I det mörkaste Peru 4
Reflexioner från en resa

Inkastaden Machu Picchu tillhör självklart Världskulturarvet, men ingick länge också i det Hotade Världskulturarvet, då peruanska myndigheternas hade planer på att bygga en linbana för att ta hit än fler turister.

Platsen ligger numera också i dollarzonen.

På tåget från Cuzco till Machu Picchu (enda sättet att komma dit) beställer en amerikan en flaska mineralvatten och betalar med en tiodollarsedel, som om Peru vore en amerikansk provins.

Järnvägen är ett mirakel. Första biten från Cuzco är så brant att tåget måste fara i zick-zack flera gånger, först upp en bit, sen baklänges på nytt spår. Det är den märkligaste tågresa jag gjort.

Sista biten går mellan höga berg i en djup ravin längs Urubambafloden, dessvärre så förorenad att det inte går att fiska i den.

Efter fyra timmars resa kommer jag till en by med varma källor, Aguas Caliente, “De varma vattnen”, vid den brusande vilda Urubambafloden, i den tropiska regnskog, som är en del av Amazondjungeln.

Jag har med mig resenärernas bibel Lonely Planet, sätter fingret på Gringo Bill’s och läser:

“Gringo Bill’s has been a budget traveler’s favourite for many years. It attracts a laidback crowd that enjoys the spacey wall murals and the friendly but slow service in the restaurant. There is 24-hour hot water.”

Det passar mig precis.

Aguas Calientes huvudgata är en brant gränd upp mot de varma källorna, kantad av restauranger med envisa inropare. Jag slinker in på “The Enigma”, Restaurang Gåtan och väljer en vegetarisk rätt efter att ha kollat matsedelns andra erbjudanden om grillad hamster, stekt alpacha, eller utplattad kyckling, pollo milanese.

Det får bli en tortilla verdura, grönsaksomelett, med ett glas mate coca, te gjort på cocablad, och så papajajuice.

Utanför står tre soptunnor för källsortering, en för papper och plast, en för övrigt och den tredje utan någon märkning alls, för övrigt övrigt.

I gryningen tar jag bussen de tolv kilometrarna upp till Machu Pichu och betalar ett väl tilltaget inträde i dollar, inget för vanliga peruaner precis. Men alla invändningar förångas när jag väl är där och drabbas av platsens magi. Vad var det för människor som byggde den här staden, vars murar bevarats så väl – och varför valde de en så svårtillgänglig plats?

Machu Picchu ligger på en avgränsad bergsrygg, skyddad av djupa dalar med än högre berg åt alla håll. Grönskan är tropiskt ångande. Under fyra hundra år hade djungeln lindat in staden i grön osynlighet.

Jag passerar soltemplet och vattenreservoarerna. Sedan förstummas jag av Kondorens tempel innan jag fortsätter till de besynnerliga “mortlarna” och “Sacred rock” innan jag sätter mig vid Intiwatana, solfångaren och låter mig fascineras av arkitekturen och stadsplanen, det som Tore och Stoika Zetterholm kallat “en symfoni i sten” i sin “Stenarna ropa” (Bra Böcker, 1989).

Det börjar åska över bergen. Himlen drar ner mungiporna och antar en katastroflila färg. Långt nere från dalen hörs sirenen från tåget.

Den amerikanske arkeologen Hiram Bingham återupptäckte Machu Picchu 1911. Han var på jakt efter något annat och platsen gjorde inte större intryck på honom än att han pinsamt nog fortsatte efter några timmar. I sin rapport påföljande år om denna Yale-universitetets peruanska expedition ägnade han sju rader åt Machu Picchu men två sidor åt några förhistoriska skelett han funnit.

Så kan det bli, att en forskare bara upplever det han är beredd på men inte ser det oerhörda han/hon inte kunnat föreställa sig i förväg.

Hur ska jag som resenär kunna se det jag inte vet om att jag skulle kunna se? Det tänker jag ofta på.

Bingham återvände hit ett par gånger, men inte mellan 1915 och 1948. Det senare året invigde han den 12 km långa vägen från Aguas Calientes upp till ruinstaden.

Med järnvägen från Cuzco och bussvägen den sista biten blev Machu Picchu tillgängligt för besökare. Därmed uppstod ett dramatiskt internationellt uppsving för intresset för inkafolkets kultur, där så mycket är utlämnat till spekulationer eftersom den skriftlösa inkakulturen inte lämnade några dokument efter sig.

Spanjorerna förstörde allt de såg av inkafolkets kultur. Men de hörde aldrig talas om Machu Picchu. Förmodligen hade staden övergetts redan före deras ankomst. Ingen vet varför.

Inkakulturen är nu en självklar del av peruansk identitet. Men inte enkelt. Majoriteten av befolkningen är katoliker, också indianerna, som övertagit erövrarnas kultur. Samtidigt talar den indianska befolkningen ofta quechua (med rötter i inkatidens språk) som sitt förstaspråk, men också spanska. De flesta peruaner bär både förtryckaren och den förtryckte inom sig, både bödeln och hans offer.

Men fortfarande är de spanskättade en ekonomisk överklass och den andinska befolkningen med rötter i inkafolket en fattig majoritet tyngd av daglig kamp för sin överlevnad.

Alejandro Toledo, Perus nuvarande president, är den förste på posten med andinskt indianskt ursprung. Dagen efter den officiella installationen i Lima genomförde han en symboliskt laddad ceremoni i Machu Picchu.

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