Nu ved vi det: der anvendes
rutinemæssigt tortur af USA
på basen i Guantanamo Bay

Trykt i The Guardian, 13 marts 2004

Vi lever virkelig i mørke tider. Et sikkert tegn påat nætterne bliver længere – selvom foråret nærmer sig – kommer fra intensiteten i angsten for tortur. Hele tiden er der rapporter om nye grusomheder – i Sudan, blandt britiske ofre i Saudi Arabien og om angsten for tortur. Senere i denne måned vil i Geneve Verdensorganisationen mod Tortur fortælle FNs menneskerettighedskommission, at “siden angrebene den 11. september har talrige stater vedtaget eller annonceret foranstaltninger, der er uforenelige med deres forpligtelser i forhold til international ret”. Samtidig som vi står over for nye grusomheder i Madrid, hører vi stemmerne af de første briter løsladt fra Guantanamo Bay, hvor de var udsat for et system af aldrig svigtende grusomhed, som beskrevet af den forhenværende fange, Jamal al-Harith.

Han beskriver systematisk ydmygelse som klart havde som mål at nedbryde ofrenes menneskelighed og som omfattede det at udsætte stærkt troende muslimer for fornærmelser fra prostituerede.

Centeret for rehabilitering af Torturofre i København var først med at yde systematisk medicinsk behandling til torturofre og med at forske i torturens virkninger. “Vi troede, at torturens formål var at fåinformation” siger centerets dr. Inge Genefke. “Men nej. Hovedmålet med tortur er at nedbryde, at ødelægge identiteten, personligheden.”

Efter års forskning konkluderede centeret: “Målgruppen for regeringsgodkendt tortur er ledere for etniske minoriteter, menneskerettighedsforkæmpere, fagforeningsmedlemmer, politikere, studenterledere, journalister og andre.”

Disse blev alle udvalgt, fordi de var ledende personligheder, som forfulgte mål, der var imod regeringens politik. Når de engang er brudt ned, er disse personer “fulde af angst, depressioner … deres familier lider. Andre bliver skræmte, bange for at blive udsat for samme behandling, og derfor tør de ikke følge disses mere modige eksempel.”

Trods dette mener mange, at krigen mod terror kan retfærdiggøre den slags foranstaltninger. ærværdige lederskribenter har foreslået, at det at holde folk vågne i lang tid eller langvarige forhør, under betegnelsen torture-lite, skulle tillades.

Sent i 2002 afslørede Washington Post: “Dybt inde i den forbudte zone på USAs Bagram-flyvebase i Afghanistan … står en samling skibscontainere beskyttet af en tredobbelt pigtrådsspærring. Containerne indeholder det mest værdifulde bytte i krigen mod terrorismen – tilfangetagne al Qaida folk og Taliban ledere”.

Avisen fortsatte med at beskrive den proces, de kalder “rendering[rendition]”, som består i at sende ikke-samarbejdsvillige fanger til lydige allierede, hvor man ikke tager sig forhørsmetoderne alt for nær. Guantanamo Bay, som er udenfor for alle normale retslige begrænsninger, har mere end 600 indsatte, som står udenfor rækkevidde for juridiske processer, hvorsomhelst i verden.

Det diskuteres fortsat om den amerikanske base pådet britiske område San Diego ogsåbruges til den slags forhør. Den engelske regering nægter det, men beskyldningerne fortsætter, og gengives af talrige borgerrettighedsgrupper.

Diktatur er ikke den eneste kilde til tortur. I imperiets tidsalder bliver adfærd, som ville have påkaldt sig almindelig misbilligelse i nationalstaten, “nødvendige” for at kontrollere de undertrykte nationer. Da den type af adfærd kan sprede angst til den hjemlige befolkning, som desværre har stemmeret, er det bedst at holde den begrænset til vanskeligt tilgængelige zoner eller fjerne øer under streng militær kontrol. I Bagram gælder der klart en anden lov end en, som finder anvendelse i det kontinentale USA. Desværre har andre regeringer, som den engelske, fundet det nødvendigt at se gennem fingre med det.

Men denne adfærd spredes til hovedstatslegemet og fordærver borgerrettighederne der også. Den har brug for en høj-sikkerhedsinstitution selv hjemme, sådan som den er etableret i Belmarsh. Den har brug for omskiftelige og opportunistiske politikere, som har svært ved at genkende det,r der i går blev vurderet som universelle, uomstridte sandheder.

Krigen mod terror er en perfekt psykotisk tilstand, indeni hvilken mørket kan udbrede sig. Den har ingen definerede grænser, ingen faste territoriale fjender: den tager, hvad der igår blev vurderet som simple forbrydelser og udvider dem mentalt til at kriminalisere hele befolkninger, sociale gruppe eller religioner.

Der er kun et middel mod denne snigende sygdom: at insistere påuniverselle menneskerettigheder, indenfor disse blev tortur kriminaliseret af FNs Konvention mod Tortur af 1984. Forbudt er her enhver officielt accepteret handling “som med vilje udsætter en person for alvorlig smerte eller lidelse, hvad enten den er fysisk eller mental”.

Men hvad enten det er forbudt eller ikke, såhar 3000 fanger, som beskyldes for at støtte al Qaida regelmæssigt blevet forsynet med masker og knebler, bundet i stillinger, der er beregnet påat skabe smerte og ubehag og systematisk berøvet søvn.

Jamal al-Harith sagde: “Hele meningen med Guantanamo var at knuse dig psykologisk. Tæskene var ikke nær såslemme som den psykiske tortur – sårene heler på en uge, men alt det andet bliver hos dig.”

Vi måsamle kræfterne sammen med de NGOer, som allerede forlanger, at FN inspicerer disse anlæg, hvor man mistænker mishandling af de fangne og at FN bringer sådanne anlæg under sin egen jurisdiktion.

Ken Coates er formand for Bertrand Russel Fredsfonden og redigerer dens avis Spokesman – og TFF Associeret.

Oversat fra engelsk af Orla Jordal, frivillig medarbejder ved TFF. Oversættelsen må anvendes – for fair use – stillet til fri rådighed af Orla Jordal i kampen for fred og mod krigsforbrydelser.

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