“Det finns något anarkistiskt då det gäller hur människor reagerar på våld. Irakierna runt mig stod och tittade, liksom jag själv, då väldiga eldtungor slog ut från de övre våningarna av Saddams palats, långt upp i himlen. Märkvärdigt nog fungerade elnätet fortfarande och runt om oss slog trafikljusen om mellan rött och grönt. Affischer fladdrade i vinden från chockvågorna och belysningen fortsatte att flöda över de offentliga byggnaderna. Över oss kunde vi se täta rökridåer driva över Bagdad, vita av explosionerna, svarta av de brinnande målen. …

Så rapporterar Independents legendariske journalist Robert Fisk i lördagens tidning (http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/story.jsp?story=389497). Han sammanfattar missilernas budskap:

“… att USA måste lydas. Att ingenting får stå i dess väg, varken EU, FN, Nato eller något annat.”

I senaste numret av den franska månadstidningen Le Monde Diplomatique uttrycker sig den indiska författarinnan Arundhaty Roy på liknande vis:

“Vad kan vi göra? … Vi kan visa fram George Bush och Tony Blair och deras allierade som barnamördare, vattenförgiftare och fega långdistansbombare, Vi kan återuppfinna civil olydnad på en miljon olika sätt. … Vi kan låta honom (Bush) veta att världens folk inte behöver välja mellan en ondskefull Mickey Mus och “mad mullahs”, galna religiösa ledare.”

Noam Chomsky uttrycker sig i Z-Magazine (http://www.zmag.org/weluser.htm) på liknande vis 20.3. Han skriver om den växande fruktan för USA:s övermakt, “som betraktas som det största hotet mot världsfreden, förmodligen av en stor majoritet”.

Fredag kväll inleddes det stora flygangreppet mot Bagdad, det som kallats “Shock and awe”, chock och fruktan. Militära amerikanska talesmän har länge förklarat vad det går ut på. Massiva bombningar mot noga utvalda mål ska få den irakiska regimen att kapitulera. Med smarta bomber ska presidentpalats och regeringsbyggnader slås ut med minimala civila offer.

Smarta bomber har använts i tidigare krig, under Operation Ökenstorm 1991 och under bombningarna av Jugoslavien 1999. I efterhand visade det sig att tio procent av de smarta bomberna inte fungerade som avsett och att långt ifrån alla bomber (eller missiler) var dyra “smarta”. Redan i fredags missade en missil målet och slog ner fem mil inne i Iran, där den träffade ett oljeraffinaderi. Under Jugoslavienkriget hamnade på liknande vis missiler i Rumänien.

Vad händer egentligen i femmiljonerstaden Bagdad och i miljonstaden Basra? Robert Fisks text ger en indikation. TV-bolagen visar mest bilder från uppställda kameror av en brinnande stad. Men kameran är bara sällan på gatan. Bara där kan chocken bland civila skildras, som så ofta efter ett självmordsattentat i Israel. I Badgad är de döda mest osynliga, åtminstone ännu när detta skrivs på lördagen.

Bäst så för den angripande armén, tänker jag. Men det finns modiga journalister på plats i Bagdad, både Robert Fisk och andra.

“Bagdad brinner” konstaterade Aftonbladet redan på fredagsmorgonen, lika skrämmande som korrekt över hela förstasidan. Kollegan Expressen hade en annan nyhetsvärdering: “Saddam skickar självmordspiloter”.

I Expressen finns inte det brinnande Bagdad, inte på förstasidan.

Inne i tidningen ges en källhänvisning. “Nyheten” kommer från brittiska Sky Chanel som ska ha återgett “uppgifter” om detta.

Senare samma dag går jag igenom Sky News webbsida (www.sky.com/skynews/home). Inte ett ord om Saddams självmordspiloter.

Självmordspiloterna var nog ett löst rykte, som blev huvudlös huvudnyhet på krigets andra dag.

BBC är som så ofta bäst både på TV, i BBC World Service, på kortvåg och på webben. På webben (http://www.bbc.co.uk/) finns under kriget också sändarens korrespondenters “krigsdagböcker”, som minut för minut återger vad dessa rutinerade journalister ser och erfar.

Dansk TV sänder BBC hela natten, en utmärkt service. Nya svenska kanalen 24 inledde med en halvtimmes textad BBC på sen kvällstid. Men satsningen bara drogs bort och det utan att ens text-TV:s tablåer ändrades.

Massmedierna mobiliserar stort nu när kriget inletts efter en årslång uppladdning. För den med engagemang och tålamod förmedlas mängder av information. Frågan är bara vad vi kan lita på i det krig som också är ett hänsynslöst informationskrig?

Krig är oförutsägbara. Saker händer som inte borde få ske. Det finns flera möjliga “worst case”, värsta tänkbara händelsekedjor, då läget kan bli svårkontrollerbart. De amerikanska trupperna är utrustade med kärnvapen, vilket man inte talar högt om. Nu går stora turkiska trupper in i Irak.

Medierna i USA har blivit “Megafoner för den officiella linjen”, skriver den amerikanska mediegranskande organisationen FAIR (Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting, http://www.fair.org). Fair har granskat de dominerande amerikanska TV-bolagens (ABC, CBS, NBC och PBS) kvällssändningar under en tvåveckorsperiod i februari. Det kommande kriget omnämndes i nyhetsinslag med 393 intervjuade. De allra flesta var myndighetspersoner, positiva till kriget. Bara en enda person från den amerikanska antikrigsrörelsen intervjuades vid ett enda tillfälle. Så var det med “objektiviteten”.

Fair konstaterar i en annan rapport att TV-bolagen inte tog upp de varningar för krigets konsekvenser som formulerats. Human Rights Watchs 25-sidiga rapport om en humanitär katastrof (13/2) för hundratusentals irakier omnämndes inte. ABC, CBS och NBC teg också om de FN-uppgifter som förutsade att 30 procent av Iraks barn under fem riskerar att dö till följd av undernäring i händelse av krig. En halv miljon irakier kommer att ha akuta behov av sjukvård, till följd av direkta skador och av sjukdomar orsakade av förstörda avlopp och utslagen vattenförsörjning. Brittiska Guardian rapporterade om detta (29/1). “Vet medierna att krig dödar? heter det i rubriken på Fairs rapport.

På kvällen den dag då USA gått till anfall mot Irak ser jag irakisk satellit-TV. Demonstrerande människomassor hyllar den store ledaren. Saddam Hussein kommer ridande på en vit häst. Man visar bilder på Saddam från hans “omra”, den mindre pilgrimsfärden till Mekka. Nu lägger han sig på marken och ber på sin bönematta.

Det är arkivbilder. Fungerar TV-huset? Lever Saddam?

Religionen spelar en helt annan roll för George W Bush. Han ser sig själv som den av Gud utvalde som går till krig inte bara för USA utan för hela mänskligheten.

I hans stora “State of the Union”-tal den 28 januari i år hette med en karakteristisk formulering:

“Amerikanerna är ett fritt folk, som vet att frihet är varje individs rätt och varje nations framtid. Friheten vi prisar är inte Amerikas gåva till världen, den är Guds gåva till mänskligheten.”

Amerikanska stridsvagnar rullar därmed nu “in the name of God” genom öknen mot Bagdad. Eller med Noam Chomskys ord:

“… den mest skräckinjagande militärmakten i mänsklighetens historia har släppts lös mot en försvarslös fiende …”

© TFF & the author 2003  

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