Fredrik Heffermehl

18. februar, 2021

TFF er stolt over at være den institution i verden, som flest Nobelpris-nominerede (7) er knyttet til: Scilla Ellworthy, Richard Falk, Johan Galtung, David Krieger, Evelin Lindner, Jan Oberg og David Swanson.

Den norske Nobelkomite har mottatt nær 400 nominasjoner for 2021. Å velge den beste er selvsagt en krevende oppgave. Men den ville bli mye enklere om det kunne bli slutt på den uryddige blandingen av juss og politikk som i alle år har preget den norske forvaltningen av prisen.

Som forklart i min nyeste bok Medaljens Bakside er oppgaven å drive fredspolitikk med den retning og ramme som Nobel beskrev i sitt testament.
Det første og viktigste grepet – som også ville gjøre avgjørelsen mye enklere – er å tolke testamentet, stille det selvsagt nødvendige og grunnleggende spørsmålet: Hva ville Nobel med den “prisen for fredsforkjempere” som han beskrev i sitt testamente i 1895?

Oprindeligt publiceret i Klassekampen i Norge den 18. februar 2021

Komiteens oppdrag er å fremme Alfred Nobels intensjon; for å gjøre det må, ja plikter, den å sette seg inn i Nobels intensjon. Og sørge for at den blir godt kjent. Da ville også de som nominerer måtte legge seg i selen for å forklare hva og hvorfor, by på argumenter som er relevante i forhold til Nobels intensjon.

Som jeg påviser, blant annet ut fra Nobelkomiteens egne arkiver, har Nobelinstituttet vært Nobelfritt område. Komiteene og sekretærene og konsulentene har ikke hatt anelse om hva Nobel ville med prisen. Nominasjonene fra Stortinget har i alle år vist at heller ikke de som oppnevner komiteen har noe forhold til hva Nobel ville med prisen. Slik er det fortsatt, det ser man av nominasjonene for 2021.

Dette har skapt stor forvirring, folk over hele verden tror at prisen er en allmenn godhetspris, for ethvert formål, ja enda til Donald Trump. En pris for alt blir en pris med liten effekt. Uten en retning og en underliggende idé kan den årlige prisen ikke bli noe vesentlig bidrag til hvordan freden skal se ut og skapes. Norske politikere har i alle år valgt å følge norsk utenrikspolitikk og sine egne ideer og slått vrak på Nobels – som handlet om det stikk motsatte. Norge samarbeider militært med et trettitall land om militær styrkeoppbygging, Nobels ønsket et globalt samarbeid om å legge ned våpnene.

Han var inspirert av den østerrikske forfatteren og fredsforkjemperen Bertha von Suttner og hennes roman «Ned med våpnene» (1889). Å gjøre prisens formål kjent er også det beste redskap for å realisere det. Min antagelse er at maksimalt 80, 20%, av de nominerte er kvalifiserte, altså tilstrekkelig innenfor Nobels intensjon.

Nobelkomiteen har tatt seg full frihet til å utvikle en allmenn fredspris helt etter egne hoder. Jeg har ikke bare kritisert dette, men også undersøkt hva man skulle ha gjort i stedet. Min nye bok gir svaret på et spørsmål mange stiller: «Hvem skulle da ha fått prisen, finnes det i dag noen som står for Nobels intensjon om fred gjennom samarbeid og nedrustning?»

For årene 1901 til 2020 peker jeg på nær hundre som ikke skulle ha blitt tildelt prisen, men samtidig på 115 som burde ha vunnet i stedet. Det blir tydelig at Nobelkomiteen systematisk har undertrykket de ideene Nobel ønsket å stimulere. Hvert år har vi også, i nettverket Nobel Peace Prize Watch (NPPW), både selv nominert og lett etter andre holdbare nominasjoner. Alle er lagt ut på nettstedet nobelwill.org i en liste som også sendes over til Nobelkomiteen.

Etter reglene skal nominasjonene holdes hemmelig i 50 år, men det kravet gjelder bare for komiteen selv. Vi i NPPW tror på innsyn og demokratisk debatt, det vil både forebygge misbruk og styrke prisen og dens effekt vesentlig.

Potensielle mottakere for 2021

For 2021 har NPPW listet opp og publisert 54 prismottakere som er kjent for oss og som er egnet, sendt til komiteen innen tidsfristen, av en som er berettiget til å nominere. NPPW foretar en profesjonell screening, basert på gjeldende lov og nominasjoner som vi har fått kopi av.

Alle de 54 kandidatene på NPPWs liste for 2021 er mer i tråd med Nobels fredsvisjon, enn nesten alle de som har mottatt Nobels fredspris de siste tiårene. En liste fra lederen av fredsforskningsinstituttet PRIO er mye brukt i media, men er ikke basert på en vurdering av Nobels vilje og peker sjelden på kvalifiserte kandidater. PRIOs liste for 2021 tar inga hensyn til Nobels fredsvisjon. For 2021 inneholder listen, så vidt jeg kan se, ikke en eneste relevant og kvalifisert kandidat.

Istedet for å by på en akademisk og sannhetssøkende vurdering, deltar PRIO hvert år i norske politikeres krenkelse av Nobels testament. PRIO-listen fremstår som en servil gest til Stortinget som bevilgende myndighet.

Når NPPW oppfordrer til å nominere anbefaler vi å innlede med å vise til prisens formål, globalt samarbeid om demilitarisering av internasjonale relasjoner. Dette vil gi relevans og retning til nominasjonene. Dessverre er det bare få av årets 54 nominasjoner som avklarer kandidatenes syn på dette kjernespørsmålet for å kunne komme i betraktning. Blant de mange som foreslås av stortingsrepresentanter i år er få relevante.

Kampanjen for å stoppe intelligente krigsroboter og Barbara Lee, ensom krigsmotstander i USAs kongress, er klart relevante. All ære til de som jobber for delvis nedrustning eller bidrar indirekte med slående informasjon om hvor presserende Nobels paradigmeskifte er, men det må likevel være riktig å gi prioritet til de som forfølger Nobels nedrustningssvisjon direkte.

Vi antar likevel at i hvert fall 13 kandidater oppfyller Nobels intensjoner helt ut:
1) Den globale kampanjen for fredsundervisning (GCPE),
2) fredsjuristen Kenji Urata, Japan,
3) oberst og diplomat Ann Wright, USA,
4) varsler og krigsmotstander Daniel Ellsberg, USA,
5) forsker og grasrotdiplomat Scilla Elworthy, UK,
6) juristen Richard Falk, USA,
7) krigsmotstander og FN-forsvarer Bruce Kent, UK,
8) fredsforsker, formidler, nettverksbygger Jan Oberg, Sverige,
9) Internasjonale kvinneliga for fred og frihet, WILPF, stiftet
1915,
10) WILPFs leder Madeleine Rees, UK,
11) tysk FN-ekspert og forkjemper for å gjøre krigsforbudet i artikkel 9 i den japanske grunnloven universell Klaus Schlichtmann, Japan,
12) den amerikanske forfatter, formidler og nedrustningsforkjemper David Swanson, USA,
13) internasjonalist og jurist Ben Ferencz, USA.

DE NOMINERTE ER: Fra øverst til venstre Kenji Urata, Ann Wright, Daniel Ellsberg, Scilla Elworthy, Richard Falk, Bruce Kent, Jan Oberg, Internasjonale kvinneliga for fred og frihet, : Den globale kampanjen for fredsundervisning, WILPF, Madeleine Rees, Klaus Schlichtmann, David Swanson, Ben Ferencz, Julian Assange, Edward Snowden og Chelsea Manning, og Barbara Lee.

Illustrerende er forskjellen mellom to betydelige programmer, den globale kampanjen for fredsundervisning (GCPE) og fredsforskningsinstituttet i Stockholm (SIPRI). Den første har avskaffelse av krig som mål, den siste dokumenterer farten på opprustningen, men prøver ikke å stanse den. Forslaget om SIPRI, fra stortingsrepresentant Arne Nævra, nevner at Alva Myrdals mål med SIPRI var aktiv forskning på avskaffelse av krig, men underveis er dette målet tapt av syne – som alle tiltak for å drastisk redusere eller avskaffe militarismen.

Av mangel på surstoff ender de opp med å tilpasse seg «virkeligheten», enten det gjelder SV, PRIO, SIPRI – eller Nobels fredspris.

Om forfatteren, Fredrik Heffermehl

Her artiklen i PDF format

Listen med alle 54 nominerede på Nobel Peace Prize Watch

TFF er stolt over at være den institution i verden, som flest nominerede til Nobels pris (7) er knyttet til: Scilla Ellworthy, Richard Falk, Johan Galtung, David Krieger, Evelin Lindner, Jan Oberg og David Swanson.

One Response

  1. I wote for mr. Jan Oberg. Mostly because I know most. But get a lot lot good solid information all the time.

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