Av Lars-Olof Fredriksson
Major, Ret, M.Sc.Pol., Äänekoski, Finland
 

26 mars 2002 

Jag minns sextiotalets fredsdiskussioner och demonstrationer, alla med udden riktade mot kalla krigets kapprustning och de strategiska vapnens snabba spridning, i synnerhet i Europa. Som ung officer ville jag försvara neutraliteten och det självständiga försvaret då som nu. I de finska diskussionerna fanns det i många partier en stark vilja att stödja Sovjets rätt till rustning i solidaritetens och fredens namn. Känns det bekant? Visst är det samma sorts resonemang som nuförtiden ständigt ekar från väst när President Bush påstår sig ha rätt att utkämpa fullskaligt krig mot terrorismen, talar ut om “ondskans axel” och delar in världen i de som är med USA och de som inte är det.

Kalla krigets fred hade sin grund i de två antagonistiska blockens förmåga att bekämpa varandra, även &endash; ifall avskräckningen skulle misslyckas &endash; medelst kärnvapen. Men ingen vågade utmana grundförutsättningen och således blev problemen inkapslade i en känsla att motsatsparet fred/krig som gällde för ett helt århundrade, småningom skulle övergå i samarbete varpå ett gigantiskt vapenförråd skulle kunna minskas.

Som vi vet idag, så har inte skett. Men de inkapslade kriserna här och var öppnade väg inför krig mellan fallna och upplösta stater och den upplösta Warszawa-paktens länder satte igång med en rustning i syfte att kunna inlemma sig i väst, såväl EU som Nato. De små östeuropeiska ländernas samlade erfarenhet som potentiell krigsskådeplats skapade en djupt upplevd känsla av att de borde söka närhet till väst.

USA såg ut att komma till korta vad gäller europeisk utveckling, inte minst när EU skapades och började utvecklas militärt, inklusive dess koordinering med Nato. Så kom då den förfärliga dagen 11 september som förändrade allt. Den band Europas säkerhetspolitik starkare än någonsin ihop med USA:s i ett försök att utkämpa ett globalt krig mot terrorismen. Detta krig påstås syfta till att försvara vår gemensamma civilisation och våra grundläggande västerländska värderingar.

Principiellt, Förenta Staterna bestämmer idag villkoren för fred på precis samma sätt som Sovjetunionen gjorde när de på sin tid försökte förklara för oss att: Ni kan antingen vara med oss eller emot oss. Detta gränslösa mandat speglas i nya gränsdragningar, i tävlandet mellan kulturer och civilisationer om den rätta tron och den troheten.

USA betraktar Europa som militärt harmlöst och möjligen något nyttigt i kriget mot terrorismen. För att bli en verklig militär supermakt, EU borde ha investerat i militär rustning, ökat sina samlade militärutgifter till en mycket högre nivå.

USA självt ökar nu sin militär budget med minst 10 %. Man kan bara undra i vilket syfte det är nödvändigt att hålla sig med en gigantisk arsenal av strategiska vapen och en försvarsbudget som 10 ggr överstiger summan av hela Finlands totala statsbudget. Det har sagts att denna ansträngning är nödvändig för att stoppa terrorismen, straffa “skurkstaterna” och slå ner “ondskans axel”. Nato självt har i uppgift att försvara sina medlemmar mot en eventuell attack mot en eller fler av dem, såsom det slogs fast i Artikel 5 i Atlantpakten.

Sett från min horisont som oberoende iakttagare, håller situationen på att ändras i riktning mot större instabilitet och större krigsrisker här och var. Så jag bara undrar, vore det inte på tiden att återuppta de gamla fredsmarscherna?

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