Av Christian Hårleman*

1:a september 2018

Våren 1992 blev jag ombedd att som militär rådgivare arbeta i Departement of Peacekeping Operations (DPKO). Det var inte helt oväntat sedan jag de föregående tre åren hade arbetat i New York med peacekeeping vid dels International Peace Academy (IPA) och dels vid UN Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR).

Även om jag var hyfsat underkunnig om peacekeeping var jag färsk i min nya roll som militär rådgivare vid UN HQs. Detta skedde ungefär vid samma tid som när Kofi Annan övertog chefskapet över DPKO efter den dynamiska britten Marrack Goulding. Departementet var vid Annans tillträde starkt engagerad i konflikten i Jugoslavien vilken även präglade Säkerhetsrådets politiska agenda.

Det var en turbulent tid där formerna för och strukturen av peacekeeping konceptet per se ifrågasattes. Att för Annan överta departementet vid denna tid var således ingen lätt uppgift och många undrade om ”the softspoken Annan” var i stånd att matcha kraven från Säkerhetsrådet och truppbidragarländerna – inte minst mot bakgrunden av den alltmer omfattande och komplexa situationen på Balkan.

Inom kort kom Annan alla skeptiker på skam. Hans djupa kunskap om det stora och mångfacetterade FN-systemet var inte bara teoretiskt inhämtad utan Annans stora förtrogenhet med hela systemet härrörde sig även från alla de år han arbetat med vitt skilda frågor inom organisationen.

Det tog därför inte särskilt lång tid innan den nye departementschefen var väl insatt i alla de frågor som åvilade departementet.

Kofi Annan var alltid synnerligen välklädd, tunt grått skägg, ”huskey” röst, ganska liten men rörde sig med en naturlig elegans. Han utstrålade en självklar auktoritet, som parad med hans klokhet och starka empati samt ett aldrig sviktande lugn gjorde honom till en central punkt var han än befann sig.

Hela hans apparition ingav ett stort förtroende till vilket man förhöll sig med respekt. Annan var synnerligen omtyckt – inte minst av Departementets personal som han påtagligt värnade om. En sekreterare i Annans stab yttrade vid något tillfälle – om jag blir avskedad önskar jag att det är Mr. Annan som meddelar mig detta.

DPKO var under departementschefen och hans stab organiserat i ett antal avdelningar vilka ansvarade för de aktuella geopolitiska områdena Afrika, Asien, Mellan Östern, Central Amerika och Europa. Inom varje avdelning fanns en chef med sina politiska rådgivare som alla var FN tjänstemän.

Efter behov knöts till avdelningarna sekonderade militära specialister d.v.s. officerare från medlemsstaterna. Dessutom fanns det en administrativ avdelning samt senare en avdelning som skulle svara för etablering av ett för truppbidragarländerna konformt utbildningssystem för de fredsbevarande styrkorna. Det var detta som blev min huvudsakliga uppgift.

Det var en ganska jobbig tid där policy och koncept skulle introduceras och koordineras med medlemsländerna. Allt detta krävde resurser i form av pengar och personal. Det hela blev därutöver en politisk fråga enär liknande idéer ej tidigare hade på allvar diskuterats – och definitivt inte inom FN:s huvudkvarter.

Frågan måste därför föreläggas Generalförsamlingen och dess Femte utskott för ett principbeslut om verksamheten som sådan och därefter ett beslut om medelstilldelning. Annan och hans stab hjälpte och guidade mig under denna process och med aktivt stöd från den amerikanska FN delegation gick det hela igenom.


FN hade nu för första gången fått ett samordnat och senare implementerat utbildningspaket för de fredsbevarande styrkorna och Sekretariatet hade begåvats med permanent militär utbildningsenhet.

Annan hade sett och förstått behovet av denna utbildning och ville se detta realiserat som del i FN:s reformprogram för de fredsbevarande styrkorna.

Vid denna tid fanns inom Sekretariatet ett ganska massivt motstånd gentemot etableringen av en permanent militär enhet i FN-högkvarteret. Det ansågs ej förenligt med FN:s allmänna policy att organisera en ständig militär närvaro i Sekretariatet, vilket var att betrakta som en ”non-military organisation”. Sådana enheter skulle tillhöra de av FN beslutade externa fältoperationerna. Motståndet var tufft.

När policyn hade formulerats, samordnats inom eget departement och aktuella dokument på väg ut till de andra departementen samt som förhandsinfo till Femte utskottet – då ringde Annans andre man och meddelade mig kort att inga dylika dokument skulle distribueras – det fanns inget behov för denna slags verksamhet inom Sekretariastet.

Arbetar man i FN ”far-man-inte-taket” – man reflekterar, bidar och undersöker. Det visade sig att dokumenten fanns hos departementets administrativa chef – min vän Franz Bauman. Han hade inte fått något meddelande, kände inte till något om ett återkallande om ”non-distribution” varför han på min fråga helt sonika sände iväg dokumenten till alla listade mottagare inklusive Femte utskottet. Detta var ju högst irriterande för vissa. Min personal och jag var lättade och Annan godkände hela konceptet.

Hela genomförandeprocessen var komplicerad och omfattade bl.a. fem stora regionala seminarier till vilka inbjöds endast berörd personal från de regionala ländernas utrikes- och försvarsdepartement. Inga andra tilläts deltaga för att ej försvåra det därvarande politiska klimatet.

I det sammanhanget blev jag så tillfrågad om Spaniens ambassadör i Argentina kunde beredas möjlighet att närvara vid seminariet i Buenos Aires. Svaret blev nekande varför spanjorerna vände sig till Annans andre man. Denne svarade ja och informerade mig efteråt om sitt beslut. Jag protesterade med hänvisning till tidigare beslutad policy i denna fråga men det var inte tal om att ändra fattat beslut.

Jag bad då om företräde för Annan, föredrog ärendet varvid han förklarade att han skulle lösa frågan. Det gjorde han – det kom ingen spansk ambassadör. Detta kan synas som sk-t saker och så är det i vår kultur och där vi gör andra prioriteringar. Inom FN systemet och främst inom Sekretariatet ser man helt annorlunda på detta. Det rör sig om prestige, positioneringar, inflytande och ”face-saving”.

Annan och det stora flertalet stod helt utanför dessa futiliteter – men var medveten om dem.

Om Annan har sagts och sägs mycket – om hans diplomatiska förmåga, ”Fingerspitzgefühl”, integritet, förmågan att rätt förhålla sig till den regionala/globala komplexiteten, hans hängivenhet till FN och ödmjukheten till sin uppgift.

Annan var högt respekterad av olika statsmän runt om i världen inte minst för sin mjuka men ändå principfasta framtoning i alla krävande förhandlingar.

Personligen ansåg jag Annan som en utomordentlig person med chefsegenskaper som går lång utöver det vanliga. En sådan stimulerande chef som Kofi Annan har jag aldrig haft.

Annan fångar nog sig själv bäst i ett av hans många odödliga ”quotables” – “We may have different religions, different languages, different colored skin, but we all belong to one human race”.

*Christian Hårleman är fd ordförande för TFF:s styrelse. Se övrigt om honom på länken ovan.


Related Posts

It’s a matter of principles, courage, vision and pulling together – while the militarist world is falling apart… Peter Langille October 3, 2026 “Here, then, is the problem which we present to you, stark and dreadful and inescapable: Shall we put an end to the human race; or shall mankind renounce war?”The Bertrand Russell—Albert Einstein Manifesto, July 9, 1955 ⁕ The forecast for what’s ahead is worrisome. The sharp rise in armed conflicts over the past three years is adding to what was already the highest level in over seventy years. Genocides, which should be prevented are supported. A shared climate emergency that jeopardises survival is ignored. Diverse polls now suggest that people are war-weary, worried and interested in a more effective United Nations. And, there are viable policy options for a more secure world! Yet governments are doubling-down, betting on more war and investing heavily. If current trends persist,...
Johan Galtung 1930-2024October 2015 Published here on October 3, 2026 Let us focus on Civilization for conflict analysis and remedies. Major forms of disorder use violence; war is state organized violence. The most belligerent states are the United States of America and Israel, both with civilization roots. National Evangelism, the US Protestant Christian civilization– more national than evangelical–justifies US warfare as exceptionalism of a people chosen by God, with a manifest destiny to run the world. Orthodox Judaism justifies Israeli warfare to conquer and expand from Nile to Euphrates as a religious right and duty to the Eternal One. The third most belligerent country, the UK, no longer believes it is God-chosen but chosen by the USA; not quite the same but something. But the root cause of global disorder lies in the Occident–with Islam–seeing itself as the single, universal civilization valid for all at all times, all others being...
Jan ObergPhD, director, The Transnational Foundation for Peace and Future Research, TFFLund, Sweden October 2, 2026 This is my full original manuscript. The Chinese Academy of Social Science, CASS, makes two publications out if it. 1. China’s Five-year plan emphasized the capabilities of basic research and original innovation. It is regarded as the goal of the future social development, which, as required, should be significantly enhanced. Can you comment on the importance of original innovation in research and academic study? I believe it is easier to define “original innovation” in the natural sciences than in social sciences. The breaking points of what constitutes something new, or innovative, are not quite as sharp in the latter. But in both fields it is about opening up something that was closed, unseen, unexplored before – making manifest what was earlier latent. Innovations come in many forms and shapes – naming something that was not...

Recent Articles

Tony Robinson October 4, 2026 Violence is easy to recognise when someone is being beaten, shot or killed. It becomes more difficult when nobody is holding a weapon. Poverty, discrimination, exploitation and repression can restrict a human life just as effectively, although they do so in very different ways and with very different consequences. Simply adding more categories to an ever-growing list of forms of violence does not really solve the problem. The more interesting question is what all these different situations have in common and why it makes sense to describe them using the same word. Human beings do not simply react to what happens around them. They remember the past, imagine things that do not yet exist, make plans and undertake projects. Workers organise because they imagine different working conditions; people migrate because they imagine another life somewhere else; social movements emerge because people refuse to accept the...
It’s a matter of principles, courage, vision and pulling together – while the militarist world is falling apart… Peter Langille October 3, 2026 “Here, then, is the problem which we present to you, stark and dreadful and inescapable: Shall we put an end to the human race; or shall mankind renounce war?”The Bertrand Russell—Albert Einstein Manifesto, July 9, 1955 ⁕ The forecast for what’s ahead is worrisome. The sharp rise in armed conflicts over the past three years is adding to what was already the highest level in over seventy years. Genocides, which should be prevented are supported. A shared climate emergency that jeopardises survival is ignored. Diverse polls now suggest that people are war-weary, worried and interested in a more effective United Nations. And, there are viable policy options for a more secure world! Yet governments are doubling-down, betting on more war and investing heavily. If current trends persist,...
Johan Galtung 1930-2024October 2015 Published here on October 3, 2026 Let us focus on Civilization for conflict analysis and remedies. Major forms of disorder use violence; war is state organized violence. The most belligerent states are the United States of America and Israel, both with civilization roots. National Evangelism, the US Protestant Christian civilization– more national than evangelical–justifies US warfare as exceptionalism of a people chosen by God, with a manifest destiny to run the world. Orthodox Judaism justifies Israeli warfare to conquer and expand from Nile to Euphrates as a religious right and duty to the Eternal One. The third most belligerent country, the UK, no longer believes it is God-chosen but chosen by the USA; not quite the same but something. But the root cause of global disorder lies in the Occident–with Islam–seeing itself as the single, universal civilization valid for all at all times, all others being...

TFF on Substack

Discover and subscribe to more peace materials on TFF Substack

Most Popular

Tony Robinson October 4, 2026 Violence is easy to recognise when someone is being beaten, shot or killed. It becomes more difficult when nobody is holding a weapon. Poverty, discrimination, exploitation and repression can restrict a human life just as effectively, although they do so in very different ways and with very different consequences. Simply adding more categories to an ever-growing list of forms of violence does not really solve the problem. The more interesting question is what all these different situations have in common and why it makes sense to describe them using the same word. Human beings do not simply react to what happens around them. They remember the past, imagine things that do not yet exist, make plans and undertake projects. Workers organise because they imagine different working conditions; people migrate because they imagine another life somewhere else; social movements emerge because people refuse to accept the...
It’s a matter of principles, courage, vision and pulling together – while the militarist world is falling apart… Peter Langille October 3, 2026 “Here, then, is the problem which we present to you, stark and dreadful and inescapable: Shall we put an end to the human race; or shall mankind renounce war?”The Bertrand Russell—Albert Einstein Manifesto, July 9, 1955 ⁕ The forecast for what’s ahead is worrisome. The sharp rise in armed conflicts over the past three years is adding to what was already the highest level in over seventy years. Genocides, which should be prevented are supported. A shared climate emergency that jeopardises survival is ignored. Diverse polls now suggest that people are war-weary, worried and interested in a more effective United Nations. And, there are viable policy options for a more secure world! Yet governments are doubling-down, betting on more war and investing heavily. If current trends persist,...
Johan Galtung 1930-2024October 2015 Published here on October 3, 2026 Let us focus on Civilization for conflict analysis and remedies. Major forms of disorder use violence; war is state organized violence. The most belligerent states are the United States of America and Israel, both with civilization roots. National Evangelism, the US Protestant Christian civilization– more national than evangelical–justifies US warfare as exceptionalism of a people chosen by God, with a manifest destiny to run the world. Orthodox Judaism justifies Israeli warfare to conquer and expand from Nile to Euphrates as a religious right and duty to the Eternal One. The third most belligerent country, the UK, no longer believes it is God-chosen but chosen by the USA; not quite the same but something. But the root cause of global disorder lies in the Occident–with Islam–seeing itself as the single, universal civilization valid for all at all times, all others being...
Read More
Living-Peace-Sign-Budapest-copy
Tony Robinson October 4, 2026 Violence is easy to recognise when someone is being beaten, shot or killed. It becomes more difficult when nobody is holding a weapon. Poverty, discrimination, exploitation and repression can restrict a human life just as effectively, although they do so in very different ways and with very different consequences. Simply adding more categories to an ever-growing list of forms of violence does not really solve the problem. The more interesting question is what all these different situations have in common and why it makes sense to describe them using the same word. Human beings do not simply react to what happens around them. They remember the past, imagine things that do not yet exist, make plans and undertake projects. Workers organise because they imagine different working conditions; people migrate because they imagine another life somewhere else; social movements emerge because people refuse to accept the...
b54a1f10-8c65-4f0b-9dd5-4abc0a7d04cc_2659x2659
It’s a matter of principles, courage, vision and pulling together – while the militarist world is falling apart… Peter Langille October 3, 2026 “Here, then, is the problem which we present to you, stark and dreadful and inescapable: Shall we put an end to the human race; or shall mankind renounce war?”The Bertrand Russell—Albert Einstein Manifesto, July 9, 1955 ⁕ The forecast for what’s ahead is worrisome. The sharp rise in armed conflicts over the past three years is adding to what was already the highest level in over seventy years. Genocides, which should be prevented are supported. A shared climate emergency that jeopardises survival is ignored. Diverse polls now suggest that people are war-weary, worried and interested in a more effective United Nations. And, there are viable policy options for a more secure world! Yet governments are doubling-down, betting on more war and investing heavily. If current trends persist,...
010
Johan Galtung 1930-2024October 2015 Published here on October 3, 2026 Let us focus on Civilization for conflict analysis and remedies. Major forms of disorder use violence; war is state organized violence. The most belligerent states are the United States of America and Israel, both with civilization roots. National Evangelism, the US Protestant Christian civilization– more national than evangelical–justifies US warfare as exceptionalism of a people chosen by God, with a manifest destiny to run the world. Orthodox Judaism justifies Israeli warfare to conquer and expand from Nile to Euphrates as a religious right and duty to the Eternal One. The third most belligerent country, the UK, no longer believes it is God-chosen but chosen by the USA; not quite the same but something. But the root cause of global disorder lies in the Occident–with Islam–seeing itself as the single, universal civilization valid for all at all times, all others being...
Screenshot 2026-10-02 011738
Jan ObergPhD, director, The Transnational Foundation for Peace and Future Research, TFFLund, Sweden October 2, 2026 This is my full original manuscript. The Chinese Academy of Social Science, CASS, makes two publications out if it. 1. China’s Five-year plan emphasized the capabilities of basic research and original innovation. It is regarded as the goal of the future social development, which, as required, should be significantly enhanced. Can you comment on the importance of original innovation in research and academic study? I believe it is easier to define “original innovation” in the natural sciences than in social sciences. The breaking points of what constitutes something new, or innovative, are not quite as sharp in the latter. But in both fields it is about opening up something that was closed, unseen, unexplored before – making manifest what was earlier latent. Innovations come in many forms and shapes – naming something that was not...
arctic-circle-map
The agreement is catastrophic both because of what it says and what it doesn’t mention. It reduces further the major asset of security policies: Freedom of action. Jan Oberg TFF director September 25, 2026 A couple of hours before the agreement was signed on September 22, 2026, I published the following 13 hypotheses about what it would most likely contain on TFF Substack (in English). I was wrong on only the first point. Contrary to what Trump had written on his Truth Social platform, it does not appear to come into force immediately. In fact, it turned out to be worse than even I had anticipated. After these hypotheses now come a number of reflections in light of what the agreement actually contains, and does not contain, as well as the way in which it has generally been presented by major media outlets and by the public-service broadcaster DR. My...
girl-5894831_1280
Below are TFF-related media mentions, comments, videos and social media posts published elsewhere but not on this homepage. We happen to catch and list only a fraction. Regarding video comments and debates, we recommend that you go to the TFF Video Channel on Substack where many of them are reproduced. Jan Oberg is a contributor to China Daily – 52 million daily clicks – and Global Times, CGTN and CCTV (the national television), China Investment, Xinhua News Agency and several others. Articles and videos on these media very often multiply into countless Chinese (and Western media) that re-post them from these main media. Thanks to The China Academy, his analyses, interviews and comments are frequently posted on YouTube channels such as Thinkers Forum and Wave Media. These videos are often re-posted on Bilibili (China’s YouTube), the China Content Center on TikTok, and on the Chinese edition of TikTok, Douyin.com. This means reaching hundreds of millions of viewers worldwide over a year. While there are too many to catch on all these...