Som broar över mörka vatten- ett integrationsprojekt

Den Transnationella Stiftelsen för Freds- och Framtidsforskning, www.transnational.org, har av Arvsfonden beviljats medel till projektet Som broar över mörka vatten. Projektet tar utgångspunkt i arbetssättet Pedagogisk Familjedokumentation och integrationsprojektet Frusna fötter. Pedagogisk Familjedokumentation har sedan fem år utvecklats av pedagogerna Miriam Salomons och Iréne Wistrand på familjecentralen Trädet i Västra Frölunda, Göteborg.

Genom Pedagogisk Familjedokumentation, får föräldrar möjlighet att berätta ett stycke av sin levnadshistoria. Denna metod har visat sig vara särskilt viktigt för personer, som inte behärskar svenska språket och/eller bara har fragmentariska minnen av sitt förflutna. De har fått hjälp att i bild och ord strukturera, summera och dokumentera sina minnen vilket underlättat för dem att blicka framåt. Eftersom det kan finnas språkliga barriärer får bilder och andra minnesförmedlande dokument underlätta kommunikationen. Det kan vara utklipp, fotografier, gamla biljetter eller kvitton som organiseras och förevigas i ett album.

Medan arbetssättet på Trädet varit inriktat på nyblivna föräldrar med småbarn använder projektet det också på målgruppen asylsökande ensamkommande barn och unga. Gemensamt för målgrupperna är att de från samhällets sida ofta betraktas som objekt för åtgärder.
Arbetssättet fungerar terapeutiskt genom att deltagarnafår distans till sitt eget liv samtidigt som de delar erfarenheter med andra i samma situation. De får därigenom förhoppningsvis större sammanhang och ordning i sina liv, förstärkt självförtroende och självkänsla samt en bättre strategi att möta framtiden. Vad de väljer att berätta avgör var och en. Det är en form av självhjälp. Känslan av egenmakt och handlingsberedskap stärks. Det handlar om att överbrygga brottet mellan dåtid och framtid samt att för de asylsökande fylla tiden av väntan med något meningsfullt.

Såväl barnen/ungdomarna som föräldrarna befinner sig i ett övergångsskede i livet. Under sådana perioder är man mer eller mindre förvirrad och osäker på hur man ska hantera sitt liv. Projektets grundidé handlar om att stötta deltagarna så att de kan rota sig i sig själva och gå vidare med sina liv på ett för dem och deras familjer bra sätt. Den röda tråden blir berättelsen om vem man är. För föräldrarna innebär metoden att konkret göra något till sitt barn samtidigt som något händer med dem själva under processens gång. Enligt den gängse samhällssynen ska man se framåt, medan man i Pedagogisk familjedokumentation tittar bakåt tillsammans med föräldrarna.
Metodens anpassning till ensamkommande flyktingbarn/ungdomar innebär bl a att arbeta mer med drömmar och framtid. Genom att gräva i deras förflutna riskerar vi att blottlägga traumatiska upplevelser som projektet inte har resurser att hantera. I stället utgår vi från nutid och blickar framåt. De som vill berätta om det som varit får naturligtvis göra det, men då på eget initiativ och i den omfattning de själva väljer.

Mötet med det nya samhället och skapandet av ett nytt socialt sammanhang kan dokumenteras på olika sätt – album, tavlor, film, dikter, rapptexter – samtidigt som man utbyter erfarenheter med övriga deltagare och får svar på frågor av handledarna och deras assistenter varav flera talar ungdomarnas språk.

Det konkreta målet för ungdomarnas arbete är en utställning där deras tankar, erfarenheter, drömmar och behov blir tillgängliga för allmänheten.

För nyblivna föräldrar pågår projektet förutom på Trädet på Familjens Hus Malmö. De ensamkommande flyktingbarnen/ungdomarna som vi arbetar tillsammans med finns dels på PUT-boendet i Västra hamnen i Malmö, dels i Eslöv. Där finns några på asyl- och PUT-boendet Husaren, medan andra varit familjehemsplacerade.

På familjecentralerna har föräldrar och personal redan en relation som gör det lättare att komma igång med själva projektarbetet. De ensamkommande flyktingbarnen/ungdomarna och vi som arbetar med dem är till en början främlingar för varandra. Det gäller därför att bygga en förtroendefull relation parallellt med projektarbetet som därmed tar längre tid i anspråk.

Familjecentralsdelen av projektet drivs av Irene Wistrand och Miriam Salomons på Trädet samt Britt Harborg och Mahasen Al-Zubeidi på Familjens Hus. Projektledare är Vibeke Bing, TFF.

Vi som arbetar med den del av projektet som riktar sig till ensamkommande flyktingbarn/ungdomar är projektledare Christina Spännar, Transnationella Stiftelsen (TFF), och projektassistent Anna Björling, Tamam och TFF. Assistenter är Anna Avetisian, Mahdi Asghari, Mohammad Gulchin (Eslöv) och Massoudeh Naib (Malmö).

Christina Spännar
Lund 19 november 2010

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