Hvad indebærer en krig mod Irak?

Offentliggjort i Politiken 17. december 2002

En række humanitære organisationer og enkeltpersoner opfordrer i et åbent brev regeringen og Folketinget til at sikre sig det bedst mulige grundlag for beslutningen om, hvorvidt Danmark skal støtte en eventuel krig mod Irak. Der må gøres realistiske analyser af de mulige konsekvenser og skabes debat både i Folketinget og i den brede offentlighed.

De sidste ugers internationale udvikling gør det sandsynligt at Irak bliver angrebet enten af USA og England eller af en større koalition. Danmark, der har formandskabet i EU, skal derfor tage stilling til to ting:

For det første skal det endeligt besluttes, om Danmark vil støtte denne krig, med de politiske, humanitære, økonomiske og folkeretlige konsekvenser, den kan få. For det andet skal regering og folketing tage stilling til, om Danmark vil deltage aktivt i angrebet på Irak.

Vi opfordrer hermed folketingets medlemmer og regeringen til at træffe disse beslutninger på det bedst mulige grundlag, nemlig efter grundige analyser af mulige konsekvenser af en krig mod Irak, efter en Folketingsdebat og efter en bred, offentlig debat.

Inden Danmark og EU fastlægger sin politik, bør man overveje følgende, tænkelige konsekvenser af en krig mod Irak:

– at tusinder bliver dræbt og såret, soldater såvel som civile. Hvis kemiske eller andre masseødelæggende våben tages i brug, må ofrene regnes i titusinder.

– at mange, måske millioner, tvinges på flugt. Afsættelse af Saddam Hussein og kontrol med landet forudsætter krigshandlinger i storbyer og i Baghdad, som har 5 millioner indbyggere. Nabostaterne har ikke ressourcer til at tage imod flere flygtninge.

– at der vil blive tale om livslange fysiske og psykiske skader, nyfødte med misdannelser, tilfælde af kræft, immunsygdomme samt et stort antal krigsveteraner med varige mén.

– at krigshandlinger bryder ud i skyggen af krigen og spredes til f.eks. Israel og Palæstina.

– at der sker militærkup eller udbryder borgerkrig mellem forskellige fraktioner i Irak, der vil kæmpe om magten i tomrummet efter Saddam Hussein, med uoverskuelig ustabilitet til følge.

– at folkeretten og FNs livsvigtige normer og rolle som fredsskaber under de værst tænkelige omstændigheder kan blive svækket.

– at andre arabiske stater og araberen på gaden udvikler en stadigt stærkere forbitrelse mod Vesten og dets værdier og fremfærd. Dette vil mindske muligheden for en fremtidig udvikling af demokrati i disse lande.

– at der opstår enorme vanskeligheder med at få et nyt vestvenligt lederskab til at fungere i Baghdad. Mange irakere vil sikkert gerne af med Saddam Hussein, men deraf følger ikke at de vil acceptere en regering, der er indsat af udlandet.

– at meget store beløb må afsættes til en hurtigt humanitær indsats for Iraks 23 millioner indbyggere. Det vil ske i en periode hvor viljen til at give i stedse ringere grad matcher de allerede eksisterende behov på vor klode.

– at der bliver behov for et genopbygningsprogram til hundreder af milliarder af dollars. Det må formodes at tage 10-20 år at få Irak genopbygget Det internationale samfund har før lovet store summer til krigshærgede lande, der ikke er blevet udbetalt endnu.

– at der ved bombninger og eventuel besættelse af Irak sker alvorlige krænkelser af menneskerettigheder. Det kan ske gennem regimets likvideringer af oppositionelle og intern magtkamp men også gennem udenlandske troppers og specialstyrkers intervention.

– at mange mennesker fra Irak vil banke på Europas og dermed Danmarks dør. De vil have problemer og traumer, som det vil tage år at behandle. Det vil være moralsk betænkeligt at afvise dem, da de kommer hertil som konsekvens af vore allieredes, og eventuelt vore egne, krigshandlinger mod deres land.

– at oliepriserne vil stige hastigt og meget, i det mindste for en periode. Dette vil have yderst alvorlige konsekvenser for mange fattige, olieafhængige lande og for verdensøkonomien som helhed.

– at der opstår miljøkatastrofer gennem brug af masseødelæggende våben, ammunition med udarmet uran eller afbrænding af oliekilder.

– at der som et led i krigsførelsen udbryder en koppeepidemi overfor hvilken stort set alle lande, med undtagelse af USA, Israel og England, står helt uforberedte.

– at fremtidige terrorangreb mod vestlige lande tager voldsomt til, især mod dem, der deltager i krigen.

Hidtil har debatten fokuseret på de positive forventninger til en krig: den skal hindre en diktator fra at få flere våben og fra at true naboer og Vesten selv. Den skal befri Iraks folk fra undertrykkelse og lede til demokrati. Den skal straffe en lovovertræder og dermed styrke folkeretten og FN. Den skal skabe fred og stabilitet.

Disse mål kan ikke blive virkelighed uden negative konsekvenser som de ovenfor nævnte. Vi appellerer til regeringen om ved hjælp af dansk og udenlandsk ekspertise grundigt at få undersøgt de mulige konsekvenser, og at lægge disse undersøgelser åbent frem for befolkningen.

Vore humanitære organisationer og befolkningen i Danmark skal kunne føle sig helt sikre på, at der forud for en evt. dansk støtte til – eller deltagelse i – krig imod Irak foreligger en konsekvensanalyse af højeste karat. Og at materialet gøres til genstand for åben, offentlig debat, som det er naturligt i et demokrati.

Med venlig hilsen

Caritas Danmark, Den katolske kirkes humanitære hjælpeorganisation

Center for Konfliktløsning, Danmark

CEPAR, Center for psykosocialt arbejde med flygtninge og indvandrere

FN-forbundet

Folkekirkens Nødhjælp

MS, Mellemfolkeligt Samvirke

OASIS, Behandling og rådgivning for flygtninge

TFF, Den Transnationale Stiftelse for Freds- og Fremtidsforskning

Benny Andersen, digter

Mette Koefoed Bjørnsen, tidl. forligskvinde

Tine Bryld, socialrådgiver og forfatter

Else Marie Bukdahl, rektor for Kunstakademiet

Peter Elsass, professor, dr. med. Københavns Universitet

Rumle Hammerich, instruktør og direktør, Nordisk Film

Kjeld Holm, biskop, Aarhus

Ole Thyssen, professor, dr.phil., Handelshøjskolen

Knud Vilby, forfatter, formand for dansk forfatterforening

……………..

Det Åbne Brev er blevet til på initiativ af TFF, Den Transnationale Stiftelse for Freds- og Fremtidsforskning, i Lund i Sverige.

TFF stod i sidste uge bag analysen af risikoen for en global koppeepidemi i forbindelse med en krig og terrorisme. På dansk og svensk her:

Stiftelsen sender for anden gang et fredsteam til Irak lige efter nytår. 

PhD, Peace & future researcher + ‌Art Photographer, Professor Emeritus and media commentator

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