sin opgave at sikre, at de love, der er blevet vedtaget af regering og folketing, bliver overholdt. Ordensmagten tager sig derimod (stor set) ikke af de konflikter mellem borgerne, der er opstået som følge af det strafbare forhold. Disse bliver ofte overladt til civilt søgsmål, til mægling eller ? = ingen ting eller selvtægt. Det er et faktum, at der ofte kan gå adskillige måneder, før end sager om drab kommer for en retssag.

I dansk mægling er forudsætningerne,1. at parterne deltager frivilligt, 2. at parterne selv finder frem til løsninger, de finder tilfredsstillende, og som de selv kan realisere og 3. at parterne frivilligt opfylder aftalen. Der stilles samtidig krav til mægleren om,

4. at denne er neutral (dvs. ikke har en bestemt holdning til, hvordan sagen skal løses) og upartisk (dvs. ikke har mere sympati for den ene part frem for den anden), samt 5. at mægler overholder de etiske regler for mægling (i Danmark vedtaget af Dansk forening for Mediation og Konfliktmægling).

Mægler må altså ikke komme med løsningsforslag eller acceptere, at parterne indgår en aftale, som kun kan opfyldes ved at andre end parterne selv bidrager til opfyldelse. Mægler kan heller ikke medvirke til, at parterne indgår en aftale, som er i strid med grundlæggende retsprincipper, f.eks. ved at aftalen er fremkommet ved tvang eller frygt for hævnaktion..

Konfliktmægling foregår i Danmark i dag, når der er tale om møde mellem gerningsmand og offer, i Konfliktråd. Mægling i konfliktråd er et supplement til straf og ikke et alternativ. Mægling i Konfliktråd medfører derfor ikke, at gerningsmanden kan gå fri for straf. Konfliktråd anvendes i dag kun til mindre straffelovsovertrædelser. Sager om drab, røveri og voldtægt er altså ikke omfattet af den nuværende konfliktrådsordning.

Diskussionen om blodpenge skal ses i lyset af alle disse forudsætninger.

Går vi over til de aktuelle debatindlæg, tillader jeg mig at forudsætte, at der hos alle debattører, såvel som hos imam Abu Laban, er en forfærdelse over det skete drab, et ønske om at der skabes fred og at yderligere blodsudgydelse hindres, samt at der næres en frygt for, at dette kan blive vanskeligt. Debattørernes udgangspunkt er altså baseret i sammenlignelig frygt, ønsker og samfundsengagement.

Jeg har nærlæst knap 20 debatindlæg, kronikker og ledere, og ikke ét eneste sted har jeg fundet en udtalelse, som går ind for, at straffesagen ikke skal gå sin gang i retssystemet. Altså heller ikke i udtalelser fra dem, der i denne konkrete sag går ind for at lade sig inspirere af imamens forslag, og således f.eks heller ikke i professor Vagn Greves udtalelser. Deltagerne i debatten har derfor endnu én forudsætning til fælles, nemlig ønsket om at bevare det danske retssamfund.

Når debatten alligevel er gledet af sporet, skyldes det så vidt jeg kan se især to ting: for det første, at hverken forslagsstiller imam Abu Laban eller de, der ser muligheder i hans forslag, har været opmærksomme på risikoen for at blive fejlfortolket og derfor ikke tilstrækkeligt tydeligt har fået understreget, at mægling heller ikke efter deres mening i givet fald indebærer, at domstole og politi skal stoppes i deres undersøgelser, mulige domfældelse mv. og for det andet, at alt for få, journalister, debattører og politikere, har sat sig ind i, hvad fortalerne for mægling egentlig mener.

Det er ærgerligt. Fordi det polariserer holdninger og afskærer den dialog, som mere end nogensinde er vigtig mellem såkaldt etniske danskere med forskellige opfattelser af, hvordan et fredeligt samfund kan opnås og/eller bevares, og mellem etniske danskere og folk med anden etnisk baggrund og her især med muslimsk baggrund.

Det har føget med beskyldninger og analogier til rædselsregimer i debatten. Paralleller er draget til nazisme, og mægling tolket som knæfald for en autoritær samfundsmodel. Men mægling er ikke et muslimsk fænomen alene. Det har eksisteret i stort set alle lande, herunder i Danmark århundreder tilbage, både ift civile sager og straffesager og blev netop i 1994 genindført som forsøgsordning i Konfliktråd i erkendelse af, at retssystemet nok sikrer at love bliver overholdt, og derved tager sig af den konflikt, som består mellem en gerningsmand og selve samfundet, men at offeret kun levnes plads under retssagen som vidne, og derfor efterlader konflikten mellem de direkte berørte parter i et tomrum.

På den baggrund er meningen med mægling at give mulighed for, at parterne også kan få taget hånd om deres indbyrdes konflikt og møde hinanden under ordnede forhold med en mægler som mellemmand. Formålet med mæglingen er derfor at søge at skabe en sådan forståelse og kontakt mellem parterne, at fremtidige konflikter eller hævnaktioner forebygges. Ikke naivt, men realistisk, og underbygget af erfaringer med møde mellem gerningsmand og offer i mange andre lande, såsom Norge, USA, Australien og New Zealand – blot for at nævne nogle.

I Danmark omfatter vores konfliktråd som sagt hverken drab, røveri eller voldtægt. Men også i denne type sager har man flere steder i verden forsøgt sig med møder mellem gerningsmand og offer – og med godt resultat. USA, Australien og New Zealand har erfaringer med sådanne møder, og i ingen af disse lande er mægling et alternativ til straf. Hvorfor i alverden skulle man så forvente at et mæglingsforsøg i den aktuelle café Rust-sag skulle fungere som et alternativ til straf, når det ikke er tilfældet i nogle af de meget mindre straffesager, der i dag i Danmark behandles i Konfliktråd? Det ville være en absurd tanke – og har som sagt heller ikke fundet fortalere i ét eneste af de debatindlæg, jeg har læst.

I en artikel, Tro og Love, i JyllandsPosten fortæller journalisterne Lars Pedersen og Kristoffer Pinholt adskillige eksempler på, hvordan personer der er tæt på indvandrermiljøer oplever, at flere muslimer ser stort på dansk lovgivning og i stedet ordner deres konflikter ved hjælp af selvjustits og interne opgør. Det er naturligvis dybt foruroligende, og helt igennem uacceptabelt. Som påpeget af advokat Thorkild Høyer i samme artikel er grænsen for, hvornår man går fra fornuftig mægling til trusler eller selvtægt, dér, hvor parterne finder på at aftale, at sagen ikke skal undersøges af politiet, at man nægter at afgive forklaring, eller at pres og trusler er involverede. Men som det også påpeges, bliver konflikten i så fald heller ikke løst, og aftalen bliver blot et nyt trin i en stadig stigende konfliktspiral. Jeg har ikke fantasi til at forestille mig en mægler, der ville medvirke til sådanne aftaler.

Imamens forslag lider af forskellige svagheder ift det danske mæglingssystem. For det første er det ikke acceptabelt, at mægler kommer med løsningsforslag, men dernæst – og ikke mindst – er det ikke acceptabelt, at mægler tager stilling til skyldsspørgsmålet, og det må man vel sige, at imamen her har. Det er altså ikke så enkelt, som imamen har gjort det til. Men det ændrer ikke ved, at imamen ved sit forslag giver udtryk for en bekymring for, om domstolenes behandling af sagen, bl.a. ventetiden taget i betragtning, vil være tilstrækkeligt til at dæmme op for konflikten mellem gerningsmandens og ofrets familier og søger at komme med konstruktive bud på, hvad der yderligere skal til.

I en leder af Anne Knudsen i Weekend Avisen foreslås, at imamen, hvis han vil arbejde for freden, passende kunne bede Nørrebros private hære om at nedlægge deres våben. Spørgsmålet er, om ikke imamen er klar over, at han ikke besidder denne magt, og at det netop er derfor, han søger at finde veje til at nå familierne med. Det er disse intentioner, jeg også læser ud af de positive reaktioner på imamens forslag. Det står derfor åbent, hvem der er naiv, og hvem der er realistisk.

Birthe Rønn Hornbeck skriver i Politiken den 18.6, at vi, såfremt vi nægter at tale med imamerne, forspilder en vigtig mulighed for i dialogen at forklare det muslimske miljø, hvorfor krav om penge kan være udtryk for en helt uacceptabel form for afpresning. Jeg er fuldstændig enig heri. For mig at se er positive reaktioner på imamens forslag ikke udtryk for en flirt med et muslimsk autoritært samfund, men for et forsøg på i tilpasset form at give mulighed for integration i et demokratisk samfund.

Det må være muligt at arbejde med løsninger, der tilgodeser andre befolkningsgrupper, uden at gå på kompromis med det danske retssystem. Kunne man f.eks. forestille sig, at der kunne være to mæglere: en “almindelig dansk” og en imam? Hvis det kunne hjælpe på den ene side til at skabe tillid mellem parterne og konfliktrådet og på den anden side at skabe tillid ift. dem, der frygter en islamisering af Danmark, var det så ikke en mulighed?

Og er det så indlysende, hvem der kunne være parter i en mulig mægling, eller kunne man forestille sig, at flere familiemedlemmer fra begge sider deltog, sådan som det er tilfældet ved stormøder også efter drab i f.eks. Australien?

Ud over straffesystemet skal vi benytte dialogen. Hvor vi i dialogen holder fast i vores afvisning af (nogle) af de beskrevne holdninger, nemlig, dem, der undertrykker, men hvor vores uenighed ikke forveksles med afvisning af hinanden som mennesker. Vi bliver nødt til selv at praktisere det demokratiske sindelag, vi forlanger af de andre.

Spørgsmålet er, om det er naivt at arbejde for, at man kan opnå et fredeligere samfund ved at søge forslag fra indvandrermiljøer tillempet danske retsforhold, eller om det er naivt blankt at afvise forslag fra indvandrermiljøer og afskrive dem som forsøg på undergraven af det danske samfund. Det er et holdningsspørgsmål, men som enhver, der har arbejdet professionelt med konflikter, ved, kan holdninger til tider ændres ved hjælp af dialog, men aldrig ved polarisering.

Related Posts

LONDON – So far so good, at least on the wider level. While internally Iraq seems on the edge of chaos, the much heralded clash of civilizations between the Muslim and Judaeo-Christian worlds has yet to become apparent. We have anger and despair aplenty in the Arab and Muslim worlds. But very little rushing to the standard and there was no great pilgrimage of warriors to join the fight, as happened when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan twenty years ago, and then, having driven the Red Army out, were left to ferment in that mountainous redoubt. With the armaments supplied by the CIA the mujahidin were transformed into Al Qaeda that became, for a relatively brief moment as these things go, ‘the greatest threat to the homeland that America has ever known.’ Nevertheless a ‘Cold War’ between much of the Muslim world and the West is certainly in full swing. Winston...
The Challenge of Nuclear Weaponsin the Twenty-first CenturyA Path Forward The peoples and governments of the world face an urgent challenge relating to weaponry of mass destruction and particularly to nuclear weaponry.  At the crossroads of technology, terrorism, geopolitical ambition, and policies of preemption are new and potent dangers for humanity. Despite ending the nuclear standoff of the Cold War era, nuclear weaponry is again menacing the peoples of the world with catastrophic possibilities.  We recognize the need for any government to pursue its security interests in accordance with international law; and further, we recognize that distinctive threats to these interests now exist as a result of an active international terrorist network having declared war on the United States and its allies. Nonetheless, we reject the assessment of the current US administration that upgrading a reliance on nuclear weapons is in any sense justified as a response. We find it...
By Karin Wegestal MP, the Social Democratic Partyon behalf of the Swedish Committee for Solidarity with the Yugoslav People During the last decade, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has received more than 500,000 refugees from Croatia and Bosnia, and another 300,000 internally displaced persons, mainly from the province Kosovo and Metohia. For a country with about ten million inhabitants, such an influx of homeless people is obviously a very heavy burden – even under peaceful conditions. But in addition to that, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has been the subject to sanctions from the western powers for close to ten years and its infrastructure was badly hurt through Nato’s intense bombardment during 78 days in 1999. The result of all this is that Yugoslavia, once the most developed industrial country in Eastern Europe, is today the poorest country in Europe. In Serbia excluding Kosovo, with about ten million inhabitants and...

Recent Articles

Below are TFF-related media mentions, comments, videos and social media posts published elsewhere but not on this homepage. We happen to catch and list only a fraction. Regarding video comments and debates, we recommend that you go to the TFF Video Channel on Substack where many of them are reproduced. Jan Oberg is a contributor to China Daily – 52 million daily clicks – and Global Times, CGTN and CCTV (the national television), China Investment, Xinhua News Agency and several others. Articles and videos on these media very often multiply into countless Chinese (and Western media) that re-post them from these main media. Thanks to The China Academy, his analyses, interviews and comments are frequently posted on YouTube channels such as Thinkers Forum and Wave Media. These videos are often re-posted on Bilibili (China’s YouTube), the China Content Center on TikTok, and on the Chinese edition of TikTok, Douyin.com. This means reaching hundreds of millions of viewers worldwide over a year. While there are too many to catch on all these...
Jan Oberg TFF director October 13, 2026 According to Alfred Nobel’s will, the Nobel Peace Prize shall be awarded: ”to the person who has done the most or best to advance fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of standing armies, and the establishment and promotion of peace congresses.” Further down, he also expresses how the prize for the “champions of peace” shall be decided: “that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be selected by the Norwegian Storting. Alfred Nobel’s will is remarkably short and clear. But few seem to have read it. Nobel did not say that the committee itself should consist of members of parliament. He entrusted the Storting with appointing five persons. In principle, it could have selected diplomats, mediators, peace researchers, conflict-resolution specialists, or other individuals with recognised expertise in matters of peace from around the world. Instead, the Storting gradually...
The Quest for Humane Survival Richard Falk Professor emeritus, Princeton UniversityTFF Associate since 1986October 12, 2026 After decades of teaching and writing about international law in academic frameworks that were not institutionally situated within law school environments—at Princeton and the University of California, Santa Barbara—I found myself most receptive to the TWAIL outlook. It has been especially illuminating in clarifying the extent to which international law evolved as a dialogical critique of Europe’s efforts to legitimize its colonial undertakings. In particular, TWAIL has exposed how international law has functioned to legalize the subjugation of Third World peoples, securing conditions for exploitative investment and trade relations, the coercive enforcement of public debts, and an ideology of cultural superiority. TWAIL’s exposure of these economic legacies of colonialism has influenced my understanding of the history and development of international law, broadly conceived, as an ideological project of the Western sub-system of the world...

TFF on Substack

Discover and subscribe to more peace materials on TFF Substack

Most Popular

Below are TFF-related media mentions, comments, videos and social media posts published elsewhere but not on this homepage. We happen to catch and list only a fraction. Regarding video comments and debates, we recommend that you go to the TFF Video Channel on Substack where many of them are reproduced. Jan Oberg is a contributor to China Daily – 52 million daily clicks – and Global Times, CGTN and CCTV (the national television), China Investment, Xinhua News Agency and several others. Articles and videos on these media very often multiply into countless Chinese (and Western media) that re-post them from these main media. Thanks to The China Academy, his analyses, interviews and comments are frequently posted on YouTube channels such as Thinkers Forum and Wave Media. These videos are often re-posted on Bilibili (China’s YouTube), the China Content Center on TikTok, and on the Chinese edition of TikTok, Douyin.com. This means reaching hundreds of millions of viewers worldwide over a year. While there are too many to catch on all these...
Jan Oberg TFF director October 13, 2026 According to Alfred Nobel’s will, the Nobel Peace Prize shall be awarded: ”to the person who has done the most or best to advance fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of standing armies, and the establishment and promotion of peace congresses.” Further down, he also expresses how the prize for the “champions of peace” shall be decided: “that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be selected by the Norwegian Storting. Alfred Nobel’s will is remarkably short and clear. But few seem to have read it. Nobel did not say that the committee itself should consist of members of parliament. He entrusted the Storting with appointing five persons. In principle, it could have selected diplomats, mediators, peace researchers, conflict-resolution specialists, or other individuals with recognised expertise in matters of peace from around the world. Instead, the Storting gradually...
The Quest for Humane Survival Richard Falk Professor emeritus, Princeton UniversityTFF Associate since 1986October 12, 2026 After decades of teaching and writing about international law in academic frameworks that were not institutionally situated within law school environments—at Princeton and the University of California, Santa Barbara—I found myself most receptive to the TWAIL outlook. It has been especially illuminating in clarifying the extent to which international law evolved as a dialogical critique of Europe’s efforts to legitimize its colonial undertakings. In particular, TWAIL has exposed how international law has functioned to legalize the subjugation of Third World peoples, securing conditions for exploitative investment and trade relations, the coercive enforcement of public debts, and an ideology of cultural superiority. TWAIL’s exposure of these economic legacies of colonialism has influenced my understanding of the history and development of international law, broadly conceived, as an ideological project of the Western sub-system of the world...
Read More
girl-5894831_1280
Below are TFF-related media mentions, comments, videos and social media posts published elsewhere but not on this homepage. We happen to catch and list only a fraction. Regarding video comments and debates, we recommend that you go to the TFF Video Channel on Substack where many of them are reproduced. Jan Oberg is a contributor to China Daily – 52 million daily clicks – and Global Times, CGTN and CCTV (the national television), China Investment, Xinhua News Agency and several others. Articles and videos on these media very often multiply into countless Chinese (and Western media) that re-post them from these main media. Thanks to The China Academy, his analyses, interviews and comments are frequently posted on YouTube channels such as Thinkers Forum and Wave Media. These videos are often re-posted on Bilibili (China’s YouTube), the China Content Center on TikTok, and on the Chinese edition of TikTok, Douyin.com. This means reaching hundreds of millions of viewers worldwide over a year. While there are too many to catch on all these...
Nobel-Prize-Plaque
Jan Oberg TFF director October 13, 2026 According to Alfred Nobel’s will, the Nobel Peace Prize shall be awarded: ”to the person who has done the most or best to advance fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of standing armies, and the establishment and promotion of peace congresses.” Further down, he also expresses how the prize for the “champions of peace” shall be decided: “that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be selected by the Norwegian Storting. Alfred Nobel’s will is remarkably short and clear. But few seem to have read it. Nobel did not say that the committee itself should consist of members of parliament. He entrusted the Storting with appointing five persons. In principle, it could have selected diplomats, mediators, peace researchers, conflict-resolution specialists, or other individuals with recognised expertise in matters of peace from around the world. Instead, the Storting gradually...
law-419057_1280
The Quest for Humane Survival Richard Falk Professor emeritus, Princeton UniversityTFF Associate since 1986October 12, 2026 After decades of teaching and writing about international law in academic frameworks that were not institutionally situated within law school environments—at Princeton and the University of California, Santa Barbara—I found myself most receptive to the TWAIL outlook. It has been especially illuminating in clarifying the extent to which international law evolved as a dialogical critique of Europe’s efforts to legitimize its colonial undertakings. In particular, TWAIL has exposed how international law has functioned to legalize the subjugation of Third World peoples, securing conditions for exploitative investment and trade relations, the coercive enforcement of public debts, and an ideology of cultural superiority. TWAIL’s exposure of these economic legacies of colonialism has influenced my understanding of the history and development of international law, broadly conceived, as an ideological project of the Western sub-system of the world...
images-2
Advocates of nuclear disarmament are regularly dismissed by the champions of nuclear deterrence as naïve and unrealistic, utopian or even irresponsible. Yet this ‘doctrine’ of deterrence, regarded by France as the ‘cornerstone’ of its national security, is based on quasi-religious beliefs, a theory that cannot be proven, risky gambles and fragile assumptions. So much so that one might legitimately ask which side the ‘Care Bears’ are on. Marc FinaudVice-President of Initiatives for Nuclear Disarmament (IDN) October 9, 2026 This article was originally published on Pressenza When it comes to these things being treated as religious concepts, look here. Idealists and realists It was Hubert Védrine, François Mitterrand’s former Foreign Minister, who repeatedly coined the phrase: ‘Europeans are a sort of Care Bears who don’t realise they’re living in Jurassic Park’. He applies this reference to the cartoon for well-behaved children not only to what he regards as weakness or idealism...
8824b09f-33a5-43f9-9fd0-550f28cda24d_1536x1024
What the West Borrowed from Asia and What It Left Behind Jan Krikke October 8, 2026 The article was originally published here In the late 1960s, the musical Hair announced that the Age of Aquarius was dawning. Its opening anthem promised a transformation of human consciousness: an era of peace, harmony and understanding. Half a century later, a familiar echo of that promise is a meditation app offered by your employer. You can find it in the same list of benefits as the pension plan and the gym discount. How did a spiritual revolution become an employee benefit? The answer lies in the history of the movement known as New Age: where it came from, what it borrowed from Asia, and why the meaning of what it borrowed changed in the process. Two definitions will help. New Age is a loose label for a wide range of spiritual practices and...
Screenshot 2026-10-04 210142
Small and different + among the 10% most active + 9,000 texts + 150 Associates + 60 000 a day — and a stubborn belief that peace is smarter and must be secured by peaceful means. In 2026, the Transnational Foundation for Peace and Future Research (TFF) turns 40. On Monday, October 5, 2026, a new TFF homepage will go live — a new gateway to more than 9,000 articles, analyses, research papers and other contributions produced over four decades of independent peace research. But this is not simply a new website. For four decades, TFF has worked from a simple conviction: peace is smarter than militarism and can be brought about by peaceful means. This is not merely an aspiration. It is the principle expressed in the UN Charter and the Gandhian tradition that has guided our work from the beginning. TFF is a research-based, independent and people-financed foundation....