På EU:s toppmöte i Göteborg ska en integration av EU och NATO klubbas igenom. Vi är djupt oroade.

Med slutet på Kalla Kriget och Warsawapaktens upplösning blev det svårt att rättfärdiga NATO:s existens och Sveriges invasionsförsvar. Hur förklara deras uppgift, hotbild och resursförbrukning när fienden hade kollapsat? Det militäre försvarets berättigande var hotat eftersom människorna i Europa förstod att säkerhet handlar om väldfärd, jämlikhet, miljövård och förtroendeskapande.

Kretsar som saknar fantasi till att föreställa sig en värld med mindre upprustning, våld och vapenhandel använde i det läget en gammal klassisk militär strategi: Angrepp är det bästa försvaret! Alltså: hitta nya fiender varje månad – Castro, Kim Il-Sung, Saddam Hussein, Milosevic, Khadaffi, narkotikatrafik. Och tala om för medborgarna att nya faror, t ex “etniska konflikter” lurar runt varje hörn.

Den andra strategin var att accelerara västlig kontroll: utvidga NATO:s territorium österut, ge den USA-ledda militäralliansen större resurser, göra kärnvapnen än mer sofistikerade, militarisera rymden och investera mer i vapenteknologi och forskning.

I Sverige, som i resten av västvärlden, började politiker och delar av officerskåren ett intensivt arbete för att rädda vad som räddas kunde. Man testade flera olika hotbilder för att försvara sin existens. Vi kommer ihåg olika varianter på temat “ryssen kan komma tillbaka.” Men efter att den forna Röda Armén förlorade i Tjetjenien 1996, ett land av Bohusläns storlek, blev det klart att denna armé knappast kunde fungera inom sitt eget lands gränser, långt mindre agera i aggressiva operationer utomlands.

Sedan försökte man med den “muslimska faran” dock utan någon större framgång. Räddningsplankan blev “internationella fredsupprättande och fredsbevarande operationer.” Utvalda minoriteters situation och skydd av utvalda mänskliga rättigheter genom “humanitära interventioner” (humanitära=militära) skulle rädda det “militär-industriella-politiska-komplexet.”

Denna tanke marknadsfördes för allt vad den var värd och blev testad i den freds-förhindrande hanteringen av Kosovo-problemet, som man förespeglade världsopinionen bara kunde lösas genom en folkrättsstridig bombning av Jugoslavien. På detta vis skall folket även i fortsättningen acceptera att stora skattemedel avsätts till upprustning och utvidgning av NATO. Fredsbevarande är förklädd intressepolitik och imperie-byggeri.

Samma argumentation används nu för att EU skall militariseras: EU-länderna bör inte igen stå som åskådare när Uncle Sam fixar problemen på EU:s bakgård med hela sin potens. Anna Lindh och Björn von Sydow framställer EU:s militära uppbyggnad som minröjning och fredsbevarande insatser. Den militära EU-kapacitet som nu byggs upp pekar på helt andra än rent defensiva och fredliga uppgifter.

Sanningen är att flera av EU:s stater gärna ser en federation med EU-regering (senast Schröder). Alla arbetar för en gemensam utrikes- och säkerhetspolitik och vapenindustri. I en sådan vision måste man också så småningom ha något som liknar en EU-armé, som kan agera utan amerikansk ledning och utan att Washington skall kunna ta åt sig “äran” för operationerna.

Vi tror inte att EU kommer att genomföra militära operationer utan att Vita Huset har gett sitt godkännande; av det enkla skälet att EU:s samlade militära kapacitet och industri är mycket liten i jämförelse med USA:s. Att vilja bli mer självständig är naturligt och änskvärt, men då får man välja att föra politik på ett annat sätt än USA, inte att matcha en mastodont där den är enormt överlägsen. Detta kräver politisk innovation – vilken saknas i EU åtminstone på detta området.

Det går en röd tråd från början på GUSP (EUs gemensamma utrikes- och säkerhetspolitik) 1991 över Kosovo till Kölnbeslutet 1999 om att ge EU kapacitet att agera med stöd av militära styrkor och till de senaste avtalen som samordnar den europeiska vapenindustrin. På EU:s toppmöte i juni i Göteborg ska en EU-NATO integration klubbas igenom.

Sverige har nu officiellt gett avkall på sin nationella kontroll av vapenexporten. Vi har också slopat neutraliteten, kravet om FN-mandat och solidariteten med små stater. Man har sagt adjö till förmågan att föra självständig utrikespolitik. Den Stora Anpassningens Politik (SAP) rullar på för fullt. Hur kan allt detta hända utan nämnvärd debatt om vi har en fri press?

EU:s turbo-militarisering öppnar för storskaliga offensiva militära operationer överallt där EU:s intressen är hotade. På ungefär samma sätt som för NATO skall det nu bildas en gemensam militärallians. Romano Prodi tillkännagav den 10 februari 2000 att “alla attacker eller angrepp mot ett EU-medlemsland är en attack eller ett angrepp mot hela EU – detta är den yttersta garantin.” Men Sverige hävdar att vi inte har några bindningar.

De viktigaste aktörerna i denna nya allians har kärnvapen och ingår i NATO. De beslut som nu fattas under Sveriges EU-ordförandeskap har stor betydelse for Europas framtid. Såväl NATO:s östutvidgning som EU:s militarisering och den amerikansk-japanska säkerhetspakten AMPO:s militära uppbyggnad i Ostasien, uppfattas självklart som hotfulla av länder som Ryssland, Indien och Kina. De ingår i den långa raden av “erfarenheter” från Napoleon, Karl XII och Hitler. Dessa militära projekt är oklok politik och får konsekvenser för generationer framåt.

De mycket omfattande konsekvenserna av allt detta förnekas systematiskt av svenska myndigheter. Minimalt med information släpps ut. Det är oacceptabelt att ingen demokratisk diskussion kan fortgå. Alla relevanta dokument måste offentliggöras. Därnäst måste centrala aktörer ställa upp på debatter. Media måste börja gräva och inte bara förmedla de försäljningsargument som presenteras på presskonferenser.

Det behövs en bred folklig upplysning och en allians av folkliga rörelser lik dem som förhindrade att Sverige skaffade sig kärnvapen och som fick Kalla Kriget och Berlinmuren att upphöra. Frågan om EU:s militarisering och Sverige utrikes- och säkerhetspolitiska helomvändning har samma dignitet idag. Det gäller den värld våra barn ska leva i.

Denna gång bör rörelsen kombinera sina argument mot de militära projekten med konstruktiva förslag på hur säkerhetspolitiken skall skötas i Sverige och i EU. Så som vi ser det har de militära medlen i stort spelat ut sin roll i en modern säkerhetspolitik. De bör underordnas civila insatser och bara användas när alla andra medel har visat sig resultatlösa – eksakt som det står skrivit i FN:s stadga, som också syftar till att avskaffa krig. USA:s, EU:s och Sveriges politik ökar sannolikheten för krig.

Hoten ser annorlunda ut och uppgifterna låter sig inte lösas med missiler och Jas-plan. Humanitära katastrofer eskaleras när bomberna faller. Regionala konflikter försvinner inte därför att en militärallians bombar sönder landets infrastruktur. Kosovo var och är inte en fredsmission utan en ockupation. Vare sig där eller i Bosnien är det utsikter till fred mellan folken. Gamla konflikter pyr, nya har skapats, Makedoniens kris nu har klara kopplingar till NATOs bombkrig.

Det måste resas en ny mur: muren mellan imperie- och maktpolitik å ena sidan och fredsskapnde politik å den andra. Samma aktörer kan inte samtidigt bedriva imperie- och fredspolitik.

Låt grupper som FN, OSSE, professionellt utbildade konfliktarbetare, socionomer, poliser, fredsarbetare, antropologer och psykologer få fem år och tio procent av de resurser som idag går till militär forskning. Då kan få fram demokratiska, kreativa och genomarbetade alternativ till de militära medlen. Skapa förutsättningar för fredsundervisning överallt och ge journalister möjlighet att lära konfliktjournalistik, inte bara krigsrapportering.

Bombningen av Kosovo kostade åtminstone 500 milliarder kronor. Det krävs inte mycket fantasi för att hitta på bättre sätt att använda dessa resurser än ett massivt bombangrepp från 8000 meters höjd.

Sverige kommer i framtiden att betala ett högt pris om vår regering fortsätter med att ignorera grundprincipen om att säkerhetspolitiska alternativ skall kunna utforskas och debatteras öppet. Endast då kommer den väg som väljs att vara säkert förankrad i kunskap och i folkviljan.

På EU-mötet i Göteborg i mitten av juni skall EU:s framtid på dessa områden uppenbarligen klubbas igenom utan folkligt stöd. Upp till debatt nu!

 För allt om denne problematik, länkar till dokument och aktivism, se TFF Special – Fight EU Militarization

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