Ska EU:s fortsatta utveckling bygga på demokrati eller demagogi? Frågan kanske förvånar men är nog nödvändig att ställa eftersom EU:s stora svaghetjust är det demokratiska “underskottet”. Allt fler känner sig allt mindre engagerade och representerade. Projektets politiska legitimitet försvagas. Konsekvensen blir nya konflikter. En växande klyfta mellan folk och folkvalda ökar utrymmet för extrema och antidemokratiska krafter.

Den 28 maj (04) publicerades den första opinionsundersökningen inför valet till europaparlamentet, kallad EU25. 12.184 personer telefonintervjuades under perioden 5 – 16 maj. I Sverige var det bara 31% som angav att man säkert skulle gå rösta. Det var den lägsta siffran bland de femton gamla medlemsländerna. Genomsnittet i EU25 var 45%. Bara 22% av svenskarna kunde enligt undersökningen ange valdagen den 13 juni. Genomsnittet i EU25 var 37%.

Hur kommer då sig detta? Många tycker sig ha små möjligheter att verkligen påverka. Det verkar nästan som om den mest centrala frågan hela tiden undanhålls det val som står för dörren. När vi skulle folkomrösta om själva medlemskapet fick vi inte prata om EMU. Det hängde inte alls ihop med medlemskapet, sa man då. I riksdagsvalet år 2002 skulle vi varken tala om EU eller EMU, eftersom vi skulle ha en folkomröstning (om EMU) senare. Alltså var det inte en fråga där riksdagsledamöterna skulle besluta.

Nu, i valet till EU-parlamentet, ska vi inte prata om EU:s framtid, dvs om förslaget till “Konstitution”. Inte föratt vi ska ha en folkomröstning senare, vilket vore högst rimligt, utan för att det inte är EU-parlamentarikerna som ska besluta i den frågan. Det ska nämligen riksdagsledamöterna göra. Alltså borde vi ha pratat (mycket!) om “Konstitutionen” i riksdagsvalet år 2002. Men då fanns det inget färdigt förslag att prata om. Det var en “process” som pågick, alltså inget konkret att debattera, fick vi till svar, vi som faktiskt försökte.

Så nu är vi alltså i den situationen igen, att den mest avgörande frågan, den om EU:s framtida utveckling, hamnar utanför det val som just står för dörren. Är det då konstigt att folk inte bryr sig?

Respekt för demokratin, manifesterat i ett högt valdeltagande, förutsätter att vi pratar om det som är viktigt, oavsett vad det är för val. Gränsen mellan lokal, regional, nationell och internationell politik suddas ut allt mer.Frågorna griper in i varandra. Alltså kan man varken gräva ner sig i enskilda direktiv eller förenkla frågan så till den milda grad att man bara talar om den i termer av “höger – vänster”.

Hur ser EU:s utveckling ut? Vilka linjer kan vi se? Vilka intressen verkar dominera? Vilka visioner fanns från början hos alla de medborgare som gav unionen sitt stöd? Olika naturligtvis, beroende på vem man frågar, men en absolut bärande tanke för många var tanken på fred. Ett sargat Europa skulle bli ett samarbetande Europa. Ett Europa befriat från krigets gissel har varit (och är) en dröm för många, särskilt för alla dem med egna erfarenheter av det absolut motsatta.

Om vi tillåter oss att tänka efter en stund så kan vi faktiskt konstatera att vi är där. Målet har uppnåtts! Inget av EU:s 25 medlemsländer är idag hotat av något annat medlemsland. Det finns inte något militärt hot från någon sida överhuvudtaget. EU står alltså inför en fantastisk möjlighet. Möjligheten att tänka nytt! Möjligheten att bli ett civiliserat fredsprojekt i stället för ett traditionellt militariserat stormaktsprojekt. Ett stort, hett efterlängtat, civilisatoriskt steg framåt i mänsklighetens historia är alltså inom räckhåll! Vad som krävs är en historisk satsning för minskat våld – både militärt och civilt(det hänger ihop!). Vad som krävs är konflikthantering. Inte traditionellt försvar och absolut inte kärnvapen.

Hur avspeglar sig då detta i förslaget till “Konstitution”? Inte alls! Tvärtom fortsätter EU i det kalla krigets gamla hjulspår. Samma gamla strategier, doktriner och vapenteknologier ska användas, men nu på den globala arenan. Skrivningarna om militär upprustning är tydliga i förslaget till “Konstitution”. I strid med FN-stadgans uttalade målsättning om militär nedrustning, slår man fast att medlemsländerna ska avsätta mer pengar till de militära ändamålen! Finlands utrikesminister, Erkki Tuomioja, har kommenterat det så här, i en nyligen utkommen bok: ” EU:s konstitution skulle då vara det enda dokument i världen som går under namnet grundlag, där man uttryckligen eftersträvar upprustning.”

Fred är inte bara frånvaro av krig. Fred är också frånvaro av förberedelser för krig.Den 17 maj i år, beslöt EU:s försvars- och utrikesministrar att man ska ha upprättat nio militära snabbinsatsstyrkor, med 1500 man vardera, fram till år 2007. Styrkorna ska kunna sättas in överallt i världen, inom 15 dagar efter det att EU:s regeringar har ställt sig bakom en insats. Den svenska regeringen protesterade oss veterligen inte.

Föreställningen om att män ska försvara kvinnor och barn med militära medel, lever fortfarande starkt bland den manliga majoriteten beslutsfattare i EU. Våldets ordning, byggd på stereotypa könsroller, där mannen kopplas till våld och virilitet, makt och militär, medan kvinnan är svag och offer, i behov av ömsom beskydd och bestraffning, är en grundbult i den ökande våldsspiral vi nu ser omkring oss. På slagfälten, i fängelserna, i fält- och fredsförbandens bordeller, i de systematiska våldtäkterna och skändningarna, i den gränslösa handeln med kvinnors kroppar och in i EU-huvudstädernas prostitutionskvarter. Våld och sexualitet, intimt sammankopplade i patriarkal perversitet.

Vi borde kunna bättre! Illusionen om säkerhet och fred genom vapen har dödat tillräckligt många. Våldet stänger möjligheter som ickevåldet kan öppna. Demokratins verktyg ger oss förutsättningar. En folkomröstning om “Konstitutionen”, i alla EU:s medlemsländer samtidigt, skulle kunna inspirera en utveckling som gör EU till en stark kraft för en globaliserad humanism, baserad på konflikthantering och fredsutbildning. Alltså – det är dags för en fredsakademi i varje land, i stället för militära snabbinsatsstyrkor!

Transnationella Stiftelsen för Freds- och Framtidsforskning, TFF

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