Helsingborgs Dagblad

“I dag pågår ett krig på Balkan.

I morgon kan det leda till krig i hela världen.

Tredje världskriget kommer att vara ett kärnvapenkrig.

Stoppa bomberna!

Krig skapar aldrig fred!

Förhindra ett kärnvapenkrig!”

ALLDELES I NÄRHETEN av museet Mauritshuis i holländska Haag möter jag en grupp unga män klädda i vita läkarrockar. De kommer från organisationen Läkare mot kärnvapen. En av dem, till vardags läkare i Nepal, överlämnar ett flygplan med texten ovan. Vi byter snabbt e-postadresser och skiljs åt.

I veckan pågår “Hague Appeal for Peace 1999”, med omkring 8.000 deltagare från hundratals fredsorganisationer från lika många länder.

En orsak till konferensen är att det är hundra år sedan 1899 års fredskonferens i Haag, då man för första gången diskuterade skydd av civilbefolkningen i krig och skapade “Haags lagar för krig”.

Därtill kommer att FN proklamerat år 2000 till ett år för “fredens kultur”. Med anledning härav har konferensen till motto “Fred är en mänsklig rättighet. Det är dags att skrota kriget”.

Samtidigt som konferensen pågår fortsätter kriget i Kosovo med intensifierade Nato-bombningar av Jugoslavien, där också den holländska krigsmakten deltar.

Haagkonferensen hålls alltså i ett krigförande land, vilket ger ett speciellt allvar åt diskussioner och föredrag.

UNDER INVIGNINGSCEREMONIN talar Hollands utrikesminister, direkt ansvarig för kriget. En fredsaktivist försöker kommentera det lämpliga i valet av talare ˆ men förs bort så fort att få registrerar intermezzot.

Nu gäller det att mitt under brinnande krig ge “freden sista ordet under 1900-talet”, för att citera Cora Weiss, ordförande för Haagapellen för Fred. Läget är inte det bästa.

– Varje år satsar jordens stater över 6.000 miljarder kronor på arméer och vapen. Var 22:e minut dygnet runt dödas någon av landminor. Vi måste kräva en global handlingsplan för att förhindra kriget!

200 miljoner människor har dödats under 1900-talets krig. Just nu pågår 38 krig runt om i världen, kriget i Jugoslavien och Kosovo är bara ett av dem. 1900-talet har varit mänsklighetens blodigaste sekel.

En lång rad fredspristagare deltar i Haagkonferensen. Den sydafrikanske ärkebiskopen Desmond Tutu är en av dem.

– Världen såg på Sydafrika under förtryckets år och trodde att landet skulle gå under i eld och död. Men det blev inte krig. Och varför? Jo, inte minst därför att vi hade stöd av folken i världen.

Desmond Tutu talar om solidaritet och engagemang.

– Några säger att folken är svaga. Men vi krossade apartheid, liksom vi tidigare besegrat slaveriet och den nazism som iscensatte Förintelsen. Varför ska vi inte, om vi bara är beslutsamma, också kunna krossa krigets krafter!

José Ramos Horta från Öst-Timor, fredspristagare 1996, är kritisk mot Natos pågående krig på Balkan.

– Samma länder som nu bombar Jugoslavien till stenåldern försåg Indonesien med vapen och militärt stöd som 200-miljonerslandet använde till förtryck, terror och krig i Östtimor, med 800.000 invånare.

Ramos Horta gav i stället FN och generalsekreterare Kufi Annan sitt helhjärtade stöd.

– Vi måste tacka Kufi Annan för hans engagemang som bidrog till fredsavtalet för Östtimor. Som medborgare i världens länder måste vi ge FN vårt yttersta stöd.

Guatemalas fredspristagare (1992) Rigoberta Mencho Tum gav också sitt stöd till FN. – Krig är aldrig ett medel att uppnå fred. Det finns inget rättvist krig. Det finns inte heller någon sanning i krigstider. Man måste sluta kriget innan sanningen kommer fram. Och fred kan inte skapas av de som drivit kriget.

IRLANDS UTRIKESMINISTER David Andrews, drivande kraft i de förhandlingar som ledde fram till ett fredsavtal, påminde om att avtalet om Nordirland i april 1998 inte innebar slutet på fredsarbetet. – Mycket hårt arbete återstår innan folken kan leva i harmoni.

David Andrews underströk att varje konflikt har sin egenart, Nordirland, Bosnien, Rwanda, Öst-Timor, Kosovo.

– Men det finns några fundamentala likheter då det gäller det fredsbyggande arbetet: a) Grunden för ett avtal måste vara direkt dialog mellan parterna, b) man måste ha tålamod. Krigets sår måste få sin tid till läkning och c) avgörande för möjligheten att uppnå ett avtal är parternas politiska vilja att kompromissa med ömsesidig repsekt för varandras kulturer.

När det gäller Kosovo har ingen av principerna uppfyllts.

MEN VAD BETYDER Kosovo för den nya världsordningen. Och har kriget förändrat förutsättningarna för nedrustning? Frågorna hör till de som diskuteras intensivt under Haagkonfrerensen.

Sverige har varit ett av de länder som arbetat på ett förbud mot kärnvapen. Biträdande statsminister Lena Hjelm-Wallén uttrycker oro för den minskade takten i nedrustning av kärnvapen.

– Kärnvapen har åter oroande blivit centrala i Rysslands försvar efter arméns försämrade militära kapacitet. Tyvärr delas inte idéen om en kärnvapenfri värld av alla länder i dag. Men 38 länder har skrivit under förslaget om förbud av kärnvapen, därav ett kärnvapenland och tolv Natoländer. Dock inte USA.

Förutom de fem traditionella kärnvapenmakterna har nu tillkommit tre nya stater, Indien, Israel och Pakistan.

Så länge det finns kärnvapen finns risk för att de kommer till användning.

– En värld utan kärnvapen är en säkrare värld. Därför arbetar vi för en total eliminering av alla kärnvapen i en svensk tradition för fredsarbete .

© Helsingborgs Dagblad

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