Idag, den 7. september 2020, i London starter en retssag, som får betydning for den frie presse i vesten i fremtiden. Sagen drejer sig om journalist og stifter af mediet WikiLeaks – Julian Assange – som er tiltalt for overtrædelse af den amerikanske spionagelov i forbindelse med at indhente og offentliggøre fortrolige militære- og diplomatiske dokumenter. Retten i London skal tage stilling til, om Julian Assange skal udleveres til USA til retsforfølgelse og potentielt 175 års fængsel. Men hvorfor har denne retssag betydning for hele den frie presse i vesten og for vores danske demokrati?

Sagen og historien om Julian Assange og WikiLeaks er lang og kompliceret, og de fleste danske medier ser ud til at have opgivet at følge den til dørs. Men jeg vil forsøge at opsummere sagen kort, og forklare hvorfor den er relevant for dig som borger i Danmark.

Demokrati bygger grundlæggende på at flertallet af borgerne bestemmer over resten, og i et repræsentativt demokrati som Danmark eller USA har borgerne valgt repræsentanter til at varetage deres interesserer og holdninger.

Medierne er sat i verden for at kontrollere de repræsentatives magt for borgerne. Det er dermed pressens opgave at afsløre magten og forholde sig kritisk til hvordan den udøver sin magt.

Her kommer mediet WikiLeaks ind i billedet.

WikiLeaks er stiftet af den australske statsborger Julian Assange. Mediet opererer globalt og dækker både indenrigspolitiske sager og geopolitiske affærer.

Det specialiserer sig i at publicere dokumenter og materialer, som magten forsøger at holde hemmelige for befolkningen – hvilket de er blevet verdenskendte for siden 2006 – og har offentliggjort store afsløringer.

Afsløring af krigsforbrydelser

Er man ansat i en organisation under en stat og er i besiddelse af foruroligende materiale, som man synes skal frem i offentlighedens lys, kan man altså aflevere det til WikiLeaks, og den skjulte information kan komme frem i offentlighedens lys – uanset om det drejer sig om Rusland, Kina, Danmark eller USA.

Det har medført at WikiLeaks og Julian Assange er blevet uvenner med mange magthavere og i høj grad med den amerikanske stat, hvor flere af WikiLeaks’ afsløringer har ført til skandaler, som har udstillet magtens moral i internationale og interne anliggender.

Det mest opsigtsvækkende, WikiLeaks har afsløret, er en video fra 2010, som dokumenterer amerikanske krigsforbrydelser i Irak (se nedenunder). Videoen viser billeder af en amerikansk helikopter, der med et maskingevær dræber uskyldige civile, deriblandt to journalister fra nyhedsbureauet Reuters.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVyJJXbHAgIu0026feature=emb_title

Videoen chokerede verden og er siden blevet et barskt symbol på hvordan NATO-landes og USAs krige i Mellemøsten indebærer civile tab – som magten helst ikke vil tale om eller helt benægter.

WikiLeaks har derudover også lækket materiale som afslørede amerikanske krigsforbrydelser mod både civile og fanger i Irak og Afghanistan, CIA’s metoder, torturmanualer, Hilary Clintons rolle i Libyen-krigen og forbindelse til Saudi Arabien, som skabte ISIS i Mellemøsten og USA’s forsøg på regimeskifte i Syrien med bevidsthed om et blodbad som konsekvens.

I USA er WikiLeaks og Assange blevet koblet sammen med Rusland i forlængelse af beskyldningerne om Ruslands indblanding i det amerikanske præsidentvalg i 2016, hvor Trump vandt.

Det har bidraget til beskyldningerne om, at Assange er spion for Rusland og har samarbejdet med russerne om at få Trump til magten, som mange mener, at Rusland ønskede.

Assange sidder som sagt i et fængsel i London, og retssagen handler om, hvorvidt han skal udleveres til retsforfølgelse i USA.

Fremtiden for fri presse er i fare

Første del af retssagen mod Julian Assange begyndte tilbage i februar og varede en uge, og den blev stort set ikke dækket i danske medier. Jeg lavede i sin tid en optælling på udvalgte danske medier og fandt stort set ingen selvstændig journalistik om emnet, og ingen danske medier var tilstede i London for at dække sagen.

Det er altså ikke en sag, som optager danske medier, og det er derfor forståeligt, hvis mange danskere overhovedet ikke kender til sagen.

Konsekvenserne i denne sag er større for os som borgere i Danmark, end man umiddelbart skulle tro, eftersom Danmark bekendt har deltaget i alle USA’s krige i Mellemøsten siden 2001.

Bliver Assange dømt og udleveret, vil spørgsmålet være, om andre journalister og medier både i Danmark og resten af verden vil turde at afsløre den slags materialer, hvis konsekvensen kan være fængsel for livstid.

Der findes også en frygt for at Assange kan trække andre medier med ned i sølet. Assange og WikiLeaks har nemlig sendt mange af sine afsløringer til vestlige medier, inklusive danske, som derpå har publiceret det samme materiale som WikiLeaks.

Hvis Assange og WikiLeaks bliver dømt for at publicere det fortrolige materiale, kan de muligvis sigtes for at have gjort det samme.

Journalist tortureret i England

Behandlingen af Julian Assange i England har været helt usædvanligt. Han søgte tilflugt og tilbragte derpå syv år på Ecuadors ambassade i London, hvor han søgte og modtog asyl i 2012. Den 11. april 2019 blev Assange så hentet af engelsk politi og slæbt ud af ambassaden og ind i en politibil.

Årsagen til at det efter syv år kunne lade sig gøre, er at Assange fik frataget sin staus somasylsøgende af den nye præsident i Ecuador.

Assange havde søgt skjul på ambassaden for ikke at møde op i retten i England, fordi han var anklaget for at have voldtaget to kvinder i Sverige, og udlægningen i mange medier var, at han flygtede fra at stå til ansvar og blive udleveret til Sverige.

Andre hævdede, at han flygtede ind på ambassaden af frygt for, at en udlevering til Sverige kunne resultere i at Sverige derpå ville udlevere ham til USA.

Som den engelske avis The Guardian skrev, “He fears there is a secret US indictment against him relating to WikiLeaks’ disclosure of leaked classified US documents.”

Noget kunne tyde på, at det har været en begrundet frygt fra Assange.

Ifølge offentliggjorte dokumenter forsøgte Sverige angiveligt at droppe sagen mod Assange, men i mails som The Guardian har set, ser det ud til at den offentlige tjeneste for retsforfølgelse i England, Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), har presset Sverige til at holde sagen i live; ellers ville den være blevet droppet i 2013. Men efter at advokaten, som stod for sagen i CPS, gik på pension, blev mailkorrespondancen mellem Sverige og CPS slettet, indrømmer CPS.

Sverige kunne have valgt at interviewe Assange i England angående sagen, som man gør i andre sager, men en del tyder altså på at CPS rådede svenskerne til ikke at tag imod det tilbud. Sverige droppede først sagen mod Assange i maj 2017.

De to kvinder valgte altså ikke at lægge sag an mod Assange, og en af kvinderne har også sidenhen sagt at hun ikke på noget tidspunkt havde tænkt sig at gøre det.  

Efter at Assange blev slæbt ud af ambassaden i London, har han tilbragt tiden i et topsikret fængsel i Storbritannien.

I 2019 besøgte FN’s særlige rapportør om tortur, Nils Melzer, Julian Assange i fængslet, hvor han efterfølgende skrev i et brev, at han vurderede, at Assange’s liv var i fare og at behandlingen af ham ikke stod i et rimeligt forhold med hans (eventuelle) forbrydelse: ”Han bliver fortsat tilbageholdt under undertrykkende betingelser for isolation og overvågning, ikke berettiget af hans tilbageholdelsesstatus”, skriver Melzer (oversat).

Den særlige rapportør og hans medicinske team rapporterede, at han viste “alle de symptomer, der er typiske for langvarig eksponering for psykologisk tortur” og krævede øjeblikkelige foranstaltninger til beskyttelse af hans helbred og værdighed.

Nils Melzer var ikke den eneste, som havde gjort opmærksom på Julian Assanges helbredsmæssige tilstand. I et åbent brev i november 2019 gør 60 læger opmærksom på, at Assanges helbred er kritisk, og at han bør blive flyttet til et hospital.

I 2019 besøgte journalist, John Pilger, også Julian Assange og her fortæller han, hvordan han oplevede Julian Assanges tilstand:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVEtUpURNAw

Ifølge FN’s rapportør for tortur var Assange altså udsat for psykologisk tortur i et fængsel i et vestligt demokrati.

Medier svigter med deres stilhed

Sagen bringer mindelser tilbage om de berømte Pentagon Papers om Vietnamkrigen, som viste, at USA havde løjet overfor sin egen befolkning omkring landets aktiviteter. Whistleblower Daniel Ellsberg – Pentagon-ekspert i udvælgelse af mål for både konventionelle og atomare bombninger – blev dengang også tiltalt for lækagen, men det blev senere opgivet. Det har ikke været tilfældet for Chelsea Manning, der nu sidder i fængsel i USA og lækkede dokumenterne til WikiLeaks og Julian Assange.

Omkring Pentagon-Papirerne var indtrykket at medierne samlede sig om whistlebloweren, og at Ellsbergs heltemod bidrog til at afsløre magtens løgne omkring noget så alvorligt som krig. Det var så vigtigt et princip for medierne, at de stod bag Ellsberg (der havde leveret dokumenterne anonymt i Washington Posts og New York Times’ brevkasser).

Denne gang ser det ud til, at medierne i England, USA eller Danmark ikke støtter op om den journalist/whistleblower, der afslørede magten i USA og dens løgne om krigene.

Det bliver derfor sandsynligvis nok så vanskeligt at følge sagen på dansk – danske medier fulgte jo ikke sagen i februar 2019. Derfor kan jeg kun anbefale nogle engelsksprogede medier og enkelte personer, som jeg selv har oplevet tidligere har bidraget med dækning og perspektiver om sagen (se sidst i artiklen).

Jeg mener, at det er en principiel forsømmelse af de danske medier – og en spciel forsømmelse eftersom Danmark har fulgt USA i stort set alle dets krige. Derfor skrev jeg den 25. juni 2020 en klage til DR.dk om redaktionens dækning, hvori jeg gjorde opmærksom på, at jeg mente, man ikke skrev nok om sagen og ikke havde undersøgt sagen grundigt nok.

Danmarks Radio har ikke svaret på min klagen.

Et generelt problem i sagen om Assange, som DR også gør sig skyldig i er, at man ofte fokuserer på personen Julian Assange og ikke de pressemæssige principper, som han repræsenterer eller de forbrydere, som han har afsløret.

Anklagerne om voldtægt, som viste sig ikke at være berettigede, har været med til at tilsværte mandens ry og fjerne fokus fra sagens kerne om pressens fremtidige frihed og den demokratiske opgave det må være altid at afsløre magtmisbrug, ikke mindst af denne meget grove karaktér.

Dertil har medierne tidligere ofte haft fokus på, at Assange er anklaget for at have hjulpet Chelsea Manning med at hacke sig adgang til nogle af de materialer, WikiLeaks har publiceret.

Set i lyset af hvad Assange har afsløret, fremstår han – hvis han er skyldig og bliver dømt – som en relativ lille forbryder, i sammenligning med den korruption han har udstillet og de kriminelle militærfolk i helikopteren i videoen ovenfor, der dræbte civile på jorden.

Det er vanskeligt at ikke spørge sig selv, når man ser videoen, hvor ofte den slags mord har fundet sted siden 2001 – i navnet af at bekæmpe terrorisme over hele verden?

Hvis Julian Assange bliver udleveret til USA, kan man formode, at det skræmmer andre journalister og medier fra at turde afsløre den slags krigsforbrydelser fremover. Ansvaret ligger hos medierne og journalisterne i vesten, der kunne vælge at stå op for deres rolle, som kritisk kontrol af magten i deres respektive demokratiske samfund.

Er Assange journalist, hacker eller spion? Har denne sag betydning for den frie presses fremtid i vesten og i Danmark?

Det kan vi som borgere i Danmark først tag stilling til, hvis medierne vælger at passe deres arbejde.

For rapportering om retssagen:

Medier

consortiumnews.com

counterpunch.org

antiwar.com

Media Lens 

Liberty Report

Personer på Twitter:

Peter Kofoed – Skribent

Dan Mygind – Journalist

Nils Melzer – FN’s særlige rapportør om tortur

John Pilger – Prisvindende journalist

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