Boken
VÄRLDENS CENTRUM
En essä om globalisering
Av: Stefan Jonsson
Norstedts

“Världens 358 rikaste människor tjänar tillsammans lika mycket som världens 2.5 miljarder fattigaste.”

Författaren och journalisten Stefan Jonsson bevakade 1995 FN:s stora sociala konferens i Köpenhamn. I sin nya bok “Världens centrum”, med undertiteln “En essä om globalisering” låter han en indisk utvecklingsteoretiker lägga fram uppgifter om tillståndet i världen. Medan konferensen pågick rapporterade han från den som journalist. I ett av avsnitten i sin bok reflekterar han över tillståndet i världen utifrån konferensens kartläggning av det globala tillståndet.

Hur ska man kunna förstå en så ojämlik värld, där samma ekonomiska mekanismer skapar både gigantiska rikedomar åt få och massfattigdom åt andra?

Kanske kan man överblicka situationen genom att uppsöka “världens centrum”, för att där finna en punkt varifrån världen kan överblickas.

Men hur finner man “världens centrum”? Jonsson funderar.

Följ ledarnas limousiner, säger någon.

Följ pengarna och penningflödet, rekommenderar en annan. Och Ralph Nader, den amerikanske miljöaktivisten, föreslår “följd avloppsledningarna”. Nader påminner med ett exempel om hur amerikanska bolag i Mexiko dumpar lösningsmedel vars giftiga ämnen hundratals gånger överskrider det egna landets gränsvärden.

En annan indier ger på samma konferens ett pedagogiskt exempel genom att jämföra vad en börsmäklare i New York kan tjäna jämfört med en kvinna på Sri Lanka. En kvarts arbete på Wall Street kan då ge samma inkomst som den lankesiska kvinnan för att tjäna ihop måste arbeta 4 351 år.

Vårt förhållande till den samhälleliga helheten liknar torparens förhållande till jetplanen, skriver Stefan Jonsson. Vi ser &endash; men förstår lite eller inget och få bryr sig.

“Världens centrum” är tredje delen av en trilogi, där författaren förhåller sig till nyckelfrågor i samtiden. I “De andra” (1993) handlade det om rasism och nationalism. “Andra platser” (1995) diskuterade kulturell identitet, , hus, minnen, identitet, sambanden mellan “vilka vi är och orterna där vi bor” med bland annat en lysande essä om nobelprisaktuelle V S Naipaul.

I “Världens centrum” tar sig Stefan Jonsson an frågor som rör globaliseringen, med nyckelbegrepp som kartor, gränser, centrum/periferi.

Det här är sådant som bestämmer mänsklighetens grundläggande villkor. I den globaliserade världen flödar information och varor i avancerade nätverk. Men trots det synliggörs de frågor Jonsson diskuterar nästan aldrig massmedialt. Klyftorna mellan vi och dom, mellan den rika världen och de fattiga länderna, är sällan nyhetsmässig.

Dock utgör den dramatiska hösten 2001 kanske ett undantag, med attentatet mot World Trade Center, som en attack mot “värdens centrum” och de amerikanska bombningarna av Afghanistan som centrums vedergällning och maktdemonstration mot periferin.

Därmed menar jag framförallt att Stefan Jonssons bok publiceras vid alldeles rätt tidpunkt, som ett engagerat och nödvändigt inlägg i för samtiden och framtiden alldeles avgörande frågor, en bok som förmedlar synnerligen inspirerande läsning, i den för mänskligheten så dystra tid vi lever i, tolv år efter det kalla krigets slut.

Stefan Jonsson undersöker tillståndet i världen. Han arbetar med essän som form och verktyg, ger röst åt insiktsfulla kritiker och reflekterar själv. Hans bok består av åtta kapitel som alla på något vis tar sin utgångspunkt i kartor, där kartritandet står för försök att kartlägga sammanhang, att se och förstå.

Författaren reser och uppsöker. I Senegals huvudstad Dakar träffar han den radikale egyptiske ekonomen Samir Amin, som påminner om att produktiviteten i Europa vid den industriella revolutionens barndom var 1.3 gånger större än annorstädes. I dag är produktiviteten i centrum 60 gånger högre än i periferin. Amin påtalar kapitalismens tre stora nackdelar, att “marknaden genomtränger privatlivet och förvandlar alla sociala förhållanden till varor”, att rika och fattiga länder polariseras och att produktivkrafterna miljömässigt “riskerar att förinta planetens livsbetingelser”.

Författaren beger sig också till Grönland, till Ittoqqortoormiit, där han lyssnar till historier om danska koloniala övergrepp gentemot lokalbefolkningen. “Få orter har så dåliga odds … och så mycket att lära världen”, säger en dansk som tagit grönländarnas parti i denna “Edens lustgård, modell Arktis”.

Stefan Jonsson diskuterar den nya världsordningen efter 1989 och använder motvilligt den svårdefinierade modetermen “globalisering”. Med den markerar han ett problemfält, en ambition att söka kartlägga det världsomspännande nät genom vilket information, värden och makt strömmar.

Allra sist kommer han faktiskt fram till världens centrum, till Felicity, en stad i Kalifornien som lanserat sig som “världens mitt” med en tio meter hög marmorpyramid rest över den exakta mitten, på amerikanskt vis. Kommunstyrelsen i denna staden “Glädjen” har fastställt att Felicity är väldens officiella centrum. Kanske kan man på så vis locka turister till den kaliforniska öknen.

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