Kalejdoskop 59 – Er Danmark ikke for atomnedrustning?

Vi får stadigt større enheder, mere komplekse problemer og kortere tid til at tage beslutninger, hvis konsekvenser tenderer at vokse mod uoverskuelighed. Når det går sådan mister vi opmærksomheden på og følelsen af sammenhæng. Noget vitalt afvikles under “udviklingen,” verdensbilleder krakellerer.

Der hersker en afgrundsdyb modsætning mellem kærnevåbnene på den ene side og menneskerettighederne på den anden, men vi ser den ikke. 50-året for FN’s Universale Erklæring om Menneskerettigheder er netop blevet fejret, men hverken medier, regeringer, skoler, folkelige bevægelser, debattører eller humanister påpegede deres modsigelsestyngede sammenhæng.

Retten til udvikling er essentiel, retten til liv fundamental. Der er bare to ting, der står i vejen herfor, nemlig a) den omstændighed at Vestverden styrer og er afhængig af én eneste “globaliserende” økonomi, der systematisk undergraver hundreder af millioners helt grundlæggende rettigheder, f.eks. retten til frit at søge og vælge et arbejde. Og b) militarisme og især nuklearisme, kærnevåbnene og mange andre våben, der koster ufattelige summer og kunne anvendes bedre. De truer enten menneskehedens eksistens eller mængder af befolkningsgrupper i krige verden over – takket være den omstændighed at de fem atomare Sikkerhedsrådsmedlemmer tegner sig for 85 procent af al våbenhandel.

Desværre er vor hovedallierede, USA, ledende både i korståget for (vestlige) fri- og rettigeheder og for undergravningen af dem på områderne a) og b). Siden 1945 har USA bygget og stationeret mere end 70,000 kærnevåben hvilket har kostet 40 000 000 000 000 (40 trillioner) kroner og opretholder et årligt militær budget på 2100 000 000 000 (2100 milliarder) kroner. USA står desuden for mere end 50% af al våbenhandel og af verdens hundrede største virksomheder for torturudstyr er 42 amerikanske.

Istedet for at fokusere på disse problemer elsker vi at oprøres over nogle få diktatorer, der i sammenligning udgør et overskueligt, næsten banalt, problem. De fleste af dem er direkte konsekvenser af det fejludviklede økonomiske system og militarismen. De har haft afsindigt dårlige rollemodeller. At Saddam Hussein er en tyran og massemorder, det véd vi og det er han. Men hvor er menneskerettighedsforkæmperne og hvilke ord bruger massemedierne om det massemord, der nu på 7. år foregår på Iraks uskyldige indbyggere, i konsekvens af vestlige sanktioner? I Vestens selvretfærdige kamp mod spredningen af kærnevåbnene – ikke deres eksistens som sådan – forbryder man sig mod mennesker og deres rettigheder i et omfang intet masseødelæggende våben endnu har.

I juni i år tog Brasilien, Egypten, Irland, Mexico, Ny Zealand/Auteoroa, Slovenien, Sydafrika og Sverige på udenrigsministerniveau initiativ til en “Deklaration På Vej mod en Kærnevåbenfri Verden – Behov for en Ny Dagsorden.”

Heri siger man mange kloge ting såsom at hypotesen om at disse våben ikke kan eksistere i undelighed og undgå at blive brugt er uholdbar, at det nu er 42 år siden FNs generalforsamling første gang opfordrede til eliminering af masseødelæggende våben, at kærnevåbenmagterne – de eksisterende, inklusive Indien og Pakistan og Israel – har en forpligtelse til at indlede forhandlinger og tage andre skridt til at nedruste, at dem med de største arsenaler bør gå først, at de bør afstå fra retten til førstebrug af kærnevåben, at kærnevåbenfrie zoner bør udbredes og at vi i det hele taget bør forberede os på en atomvåbenfri epoke.

Det siges klart at “vi kan ikke længere være tilfredse med atomstaternes tøven…hvad gælder hurtig, endelig og fuldstændig afskaffelse af deres kærnevåben og kærnevåbenkapacitet og vi henstiller til dem om at tage det skridt nu.”

Aftalen om Ikkespredning af Atomvåben fra 1968, gjort permanent i 1995, bygger på at lande, der ikke har disse våben skal afstå fra dem mod at kærnevåbenstaterne afskaffer sine. Mens Kina har indvilget i forhandliner nægter russerne samt vore allierede USA, Frankrig og England altså på 30. år. De bygger bare nye og med NATOs udviddelse spredes kærnevåbenproblemet indirekte til stadigt flere. Og Indien og Pakistan vil blive efterfulgt af flere.

Det yderst vigtige “mellemstatsinitiativ” – denne nye agenda – var der afstemning om i FNs generalforsamling den 4. december i år – 6 dage før verden fejrede menneske-rettighedserklæringen. Men hvem ser sammenhængen?

Hvordan gik det? 114 lande stemte for, naturligtvis initiativlandene – dog med undtagelse af Slovenien, der måske kom på at man ikke både kan være kritiske til atomvåbnene og gøre sig håb om at blive NATO-medlem. Og intet NATO-medlem stemte for resolutionen.

En lille minoritet på 18 bestående af atomtidens slyngelstater (“rogue states”) stemte imod – Frankrig, Indien, Israel, Pakistan, Rusland, England og USA – samt Bulgarien, Tjekkiet, Estland, Ungarn, Letland, Lithauen, Monaco, Polen, Rumænien, Slovakiet, Turkiet – altså kærnevåbenstater eller sådanne der allerede er kommende NATO-medlemmer eller håber at blive det. Tyrkiet var det eneste ikke-atomare NATO-land, der stemte imod, men det tjener formentlig en hel del på baserne.

Danmark og Norge, resten af NATO samt lande som atommagten Kina, Japan, Sydkorea, Makedonien og Ukraine afstod, 38 i alt.

Se lige på dette initiativs betydning, dets helt rimelige krav, dets faste folkeretslige grund, på Canberra-kommissionen og Den Internationale Domstols afgørelse der siger at kærnevåben er illegitime. Tænk på hvad nuklearismens penge kunne bruges til istedet. På disse våben hvis brug ville være den største forbrydelse mod menneskeheden. På disse våben der globalt styres af 600 mennesker der ikke noget land er under demokratisk kontrol eller legitimeret i form af f.eks. folkeafstemninger. Og stil så Dig selv nogle spørgsmål som f.eks. disse:

Hvorfor var Danmark ikke blandt initiativtagerne til denne Agenda?

Hvorfor stemte Danmark i det mindste ikke for resolutionen?

Hvorfor behandles kærnevåbnene stort set ikke i den danske politiske debat?

Hvorfor har Du – formodentlig – hørt og læst meget lidt om denne Agenda?

Hvordan får vi mere indflydelse på hvad Danmark siger ja og nej til internationalt?

Hvordan kan vi sikre at kærnevåbnene – ligesom slaveriet – afskaffes så sikkerhedspolitik kan blive et spørgsmål om udvikling, tryghed, demokrati og respekt for livet?

PhD, Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer, Professor Emeritus and media commentator

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