PressInfo #184 – 10 grunde til atafskaffe kernevåbnene

Oprindeligt publiceret 26. juni 2003

1. For at opfylde allerede eksisterende forpligtelser.

Kernevåbenstaterne har afgivet højtidelige løfter til det internationale samfund om af forhandle redeligt for at opnå kernevåbenafrustning. De forenede Stater, Rusland, England, Frankrig og Kina accepterede denne forpligtelse, da de underskrev Ikke-Sprednings-Aftalen (NPT) og de udvidede deres løfter på NPT revisions- og udvidelseskonferencen i 1995 og igen på NPT revisionskonferencen i 2000.
Indien og Pakistan, som ikke har underskrevet Ikke-Sprednings-Aftalen, har forpligtet sig til at afskaffe deres kernevåben, hvis de andre kernevåbenstater afskaffer deres. Den eneste kernevåbenstat, som ikke har afgivet et sådant løfte er Israel og de må kunne overbevises til at gøre det samme, hvis alle andre kernevåbenstater bliver enige om at afskaffe deres kernevåbenarsenaler.
Den internationale Domstol i Haag (International Court of Justice), verdens højeste retsinstans afgav en udtalelse i 1996, som understregede forpligtelsen til kernevåbenafrustning: “Der eksisterer en forpligtelse til at forhandle redeligt og til at bringe forhandlingerne til en afslutning, der leder til kernevåbenafrustning i alle henseender og under streng og effektiv international kontrol”. Dette betyder en forpligtelse til at reducere verdens kernevåbenarsenaler til nul.

2. For at stoppe spredningen af kernevåben.

Hvis kernevåbenstaterne ikke handler henimod at afskaffe deres kernevåbenarsenaler fører det sandsynligvis til spredning af kernevåben til andre nationer. Hvis kernevåbenstaterne fortsætter med at opretholde det standpunkt, at kernevåben bevarer deres sikkerhed, er det kun rimeligt at andre nationer med mindre magtfulde militære styrker, som f.eks. Nordkorea også beslutter, at deres sikkerhed skal beskyttes af kernevåbenarsenaler. Uden betragtelige fremskridt frem mod kernevåbenafrustning trues Ikke-Sprednings-Aftalen når aftalens deltagere mødes til næste revisionskonference i 2005.

3. For at forebygge kernevåbenterrorisme.

Den blotte eksistens af kernevåben og deres produktion truer vor sikkerhed, fordi de udgør en risiko for at blive brugt af terrorister. Kernevåben og -produktionsanlæg over hele verden er mulige mål for terroristangreb eller tyveri af våben eller materiale i våbenkvalitet. Rusland har på grund af opløsningen af den tidligere Sovjetunion et forringet kommando- og kontrolsystem, hvilket gør deres store arsenal særligt følsomt for terrorister. Hertil kommer, at kernevåben ikke er egnede til forsvar mod eller reaktion på terrorisme fordi kernevåben ikke kan ramme en gruppe, som man ikke ved, hvor er.

4. For at undgå kernevåbenuheld.

Risikoen for en krig ved et uheld på grund af misforstået kommunikation, fejlregning eller fejlfunktion er specielt farlig på grund af de tusinder af kernevåbenladninger, der er opstillet og står i højeste beredskab til affyring. På grund af den korte tid, der er til rådighed til at konstatere, om en stat er under kernevåbenangreb eller ej, og om man i givet fald skal svare med en hævnaktion, er risikoen for fejlbedømmelse stor. Her til kommer at opløsningen af den tidligere Sovjetunion har svækket Ruslands tidlige varslingssystem, idet mange dele af dette system var anbragt uden for Rusland og dette øger risikoen for et kernevåbenuheld.

5. For at få slut på den umoralske trussel med massemord.

Det er i høj grad umoralsk at basere en nations sikkerhed på en trussel om at ødelægge byer og potentielt myrde millioner af mennesker. Denne umoralske politik bærer navnet kernevåbenafskrækkelse eller terrorbalance, og er det alle kernevåbenstater sætter deres lid til. Kernevåbenafskrækkelse er en farlig politik. Den risikerer menneskehedens og de fleste livsformers udslettelse.

6. For at modvirke koncentreringen af magt.

Kernevåben underminerer demokratiet ved at give nogen få individer magten til at ødelægge verden, som vi kender den. Ingen bør have så megen magt. Hvis disse individer begår en fejl eller vurderer forkert, så vil alle i hele verden betale for det.

7. For at fremme demokratisk åbenhed.

Beslutninger om kernevåben træffes stort set i hemmelighed med meget lille indblanding af offentligheden. I De forenede Stater fastlægges kernevåbenpolitikken f.eks. i et sæt meget hemmeligstemplede dokumenter, som ikke offentliggøres og som kun kommer til offentlighedens kundskab gennem lækager. Hvad angår dette, det vigtigste af alle spørgsmål, der truer menneskeheden, er der intet informeret samtykke fra folket.

8. For at standse drænet på ressourcer.

Kernevåben har drænet ressourcer inklusive videnskabelige ressourcer fra andre mere produktive anvendelser. Et studie gennemført i 1998 af Brookings Institution fandt, at USA alene havde anvendt mere end 5.5 billioner USD på kernevåben mellem 1940 og 1996. USA fortsætter med at anvende 25 – 35 milliarder USD pr år på forskning, udvikling og vedligeholdelse af sit kernevåbenarsenal. Alle disse forkert anvendte ressourcer udgør spildte muligheder for forbedring af sundhed, uddannelse og velfærd for verdens folk.

9. For at tage hensyn til advarslerne fra anerkendte ledere.

Anerkendte ledere over hele verden, generaler, admiraler, regeringsledere og statsoverhoveder, videnskabsmænd og nobelpristagere har advaret mod de farer, der ligger i at sætte sin lid til kernevåben i sikkerhedspolitikken. Disse advarsler er ikke blevet hørt af kernevåbenstaternes ledere.

10. For at stå til ansvar.

Vi har alle et ansvar overfor vore børn, børnebørn og fremtidige generationer, et ansvar for at bringe den trussel, som kernevåben udgør overfor menneskeheden og alt liv, til ophør. Dette er et enestående ansvar i menneskehedens historie. Hvis vi ikke påtager os ansvaret for at tale og arbejde for en verden fri for kernevåben, hvem gør det så?

Oversat fra engelsk af Orla Jordal

© TFF & the author2003

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