Av Christian Hårleman*

1:a september 2018

Våren 1992 blev jag ombedd att som militär rådgivare arbeta i Departement of Peacekeping Operations (DPKO). Det var inte helt oväntat sedan jag de föregående tre åren hade arbetat i New York med peacekeeping vid dels International Peace Academy (IPA) och dels vid UN Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR).

Även om jag var hyfsat underkunnig om peacekeeping var jag färsk i min nya roll som militär rådgivare vid UN HQs. Detta skedde ungefär vid samma tid som när Kofi Annan övertog chefskapet över DPKO efter den dynamiska britten Marrack Goulding. Departementet var vid Annans tillträde starkt engagerad i konflikten i Jugoslavien vilken även präglade Säkerhetsrådets politiska agenda.

Det var en turbulent tid där formerna för och strukturen av peacekeeping konceptet per se ifrågasattes. Att för Annan överta departementet vid denna tid var således ingen lätt uppgift och många undrade om ”the softspoken Annan” var i stånd att matcha kraven från Säkerhetsrådet och truppbidragarländerna – inte minst mot bakgrunden av den alltmer omfattande och komplexa situationen på Balkan.

Inom kort kom Annan alla skeptiker på skam. Hans djupa kunskap om det stora och mångfacetterade FN-systemet var inte bara teoretiskt inhämtad utan Annans stora förtrogenhet med hela systemet härrörde sig även från alla de år han arbetat med vitt skilda frågor inom organisationen.

Det tog därför inte särskilt lång tid innan den nye departementschefen var väl insatt i alla de frågor som åvilade departementet.

Kofi Annan var alltid synnerligen välklädd, tunt grått skägg, ”huskey” röst, ganska liten men rörde sig med en naturlig elegans. Han utstrålade en självklar auktoritet, som parad med hans klokhet och starka empati samt ett aldrig sviktande lugn gjorde honom till en central punkt var han än befann sig.

Hela hans apparition ingav ett stort förtroende till vilket man förhöll sig med respekt. Annan var synnerligen omtyckt – inte minst av Departementets personal som han påtagligt värnade om. En sekreterare i Annans stab yttrade vid något tillfälle – om jag blir avskedad önskar jag att det är Mr. Annan som meddelar mig detta.

DPKO var under departementschefen och hans stab organiserat i ett antal avdelningar vilka ansvarade för de aktuella geopolitiska områdena Afrika, Asien, Mellan Östern, Central Amerika och Europa. Inom varje avdelning fanns en chef med sina politiska rådgivare som alla var FN tjänstemän.

Efter behov knöts till avdelningarna sekonderade militära specialister d.v.s. officerare från medlemsstaterna. Dessutom fanns det en administrativ avdelning samt senare en avdelning som skulle svara för etablering av ett för truppbidragarländerna konformt utbildningssystem för de fredsbevarande styrkorna. Det var detta som blev min huvudsakliga uppgift.

Det var en ganska jobbig tid där policy och koncept skulle introduceras och koordineras med medlemsländerna. Allt detta krävde resurser i form av pengar och personal. Det hela blev därutöver en politisk fråga enär liknande idéer ej tidigare hade på allvar diskuterats – och definitivt inte inom FN:s huvudkvarter.

Frågan måste därför föreläggas Generalförsamlingen och dess Femte utskott för ett principbeslut om verksamheten som sådan och därefter ett beslut om medelstilldelning. Annan och hans stab hjälpte och guidade mig under denna process och med aktivt stöd från den amerikanska FN delegation gick det hela igenom.


FN hade nu för första gången fått ett samordnat och senare implementerat utbildningspaket för de fredsbevarande styrkorna och Sekretariatet hade begåvats med permanent militär utbildningsenhet.

Annan hade sett och förstått behovet av denna utbildning och ville se detta realiserat som del i FN:s reformprogram för de fredsbevarande styrkorna.

Vid denna tid fanns inom Sekretariatet ett ganska massivt motstånd gentemot etableringen av en permanent militär enhet i FN-högkvarteret. Det ansågs ej förenligt med FN:s allmänna policy att organisera en ständig militär närvaro i Sekretariatet, vilket var att betrakta som en ”non-military organisation”. Sådana enheter skulle tillhöra de av FN beslutade externa fältoperationerna. Motståndet var tufft.

När policyn hade formulerats, samordnats inom eget departement och aktuella dokument på väg ut till de andra departementen samt som förhandsinfo till Femte utskottet – då ringde Annans andre man och meddelade mig kort att inga dylika dokument skulle distribueras – det fanns inget behov för denna slags verksamhet inom Sekretariastet.

Arbetar man i FN ”far-man-inte-taket” – man reflekterar, bidar och undersöker. Det visade sig att dokumenten fanns hos departementets administrativa chef – min vän Franz Bauman. Han hade inte fått något meddelande, kände inte till något om ett återkallande om ”non-distribution” varför han på min fråga helt sonika sände iväg dokumenten till alla listade mottagare inklusive Femte utskottet. Detta var ju högst irriterande för vissa. Min personal och jag var lättade och Annan godkände hela konceptet.

Hela genomförandeprocessen var komplicerad och omfattade bl.a. fem stora regionala seminarier till vilka inbjöds endast berörd personal från de regionala ländernas utrikes- och försvarsdepartement. Inga andra tilläts deltaga för att ej försvåra det därvarande politiska klimatet.

I det sammanhanget blev jag så tillfrågad om Spaniens ambassadör i Argentina kunde beredas möjlighet att närvara vid seminariet i Buenos Aires. Svaret blev nekande varför spanjorerna vände sig till Annans andre man. Denne svarade ja och informerade mig efteråt om sitt beslut. Jag protesterade med hänvisning till tidigare beslutad policy i denna fråga men det var inte tal om att ändra fattat beslut.

Jag bad då om företräde för Annan, föredrog ärendet varvid han förklarade att han skulle lösa frågan. Det gjorde han – det kom ingen spansk ambassadör. Detta kan synas som sk-t saker och så är det i vår kultur och där vi gör andra prioriteringar. Inom FN systemet och främst inom Sekretariatet ser man helt annorlunda på detta. Det rör sig om prestige, positioneringar, inflytande och ”face-saving”.

Annan och det stora flertalet stod helt utanför dessa futiliteter – men var medveten om dem.

Om Annan har sagts och sägs mycket – om hans diplomatiska förmåga, ”Fingerspitzgefühl”, integritet, förmågan att rätt förhålla sig till den regionala/globala komplexiteten, hans hängivenhet till FN och ödmjukheten till sin uppgift.

Annan var högt respekterad av olika statsmän runt om i världen inte minst för sin mjuka men ändå principfasta framtoning i alla krävande förhandlingar.

Personligen ansåg jag Annan som en utomordentlig person med chefsegenskaper som går lång utöver det vanliga. En sådan stimulerande chef som Kofi Annan har jag aldrig haft.

Annan fångar nog sig själv bäst i ett av hans många odödliga ”quotables” – “We may have different religions, different languages, different colored skin, but we all belong to one human race”.

*Christian Hårleman är fd ordförande för TFF:s styrelse. Se övrigt om honom på länken ovan.


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